Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Y Abe.
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We have studied the clinical usefulness of the CA15-3 radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit that has been developed with two monoclonal antibodies (115D 8 and DF 3). Serum levels of CA15-3 exceeding the normal level were found in a high percentage of patients with ovarian cancer (80%), lung cancer (62.5%) and breast cancer (29.3%). In patients with breast cancer, the mean concentrations of CA15-3 before operation were higher than those after operation. Further, the levels of CA15-3 showed a good correlation with the extent and the stage of the breast cancer. These results suggest that CA15-3 levels can provide monitoring information in the follow-up management of patients with breast cancer.
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Three cases of isolated atrial septal aneurysm are reported. Case 1: A 66-year-old man visited our hospital for detailed examination and evaluation of premature ventricular contractions and left ventricular hypertrophy previously detected. Echocardiography revealed an atrial septal aneurysm protruding into the left atrium in the early systolic phase and into the right atrium during the mid-systolic to diastolic phase. Subxiphoid M-mode echocardiography showed triphasic movement of the wall of the atrial septal aneurysm toward the left atrium during the end-diastolic to systolic phase, which was enhanced during inspiration. No abnormalities were found by Doppler echocardiography. Cardiac catheterization revealed normal intracardiac pressures and oxygen saturations, but a right arteriogram revealed a defect in the right atrium. Case 2: A five-month-old male infant was referred to our hospital for detailed examination and evaluation of a heart murmur. Echocardiography revealed an atrial septal aneurysm in which a part of the interatrial septum protruded into the right atrium. Case 3: A one-day-old female infant was admitted to our hospital for detailed cardiac examination. Echocardiography revealed that the entire interatrial septum protruded into the right atrium. In Cases 2 and 3 the morphology of the aneurysms did not show cyclic or respiratory change. These two cases had no other abnormalities on echocardiography or Doppler echocardiography. The mechanism of the wall movement in Case 1 seemed to be attributed to differences in pressures between the right and left atria and in properties of the aneurysmal walls. Enhancement of the protrusion of the aneurysmal wall toward the left atrium during inspiration was considered due to inspiratory increase of right atrial pressure.
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To examine the process and the rate of implantation of mouse eggs fertilized in vitro, we transferred the eggs to the opposite uterine horn of the donor mouse and assessed the effect of culture conditions on the early-stage embryos. In vitro fertilization of mouse ova Crj: CD-1 (ICR) was performed according to the technique of Toyoda et al. Embryo transfer (2 cell, 4 cell, morula and blastocyst stage) was performed by a modified McLaren's technique. Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were examined as indicators of cytogenetical factors, and a comparison was made of three different environmental conditions: I. in vitro fertilization-in vitro culture, II. in vitro fertilization-in vivo development, III. in vivo fertilization-in vitro culture, IV. in vivo fertilization-in vivo development. The results were as follows. 1) The implantation rate of blastocysts transferred within donor mice was 20% and the growth rate to fetus was 14.5%, but embryos from the 2 cell to morula stage could not be implanted on the endometrium of the contralateral uterine horn. 2) Where donor and recipient were different mice, there was a decrease in the implantation rate, when the recipient and donor were at a synchronized stage of the cycle. An improvement in the rate was secured when the recipient's stage was delayed 24 hours. 3) The SCE score increased significantly in groups I and III (p less than 0.001, Student's t-test) as compared with that of group IV. The decrease in the IVF embryo implantation rate vs. natural conception is due to the non-physiological environment and growth retardation of the IVF embryo causes asynchronization with endometrial age.
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An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) by the sandwich method with the use of orthophenylene diamine (OPDA) for the substrate of the enzyme reaction was developed. This assay showed high sensitivity, and there was no problem with the recovery rates even without any pretreatment of samples. The changes of hEGF levels in plasma and serum depend on the condition of blood storage from sampling until separation of the cell content. The levels of hEGF markedly increased with time in serum, especially when stored at room temperature but less so in plasma. Changes of hEGF levels in plasma were negligible for up to 3 h if the blood was stored at 4 degrees C until separation.
