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Biomedical subjects

X Zhu

Publications and source records attributed to X Zhu.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[A clinical review of 700 cases of coronary artery bypass grafting].

To assess the changing trends in patients profiles, operative procedures, and the result of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) we reviewed the clinical data of 700 consecutive patients who had anisolated CABG (471, 67.3%), CABG combined with left ventricular aneurysm (170, 24.29%), CABG and valve procedures (48, 6.9%), CABG and ventricular septal defect repair (16, 2.3%) at the Fuwai Hospital. The patients were divided into group A (recent three years) and group B (before 1993). The incidence was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, ventricular dysfunction, left main stem coronary artery disease and three vessles lesion. There was a high incidence of hypertension (41.3%), old myocardiac infarction (36.4%), combined left ventricular aneurysm (24.29%) and IABP needed (9.4%), however no significantl difference was notes between the two groups. Internal mammary artery was used in group A (25.6%) and group B (2.6%) (P < 0.005). The hospital mortality (group A, 2.7% and group B, 9.6%) and perioperative myocarial infarction (group A, 3.2% and group B, 9.0%) decreased significantly (P < 0.005). We conclude that despite a high incidence of hypertension, diabetes, hypercholoesterolemia, old myocardial infarction, ventricular dysfunction and diffuse coronary artery disease the patients tolerate CABG surgery well and obtain a good result.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Insulin receptors in diabetes mellitus].

We described the clinical significance of the measurement of insulin receptors and the mechanism of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Changes in insulin receptor (IR) of red blood cells in 47 patients with NIDDM were compared with those of 28 normal controls. The levels of high and low-affinity IR in the 47 patients with NIDDM were lower than those of normal controls and were prominent in untreated new NIDDM patients. Hyperinsulinemia was not found in these patients, indicating that the low IR is a primary defect not caused by the "down regulation" mechanism. In the IDDM patients the levels of high and low-affinity IR were higher than those of the normal controls, but decreased markedly after insulin therapy, indicating that the "up regulation" is attributable to the high IR levels, other than the primary IR defect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Plasma levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide before and after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty].

The level of plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in 30 patients with mitral stenosis (MS) was measured before and after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV). The results showed that CGRP level in MS patients was significantly lower than that in controls (P < 0.001) and increased after PBMV (P < 0.001); There was significant positive or negative correlation between CGRP level and cardiac index (P < 0.01) or ET level, mean pulmonary artery pressure, mean right and left atrial pressure (P < 0.001 respectively). It is suggested that CGRP may play an important role in the pathophysiological process of MS, and the level of CGRP before and after PBMV may be a good parameter for evaluating the severity of MS and effect of PBMV.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Applied anatomy of the submental island flap].

To observe the anatomy of the island flap based on the submental vessels for clinical applications, the blood supply in the submental region was studied on 51 cadavers by microsurgical dissection and dye injection. It was found that the submental region is supplied by the submental artery, which is a constant branch of the facial artery (100% rate of occurrence). The vessel was 60.0 +/- 7.9 mm in length with a diameter of 1.75 +/- 0.15 mm (mean +/- s) at its origin. There were rich anastomoses between submental arteries of both sides. Based on the reliable pedicle, the flap dimension can be as large as 130 mm x 65 mm.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Effects of the glucoprotein component of musk on the functions of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes activated by fMLP in vitro].

To investigate the effects of musk-1, a glucoprotein component isolated from the water extract of musk, on the release of superoxide anion as well as beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes activated by fMLP. An in vitro incubation system with rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes was used. Superoxide anion production was determined by cytochrome C reduction. beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme release was quantitated by enzyme reactions in which phenolphthaleinglucuronic acid and micrococcus lysodeikticus were as the substrates, respectively. In comparison with control, musk-1 at final concentrations of 1-100 micrograms/ml can increase superoxide anion production by 23.0%-83.6% and decrease beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme release by 7%-47% and 9%-22%, respectively, in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It is concluded that Musk-1 can significantly affect the functions of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Therefore, inhibition of lysosomal enzyme release might be considered as one of the mechanisms of anti-inflammatory role of musk.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Sequence of HLA-DQA1 promoter region in the Han people].

