Biomedical subjects

Xiujun Cai

Publications and source records attributed to Xiujun Cai.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

Translational control by RPL22L1-specific ribosomes enhances DNA repair and chemoresistance.

Ribosome heterogeneity has emerged as a regulatory layer in gene expression, yet its biological roles in cancers remain poorly characterized. Here, we identify RPL22L1, a paralog of the ribosomal protein RPL22, as a key modulator of DNA damage response (DDR) in colorectal cancer cells. DNA damage induces RPL22L1 upregulation and ribosomal incorporation, forming RPL22L1-specific ribosomes. Ribosome profiling reveals that RPL22L1-containing ribosomes preferentially translate mRNAs with highly structured 5' untranslated region (5'UTR). In particular, RPL22L1 enhances the translation of ATRX through a cap-independent mechanism. ATRX subsequently recruits DNA-PKcs to DNA damage sites, thereby enhancing the DNA repair capacity. RPL22L1 loss creates exploitable DDR vulnerabilities, sensitizing cancer cells to cisplatin and PARP inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these findings uncover a specialized ribosome-mediated translational program in DDR and highlight RPL22L1 as a potential therapeutic target in DDR-based cancer therapy.

DNA Repair↗

PubMed2025

Beta-catenin/sirtuin 1/farnesoid X receptor pathway promotion of portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced rapid liver regeneration.

BACKGROUND: By accelerating the regeneration of the future liver remnant, portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection allows for more extensive hepatectomy. Given that the mechanism remains poorly understood, the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration. METHODS: A portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration mouse model was established, followed by RNA microarray analysis to identify candidate molecules. Genomic deletion and chemical manipulation of target molecules were used to explore their functions in portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration. Validation was conducted using a diseased liver model and human samples. RESULTS: Portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration was significantly accelerated compared with that in sham-operated mice (P < .05). An RNA microarray revealed that Sirtuin 1 is a crucial molecule in the proliferation of the future liver remnant. Regardless of whether Sirtuin 1 is inhibited chemically or through genetic deletion, portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration is distinctly attenuated. Further investigation revealed that Sirtuin 1 promoted portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration via the farnesoid X receptor. In addition, beta-catenin also was found to participate in the process of future liver remnant proliferation. Chemical inhibition of beta-catenin markedly impaired but activation of WNT/beta-catenin mildly enhanced portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration (P < .05). Deletion of Sirtuin 1 blocked the facilitating effect of beta-catenin on portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration. These findings were validated in diseased liver models and patient samples, confirming the correlation between the beta-catenin/Sirtuin 1/farnesoid X receptor pathway and portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration. CONCLUSION: Activation of the beta-catenin/Sirtuin 1/farnesoid X receptor pathway offers critical mechanistic insights into accelerating portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration. Modulation of beta-catenin/Sirtuin 1/farnesoid X receptor may therefore improve clinical outcomes in patients receiving staged hepatectomy.

Liver Regeneration↗

PubMed2006

Upper gastrointestinal tract obstruction due to congenital duodenal diaphragm.

The presence of incomplete upper gastrointestinal obstruction in childhood is a rare condition and usually indicates congenital anomaly. We reported a case of incomplete duodenal obstruction in a 16-year-old girl due to a congenital duodenal diaphragm. A duodenal diaphragm with an eccentric aperture was found by upper gastrointestinal series and endoscopic examination in the second part of the duodenum. The patient made an uncomplicated recovery with relief of the symptoms after duodenotomy and excision of the diaphragm. This case underlines that congenital duodenal diaphragm should be kept in mind as a possibility whenever chronic obstruction of the duodenum in childhood is diagnosed. The prognosis of congenital duodenal diaphragm is usually good after excision of the diaphragm, when not associated with other congenital anomalies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

[The advance and limitation of microencapsulated grafts transplantation].