The effects of a synthetic human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) on the intrarenal distribution of blood flow were examined in anesthetized dogs. Intrarenal infusion of alpha-hANP at a rate of 0.05 microgram/kg per min resulted in a significant increase in renal blood flow, urine flow and urinary excretion of sodium with no change in renal perfusion pressure. Measurement of the intrarenal blood flow by the microsphere method indicated a greater increase in flow rate in the juxtamedullary than in the superficial area. A significant correlation was observed during alpha-hANP infusion between changes in both urine flow and sodium excretion and inner cortical blood flow; changes in inner cortical blood flow may reflect changes in medullary blood flow. However, a smaller dose of alpha-hANP (0.01 microgram/kg per min) increased urine flow and electrolyte excretion but had no effect on the distribution of renal blood flow. Thus, neither the increased inner cortical blood flow nor the redistribution of blood flow is the sole cause of the natriuresis during infusion of alpha-hANP. Changes in intrarenal hemodynamics could contribute to the natriuresis induced by alpha-hANP, via washout of medullary solutes.
A manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) from the liver of bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 84,000 and is composed of four identical subunits, each containing one manganese atom. The amino acid composition of the enzyme is similar to that of Mn-SODs isolated from human and chicken livers, but differs considerably from that of the Escherichia coli enzyme (D. Barra et al. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 12595-12601; R. A. Weisiger and I. Fridovich (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 3582-3592; H. M. Steinman (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 8708-8720). The N-terminal amino acid is lysine. The sequence of 23 amino acid residues in the N-terminal region was determined. It shows excellent homologies with those of the human and chicken enzymes (H. M. Steinmam and R. L. Hill (1973) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70, 3725-3729; C. Ditlow et al. (1982) Carlsberg Res. Commun. 47, 81-91). The frog liver enzyme is also located exclusively in the mitochondrial matrix. Immunologically the same enzyme is also found in the tadpole liver, in an amount of about one-half of that in the adult bullfrog.
Components of the urine of normal dogs and dogs with liver diseases were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a macroreticular anion-exchange resin with UV detection. The dogs with liver diseases were experimentally prepared by either Eck fistula by portal-caval anastomosis, dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver failure or total hepatectomy by operation. Eighteen chromatographic peaks were numbered and the cross-correlation coefficient of the intensities of every pair of peaks was computed. There were high correlations between several pairs of peaks according to the types and degrees of the hepatic failures, whereas no significant correlation was observed for the peak pairs of normal urine samples. The results showed that HPLC analysis of urine is useful in the diagnosis of the physiological state in liver dysfunction.
The research and development on the total artificial heart (TAH) in the University of Tokyo can be divided chronologically into the three stages, i.e., the first stage (1959-1970); trial and error stage to find appropriate hardwares, the second stage (1970-1985); software stage to find how to control pneumatic TAH and to manage the animals, and the third stage (1985- ); final goal to develop implantable TAH for animal and human. This paper reviews the process of research and development in each stage.
In an attempt to define the effects of a calcium antagonist, nitrendipine, on renal function, intrarenal hemodynamics, and renin release, we infused the drug into the renal artery of anesthetized dogs. Infusion of nitrendipine at a rate of 5 micrograms/min in both hydropenic and hydrated dogs resulted in a significant increase in renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow and renin release, with no change in systemic blood pressure, indicating a significant renal vasodilation. The urinary excretion rate of sodium increased by the same proportion as that of calcium. The intrarenal blood flow as measured by hydrogen washout rate showed that the outer cortical flow increased by the same proportion as the inner cortical flow. During nitrendipine infusion, free water reabsorption rate (TcH2O) in hydropenic dogs or free water clearance (CH2O) in hydrated dogs increased in proportion to the urine flow. Neither the ratio of TcH2O nor that of CH2O to osmolar clearance changed throughout the experiment. These data suggest that nitrendipine may not inhibit sodium transport in the medullary portion of the ascending limb of Henle and may induce an enhancement of the delivery of sodium to the Henle loop. Thus, nitrendipine exerts its diuretic and natriuretic actions via the alteration of renal hemodynamic and the inhibitory effect on proximal sodium reabsorption.