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Biomedical subjects

Y Abe

Publications and source records attributed to Y Abe.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effect of moderately increased intrapelvic pressure on renal tissue pressure and vasopressin release in rabbits.

Electrical stimulation of afferent renal nerves and activation of intrarenal receptors increases plasma vasopressin concentration, but the role of afferent renal nerves in the control of vasopressin secretion is not clear. Recently, we reported that activation of renal mechanoreceptors stimulates the release of vasopressin. However, intrapelvic pressure was increased to 50 mmHg, and this increase is above the normal physiological range. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect of moderately increased intrapelvic pressure on plasma vasopressin concentration in anesthetized rabbits. First, we measured renal tissue pressure while intrapelvic pressure was increased stepwise in 10-mmHg increments. Basal renal tissue pressure was 17 +/- 2 mmHg. Renal tissue pressure increased only when intrapelvic pressure was higher than the basal tissue pressure of each animal. Usually, increases in intrapelvic pressure less than 20 mmHg did not increase renal tissue pressure. This finding suggests that only increases in intrapelvic pressure more than 20 mmHg can activate renal mechanoreceptors. Based on this finding, the effects of moderate increases in intrapelvic pressure (15 and 30 mmHg) were studied. With a 15-mmHg increase in intrapelvic pressure, plasma vasopressin concentration did not change significantly. However, when intrapelvic pressure was increased to 30 mmHg, plasma vasopressin concentration increased from 5.6 +/- 1.4 to 9.5 +/- 2.8 pg/ml at 5 min (p < 0.05) and to 8.8 +/- 2.0 pg/ml at 10 min (p < 0.05). Plasma renin activity and mean arterial pressure also increased when intrapelvic pressure was increased to 30 mmHg. We conclude that moderate increases in intrapelvic pressure stimulate vasopressin secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1995

Effects of enriched and impoverished housing environments on the electrocorticograms (ECoGs) of middle-aged rats.

Electrocorticograms (ECoGs) were evaluated in young rats and in middle-aged (19 months) rats housed under three different environments. The standard condition (SC, N = 5) indicated the condition where two rats stayed in a standard cage, enriched condition (EC, N = 5) meant keeping 6-8 rats in a large cage and impoverished condition (IC, N = 5) was referred to as housing a single rat in a small cage. All middle-aged rats were kept under one of these cage conditions for 12 months, starting at 7 months of age. An ECoG was recorded simultaneously from 6 different locations on the scalp and was subjected to comparisons among the SC, EC and IC by means of spectral analysis. The power of the occipital alpha band (8.1-10.0 Hz) was significantly increased in IC rats. Total occipital power in IC rats was also enhanced as compared to SC and EC rats. These findings demonstrate that ECoG changes are present in the neocortex of middle-aged rats in different environments. In addition, social interaction seems to have a stronger effect than the differences in living capacity. These results indicate that the aging process should be studied from the viewpoint of environmental influences.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

A clinical trial of therapeutic electrical stimulation for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

This paper describes the effects of therapeutic electrical stimulation (TES) on the wasting muscles in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The patient is a 47-year-old male, and he has a history of progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, affected more in the right side. Percutaneously indwelling intramuscular electrodes were implanted to the affected muscles in the right upper and lower extremities but no electrode in the corresponding left region. Within a month of TES therapy, a rapid improvement of extremity motion appeared in the TES treated side. Long-term application of TES more than 3 months increased the strength of the muscle which had been evidently weaker than the non-treated side. CT findings of both the upper and lower extremities with TES therapy showed an increase in the density and a reduction in the moth-eaten image. An increase in the thickness of the muscles was also observed in the TES treated side while deterioration was observed in the muscles on the non-treated side.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed1995

Fulminant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with marked elevation of serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor.

We treated a married couple who developed Mycoplasma pneumonia at the same time, and whose clinical courses and serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels were markedly different. The 30-year-old wife developed acute respiratory failure and her sIL-2R levels were extremely increased. After pulse therapy, her clinical state was improved, with a marked decrease in sIL-2R. In contrast, the 36-year-old husband, also suffered from the pneumonia with a moderate increase of sIL-2R, and recovered without any complications. The difference in their clinical states may be reflected in their serum sIL-2R levels, a marker of T cell activation in vivo.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Urinary albumin fragments as a new clinical parameter for the early detection of diabetic nephropathy.

Urinary albumin fragments (uAF) from patients with NIDDM were analyzed as a possible factor in the early discovery of diabetic nephropathy before emergence of microalbuminuria. SDS-PAGE and immunoblot assay were employed for detection of uAF. Samples from 252 patients with NIDDM, 158 patients with non-diabetic diseases, and 48 healthy volunteers were examined; uAF were detected in 139 (55.2%), 94 (59.5%), only one (2.1%), respectively. In diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria, uAF were detected in 48 out of 159 cases (30.2%). Two years after the initial study, 3 of the 17 diabetic patients (17.6%) with normoalbuminuria and uAF showed micro- or macroalbuminuria. It was concluded that detection of uAF might be useful for the early detection of diabetic nephropathy in NIDDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Auditory brainstem response and temporal bone and brainstem pathology in brainstem death, with special reference to autolysis of red blood cells.