Polymorphism of HLA-DQA1 promoter region (QAP) in the Han people has been identified. The results revealed a number of differences, some of which are in the critical class II boxes, and generally conserved in HLA-DQA1 promoter region. The major differences occurred in the X box, Y box and S box. Within the X box, the Hans carry a A at position -111, instead of a G, and a G or a A can be present at position -98. Within the S box, the Hans carry a G at position -131. Within the Y box, position -71 is a A rather than a G. Some single base substitutions have been detected from IDDM patients at the 5'-flanking region of the S box and between X box and Y box. Particularly, the insertion of CCA bases has been identified at the position between -157 and -158 in a IDDM patient. These data suggest that the polymorphism of HLA-DQA1 promoter region may play a role in susceptibility to IDDM.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Effects of PGMS on the functions of human platelets and endothelial cells].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Propylene glycol mannte sulfate (PGMS), a heparin-like substance on the functions of platelets and endothelial cells. METHODS: Using 125I labeled monoclonal antibody to measure the expression of GMP-140 on the surface of human platelets; and using naphthol blue black stain method to study the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMG). RESULTS: PGMS significantly inhibited thrombin stimulated expression of GMP-140 on the surface of human platelets. IC50 was 127 micrograms/ml. Indomethacin also inhibited GMP-140 expression, but its effect was weaker than that of PGMS with the IC50 of 502 micrograms/ml. PGMS did not affect the growth of HUVSMC. On the contrary, it significantly promoted the growth of HUVEC at very low concentration (1.6 micrograms/ml). CONCLUSIONS: PGMS showes anticoagulative effects on both platelets and endothelial cells and it might well be developed as a new antithrombotic and anticoagulateve agent.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1997

[Study on the association of HLA-DR4 with IDDM susceptibility in a Chinese population].

HLA-DR4 and its subtypes were studied by PCP/SSP, PCR/SSOP, and PCR/RFLP methods in 81 patients with IDDM and 106 normal controls in the Han's nationality Chinese population. The results showed no difference in frequencies of DR4 between the IDDM group and the controls (21.0% vs 17.9%), but DRB1*0405, as a subtype Dw15, was significantly associated with IDDM susceptibility (58.8% vs 21.1%, RR = 2.67, P < 0.05). In a family with 2 IDDM patients, it has been found the haplotype DRB1*0405-DQB1*0302 was to be cosegregated with IDDM. It was suggested that DW15 subtype might be associated with IDDM in Chinese because of linkage disequilibrium with DQw8 (DQB1*0302). As an additional evidence, the findings above mentioned may account for the different association of different DR4 subtypes with IDDM in various ethnic groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[The study of effects of immunologic modifier on proliferation and cytotoxicity against HEP-2 of LAK cells in vitro].

Adoptive immunotherapy as a new approach has been used to treat advanced carcinoma for almost ten years, and gained some good results. However, the application of this method is largely restricted by the side effects along with high dose of IL-2 and lack of sufficient amount of LAK cells. Mycobacterial Polysaccharides (MPS) and anti-CD3 antibodies (CD3Ab) have been demonstrated to be effective immunologic modifiers capable of proliferating lymphocytes and increasing cytotoxity against tumor cells. In this article we discussed the effects of MPS and CD3Ab on proliferation and cytotoxity against HEP-2 cells of LAK cells. Our results showed that: 1. MPS group (incubating IL-2 2 x 10(5)/L plus MPS 0.4 mg/L) or CD3 group (IL-2 1 x 10(6)/L plus CD3Ab 4 mg/L) were more proliferative than LAK group (only incubated with IL-2 1 x 10(6)/L). MPS group is the most proliferative in the three groups, P < 0.05. 2. Cytotoxity against HEP-2 in MPS or CD3 group was also better than in LAK group. CD3 group could maintain good cytotoxity in the longest period. These results could provide guidance for adoptive immunotherapy assisted by MPS or CD3Ab.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1997

[Preliminay studies on polyvinyl alcohol gel and its transderman therapeutic system].

By pouring-cooling method, five kinds of hydrophilic gels (starch, agar, gelatin, CMC-Na and PVA) were prepared. The characteristics of preparation, tenacity and elasticiey were compared. Taking the PVA gel which features better characteristics as the carrier a plaster of verapamine hydrochloride and a traditional Chinese antitussive and expectorant in the form of plaster were prepared. The behavior of drug-releasing in vitro and curative effect were preliminarily studied. The results show that the PVA gel may be a fine carrier for transdermal therapeutic system.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1997

[The observation on treatment effects of local adoptive immunotherapy in 33 cases with head and neck cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate treatment effects of local adoptive immunotherapy in 33 cases with head and neck cancer. METHODS: IL-2 1 x 10(5)-2 x 10(5) U per day was injected into tumor for 10 days; during the 4th-8th day LAK cells 1.0 x 10(8)-5.0 x 10(8) per day were combined with IL-2 injection. Then we analysized clinical effect, immunopathology, side effects, etc. RESULTS: CR was seen in 1 case; PR in 6, MR in 20 cases, and SD in 6 cases. The one-, two- and three-year survival rate was 96.3%, 83.3% or 75.0% respectively. The results of histopathology showed that there were large amount of T lymphocytes (CD3+/4+) infiltrating in the tumor area after immunotherapy. No serious side effects were found during the course of the treatment. CONCLUSION: Local injection of IL-2/LAK can be used as immunotherapy for head and neck cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Inhibitory effect of 7 agents on bovine testis aldose reductase].