Microencapsulation of cells or tissue fragments represents a potentially effective method to prevent graft rejection in allotransplantation and xenotransplantation without the need of immunosuppression, but the functional survival of all trial grafts is still limited. Usually, graft failure is mainly interpreted as the consequence of the progressive fibrotic overgrowth of capsules, the insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrition to the encapsulated graft, and the dysfunction of the encapsulated graft induced by small proinflammatory factors. These detrimental factors are interrelatd with the microcapsules, the implanted graft, and the transplantation site. This article reviews and summarizes the advance and the limitation of microencapsulated grafts transplantation in the above-mentioned aspects.

Alginates↗

PubMed2004

A modified transcystic biliary decompression after laparoscopic choledochotomy.

BACKGROUND: Transcystic biliary decompression (TCBD) has been proposed as an alternative to T-tube placement after laparoscopic choledochotomy (LCD). This permits safe primary closure of the choledochotomy and eliminates the complication associated with T-tubes. The TCBD tube is usually secured by Roeder knots and transfixation, and removed 2 to 4 weeks after surgery. This appears to reduce the benefits of the minimal access approach. We present a new, secure TCBD method after LCD using the ureteral catheter and the Lapro-Clip (David and Geck, Danbury, Connecticut). PATIENTS AND METHODS: As of October 2002, in 19 patients after LCD, a 5 Fr ureteral catheter were inserted into the common bile duct (CBD) via the cystic duct. When in place, the catheter was secured to the cystic duct by an absorbable 12 mm Lapro-Clip and the choledochotomy was then primarily closed. RESULTS: The average postoperative output of bile via the ureteral catheter was 256 mL/day (range, 20-600 mL/day). The median postoperative hospital stay was 5 days (range, 3-7 days). The ureteral catheter was removed within 3 to 7 days after surgery. None of the patients developed early complications such as bile leak, slippage of the Lapro-Clip, occlusion, or dislodgment of the ureteral catheter. CONCLUSIONS: A modified TCBD after LCD is safe, effective, and easy to employ. With this technique, the patients can be discharged within a week without any drainage tube. We propose this method as an option for patients with CBD stones.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Binding pancreaticojejunostomy: clinical report of 150 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To study the safety and feasibility of a new operative procedure called binding pancreaticojejunostomy (BPJ) used to prevent anastomotic leakage following pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). METHODS: From 1996 to 2001, a newly developed operative procedure, binding pancreaticojejunostomy, was performed upon 150 cases undergoing PD. The remnant of pancreas was sutured with and invaginated into the jejunum, with the suture needle only penetrating the mucosa and not the seromuscular layer. The mucosa of jejunum near the pancreatic remnant was destroyed by electric coagulation or phenol. The pancreas and jejunum were bound together so that they were pressed close to each other. The clinical data were reviewed and analysed. RESULTS: The operation of BPJ was performed smoothly on all 150 patients. No pancreatic leakage occurred. CONCLUSION: The BPJ procedure is effective in avoiding anastomotic leakage following PD.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Binding pancreaticojejunostomy is a new technique to minimize leakage.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) has been the standard treatment for periampullary and pancreatic carcinoma. A leak or fistula from the pancreatic anastomosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy. In order to effectively prevent the development of pancreatic fistulae, we designed a special technique called binding pancreaticojejunostomy, by which 3 cm of the serosa-muscular sheath of the jejunum was bound to the pancreatic remnant. We have performed this procedure in 105 consecutive patients; none of the cases developed pancreatic fistula. It is a safe, simple, and efficient technique.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed2002

Hypertonic saline solution resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To find out the optimal concentration, infusion rate and dosage of saline for resuscitation. METHODS: Forty-five dogs were used to establish hypovolemic shock models. The dogs were resuscitated with saline of different concentrations and different dosages under different infusion rates, and the resuscitation results were compared. RESULTS: The best concentration was 7.5%, the best rate of infusion 20 ml/min (a volume equivalent to 15% of the shed blood) and the best dosage 5.71 ml/kg. The method was effective for resuscitation, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) could be elevated to 89% of the baseline, and this MAP could be kept for more than one hour. CONCLUSIONS: Using 7.5% sodium chloride solution equivalent to 15% of the shed blood at an infusion rate of 20 ml/min can achieve a best resuscitation result.

Animals↗