We studied the pathological changes in the temporal bone and brainstem, with particular attention to the autolysis of red blood cells in and around the blood vessels, in six cases of brainstem death determined by auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). Our findings showed that the cochlea, the visceral organs and the spinal cord below a certain level of the cervical segments continued to live after brainstem death. Red blood cells in the vessels of the brainstem and cerebellum exhibited severe autolysis, whereas most red blood cells in the cochlea were preserved. Our findings of autolytic changes in red blood cells in the brainstem, and the preservation of red blood cells in the cochlea, imply initial loss of brainstem function and delayed loss of cochlear function after prolonged absence of ABRs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Detection of minimal residual disease by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the PML/RAR alpha fusion mRNA: a study in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia following peripheral stem cell transplantation.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) that is characterized by the presence of a PML/RAR alpha fusion gene resulting from t(15;17). Peripheral stem cell transplantation (PSCT) has been used to treat patients with AML. To assess the presence of minimal residual disease (MRD) and the contamination of leukemic cells in peripheral stem cells (PSCs), we examined six patients with APL who were undergoing PSCT, using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis to detect the mRNA of the PML/RAR alpha fusion gene. The fusion gene was expressed in the bone marrow cells during the early phase of a complete remission and in some of the PSCs. Detection of the fusion gene can be useful in monitoring for leukemic cell contamination of PSCs and for predicting a relapse of APL.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

[Two cases of CA19-9 producing pulmonary papillary adenocarcinoma].

Two cases of CA 19-9 producing pulmonary papillary adenocarcinoma were reported. Pathological examination showed a well differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma with partially bronchiolo-alveolar cell type. Immunohistochemical study showed a positive straining for CA 19-9 on tumor cells. The level of CA 19-9 decreased after lobectomy and anti-cancer chemotherapy using CDDP and VDS. The series of CA 19-9 level is very useful to evaluate the effect of surgery and chemotherapy. Also it is useful to find out the recurrence of carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1995

[Spatial distribution of atrial late potentials on body surface mapping in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation].

We investigated the spatial distribution of atrial late potentials (ALP) in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (Paf) by use of body surface signal-averaged ECG. The P wave-triggered signal-averaged ECG was recorded in 20 patients with Paf and 34 control patients from precordial 16 unipolar leads (standard V1-V6 and two intercostal spaces below and above V1, V2, V4-V6). The duration (Ad) and number of fragmented deflection (Nf) of filtered P wave were measured on each lead. % Area was also calculated by dividing the area for the last 20 msec by the total area of filtered P wave. The lead having any of a significantly longer Ad, larger Nf and smaller % Area in patients with Paf than the controls was designated as ALP positive lead. ALPs were observed in all other than two intercostal spaces above V5 and V6. This finding suggests that the electrophysiological disparity in the whole atrial muscle might be involved in patients with Paf.

Atrial Fibrillation↗
PubMed1995

[Epidemiological evaluation of the protective effect for dying of stomach cancer by screening programme for stomach cancer with applying a method of case-control study--a study of a efficient screening programme for stomach cancer].

An epidemiological evaluation of the protective effect for dying of stomach cancer by screening programme for stomach cancer was conducted with applying a method of case-control study. And also in order to carry out an efficient screening programme, the age groups who should be intensively recommended to receive screening and an optimal screening time interval since the last test were analyzed. 527 cases of men and 273 of women, dying of stomach cancer in the years 1981-1989 in the Awa region of Chiba prefecture, were identified from Chiba Cancer Registry. For each case, 3 controls were drawn at random from Awa living residents (about 162000 inhabitants at 1989 national census), with being matched strictly according to the district of residence, sex and born within 3 years of birth-year. For both cases and controls, the information about the screening history until the date of diagnosis of the case in each matched set was collected respectively from comparison with the screening certification. The results showed a relative risk of 0.417 (99% CI 0.284-0.612) in ever screened men compared with never screened and 0.480 (99% CI 0.280-0.823) in women. The significant reduction in risk was intensively observed on age groups 40-74 years among men and 50-69 years among women and the protective effect continued at most in the following three years since last screening. For an efficiency of screening programme, these age groups should be intensively recommended to receive screening and it is allowable that an optimal screening time interval since last negative test is at most 3 years for general attendance.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A case of productive aspergilloma on the inner wall of a cavity, in which perbronchial fiberoptic bronchoscopy within the cavity was useful for the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation].