The inhibitory effects of seven agents on aldose reductase were studied by enzymatic kinetics using the purified enzyme from bovine testis, sorbinil, tolrestat, silybin and berberini were found to exhibit a marked enzyme-inhibitory effect with Ki values of 1.08 mumol/L, 0.12 mumol/L, 3.5 micrograms/ml, and 2.7 micrograms/ml respectively. The established assay system described in this paper may be useful in screening aldose reductase inhibitors.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1997

[The effect of glucoprotein component of musk on arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes].

To investigate the effects of musk-1, a glucoprotein component isolated from the water extract of musk, on arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes, which include phospholipase A2(PLA2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), and cyclooxygenase (COX), in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes, an in vitro incubation system with rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes or homogenate supernatant of the same cells was used. In comparison with control, musk-1 at final concentrations of 1-100 micrograms/ml can increase AA release from PMNL by 6.0%-21.6%, decrease LTB4 biosynthesis in homogenate supernatant of the cells by 9%-81%, but increase 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production by 18.2%-85.4%.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1997

The determinative role of intraoperative echo in tricuspid valvuloplasty.

A transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was used in monitoring the operation of tricuspid valvuloplasty. Nine patients with rheumatic heart disease were studied. The results showed that intraoperative TEE was important on the improving method of tricuspid annuloplasty, it help to determine surgical procedure, control annulus-reducing procedure and assess the result immediately after operation. The results suggested that intraoperative TEE can be widely used in valvuloplasty in future.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Partial nucleotide sequencing of hepatitis E virus isolated from sera of patients with acute sporadic hepatitis E in China].

28 hepatitis E virus (HEV) cDNA isolates were obtained from 41 sera of patients with acute sporadic hepatitis E (HE) in Shenzhen, Changchun and Hangzhou by a reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) and 3 of the 28 RT-nPCR products of HEV cDNA ORF2 region were sequenced. The nucleotide homology of these three HEV isolates was 80.2%, 79.9% and 79.4%, respectively, as compared with the Maxico strain of HEV (M); 93.4%, 92.3% and 93.8% with the Burma epidemic strain of HEV(B) (Ep); 95.5%, 93.9% and 95.1% with the Burma sporadic strain of HEV(B) (Sp); 97.0%, 96.5% and 95.9% with the Xinjiang epidemic strain of HEV CH 1.1. It is demonstrated that these three isolates of HEV obtained from sera of acute sporadiic hepatitis E cases have a higher degree of homology with the Xinjiang strain of HEV CH 1.1 and the Burma strain of HEV(B). The data indicate that these three HEV isolates may belong to HEV(B) subtype, as the HEV CH 1.1 does.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

[The study of relation of the retention indices of n-alkenes with their molecular structure].

When the difference values between the retention indices of homologous series of n-alkenes and that of n-alkanes with the same carbon number were plotted with the number of carbon atoms in the molecule, it can be seen that the curve is nearly an exponential curve. We proposed an accurate formula to predict the retention indices of homologous series of n-alkenes. The retention indices of a total of 99 C12-C16 n-alkenes on capillary columns with stationary phase of Squalane, PFE and PEG-4000 were calculated. The standard deviations of the retention indices were +/-0.9-+/-1.5 index units. When the retention indices of n-alkenes with the same carbon numbers and the same geometric structure were plotted with the positions of the double bond in the molecule, it can be seen that the curve is also approximately an exponential curve. Therefore, we put forward an exact formula to predict the retention indices of the n-alkenes. The universality of the formula is demonstrated by predicting a total of 178 retention indices of C15-C18 n-alkenes on capillary columns with stationary phases of C87 hydrocarbon, Apiezonl L, CW-20M. The standard deviations of retention indices were +/-0.9-+/-1.2 index units.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1997

[Health assessment on safe treatment of night-soil on schistosomiasis endemic areas].

The family size biogas tanks were built in the study site. Their effects were monitored. Faecal coliform and parasite eggs were examined before and after biogas digestion. The results of whole-year operation indicate that faecal coliform and parasite eggs can be reduced by 99.7% and 99.8%, respectively. The schistosome eggs survival experiment showed that the eggs all died off in 100 days of retention in biogas tanks. Therefore, the appropriate technology of nightsoil treatment can effectively interrupt the life cycle of schistosome.

Animals↗