A 45-year-old man complaining of bloody sputum was admitted. He had been treated for pulmonary tuberculosis since October 1988. He had bloody sputum in October 1989. His chest X-ray findings showed a cavitary lesion with a thickened and irregular wall in the right upper lobe. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed white nodules on the cavity wall and the biopsy specimen from the nodule yielded a fungus granuloma. Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured from the sputum obtained after the bronchoscopy. Based on these findings, endobronchial aspergillosis and productive aspergilloma on the inner wall of a cavity was diagnosed. He was treated with oral anti-fungal drugs for 4 years. On chest X-ray films taken in June 1993, the cavity had enlarged, and the thickening and irregularity of the cavity wall had disappeared. Transbronchial fiberoptic bronchoscopy within the cavity showed whitish nodules and the cytology specimen obtained from the nodules by brushing yielded fungi, he was treated with oral itraconazol. Six months later, re-examination of the cavity revealed that the wall had become thinner and that the nodules on the inner wall had disappeared. This case illustrates the importance of bronchoscopy, in the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment of productive aspergilloma on the inner wall of a cavity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

Antitumor effects of liposomes containing adriamycin on chemically-induced rat malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma. No effective chemotherapeutic agents, however, have been reported. Here we report our evaluation of the antitumor effects of liposomes containing adriamycin (LADM) against chemically-induced rat MFH. Either free adriamycin (ADM) or LADM was administered at dosages of 4.0, 8.0 or 12.0 mg/kg by intravenous injection. The tumor responded to LADM with prolonged growth delay, but equivalent doses of free ADM were less effective. Additionally, LADM prolonged the life span of rats longer than did free ADM. Also, the body weight loss was less with LADM than with equivalent doses of free ADM. In tissue distribution studies, we observed that the ADM level in the blood and in the tumor with LADM remained higher than with free ADM. These results indicate that liposomes alter in vivo ADM tissue distribution and increase antitumor activity against rat MFH with reduced toxic side effects.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1995

[Does a tracheal bifurcation shift upward due to increased intraabdominal pressure during laparoscopic surgery?].

To evaluate the influence of increased intraabdominal pressure on a position of tracheal bifurcation, we measured the distance from the tracheal bifurcation to the tip of the endotracheal tube which is fixed on a patient's mouth during a laparoscopic surgery. The distance decreased from 3.5 +/- 1.9 to 3.1 +/- 1.9 cm (P < 0.05) at mean intraabdominal pressure of 8.7 mmHg. This result suggests that the ventilation may become difficult due to the occlusion of the tip of the endotracheal tube by a tracheal bifurcation or due to inadvertent single lung ventilation under inappropriately deep intubation.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

[Myoglobin].

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Humans↗
PubMed1995

[Primary pulmonary malignant lymphoma of the T-cell type].

A 65-year-old woman was referred to our department because of an abnormal shadow on the chest roentgenogram. The chest roentgenogram showed infiltrative shadows in the right middle and lower lung fields. The chest CT scan showed non-segmental infiltration with a hazy margin and a clear air bronchogram in the right S8 area. A transbronchial aspiration cytology specimen showed atypical lymphocytes, and a transbrochial lung biopsy specimen showed infiltration by atypical lymphocytes. Malignant lymphoma was suspected from the results of the biopsy examination, and a right middle and lower lobectomy was done. The pathological findings showed proliferative atypical lymphocytes in the alveolar and interstitial areas. Malignant lymphoma (diffuse medium cell type by LSG classification) was diagnosed and an immunohistiochemical examination showed monoclonal proliferation of T lymphocytes, which were positive for T lymphocyte surface marker (UCHL-1). Therefore, we believe this was a case of primary pulmonary malignant lymphoma of the T-cell type.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Biological and physicochemical properties of fenitrothion microcapsules as a residual spraying formulation for mosquito control.

Insecticidal properties of fenitrothion microcapsules (MC3) as a new residual spraying formulation for mosquito control were studied. Adult female Anopheles albimanus were confined so as to contact several surfaces treated with fenitrothion MC or wettable powder (WP) for 10 and 30 min. Residual efficacy of MC at the rate of 1 g/m2 was almost equivalent to that of WP at the rate of 2 g/m2 on a plywood surface and was superior to that on an unglazed pottery surface. Greater than 50% mortality was maintained for more than 28 wk after treatment by fenitrothion MC on a mud surface with 10 min of contact at the rate of 2 g/m2. The effective duration on a mud surface treated with WP was less than 44 wk with 30 min of contact and was less than 12 wk with 10 min of contact at the rate of 2 g/m2. Microcapsule particles were observed to be mechanically broken (trampled) by mosquito contact, and the amount of fenitrothion released from MC increased as contact time increased. Comparison of MC with WP and emulsifiable concentrate formulations in this study indicates that the increased residual activity results from protection from evaporation and decomposition afforded by capsule walls of the MC formulation.

Animals↗