Thirty-one cases of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the intestine were investigated. Twenty-one were of B-cell and 10 of T-cell origin. The B-cell lymphomas comprised two cases of low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), one of centroblastic/centrocytic type, three of high-grade B-cell lymphoma coexisting with a low-grade B-cell lymphoma of MALT, nine of centroblastic, three of immunoblastic and three of Burkitt type. Of the T-cell lymphomas, eight were of pleomorphic medium-to large-sized cell type and two of large cell anaplastic type. All the B-cell lymphomas expressed CD20 (L26) and/or Ki-B5; in six there was monotypic immunoglobulin light chain restriction. Membrane positivity for CD45RO (UCHL1) was observed in the 10 cases of T-cell lymphoma, but the tumour cells did not express monocyte-macrophage markers. Clinically, the patients with T-cell lymphomas were usually young males with constitutional symptoms and their prognosis was significantly worse than those of patients with intestinal B-cell lymphoma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Hepatitis B virus surface antigen binds to apolipoprotein H.

We have previously demonstrated that a plasma membrane-enriched fraction isolated from human liver is capable of binding recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (rHBsAg) (P. Pontisso, M. A. Petit, M. Bankowski, and M. E. Peeples, J. Virol. 63:1981-1988, 1989). In this study we have separated the plasma membrane proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and used a ligand-blotting technique to identify a 46-kDa rHBsAg-binding protein. This protein could be removed from the membranes with a weakly acidic buffer, implying that it is peripherally bound. Examination of human serum revealed that the 46-kDa binding protein is a serum protein. Isolation of plasma lipoproteins revealed that the binding protein is in part associated with chylomicrons and high-density lipoproteins, both of which are targeted to the hepatocyte during the normal course of lipid metabolism. The binding protein was identified as apolipoprotein H (apo H), also known as beta 2-glycoprotein I, on the basis of copurification of the rHBsAg-binding activity with the apo H protein and the ability of cDNA-expressed apo H to bind rHBsAg. Serum-derived HBsAg also binds to apo H, indicating that binding is not unique to rHBsAg. Binding is saturable, requires only the small S protein of rHBsAg, and is inhibited by excess rHBsAg, antibodies to HBsAg, and antibodies to apo H. The binding activity of apo H is destroyed upon reduction, indicating that 1 or more of its 22 disulfide bonds are required for interaction with rHBsAg. The possibility that an interaction between hepatitis B virus particles and lipoprotein particles may facilitate entry of the virus into hepatocytes is discussed.

Apolipoproteins↗

PubMed1994

A poxvirus protein with a RING finger motif binds zinc and localizes in virus factories.

Shope fibroma virus (SFV) is a Leporipoxvirus closely related to the highly virulent myxoma virus. The DNA sequence of the BamHI N fragment of the SFV DNA genome was determined, and the single complete open reading frame (N1R) was characterized. The protein encoded by the N1R gene was found to contain a C3HC4 RING finger motif at the C terminus. This C3HC4 motif is the hallmark of a growing family of proteins, many of which are involved in regulation of gene expression, DNA repair, or DNA recombination. Complete homologs of the SFV N1R gene were also detected in variola virus, myxoma virus, and vaccinia virus strain IHD-W. In contrast, the gene is completely absent from vaccinia virus strain Copenhagen, and in vaccinia virus strain WR, the open reading frame is truncated prior to the zinc binding domain because of an 11-bp deletion, thus producing a frameshift and premature stop codon. Recombinant N1R protein from SFV was expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to bind zinc in a specific manner. Using fluorescence microscopy to visualize a peptide epitope tag (derived from ICP27 of herpes simplex virus) fused to the N terminus of the poxvirus proteins, we observed that the N1R protein of SFV and its homologs in myxoma virus and vaccinia virus IHD-W were localized primarily to the virus factories in the cytoplasm of infected cells and, to a lesser degree, the host cell nucleus. The truncated protein of vaccinia virus strain WR failed to localize in this manner but instead was observed throughout the cytoplasm.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1994

The Drosophila l(2)35Ba/nocA gene encodes a putative Zn finger protein involved in the development of the embryonic brain and the adult ocellar structures.

The Drosophila l(2)35Ba/nocA gene is involved in the development of the adult ocelli and the embryonic head. Mutations in this gene lead to at least two distinct phenotypes. Several larva lethal l(2)35Ba alleles cause both hypertrophy and mislocation of the embryonic supraesophageal ganglion (brain) to the dorsal surface of the embryo. A second class of mutant alleles (nocA) is homozygous viable, but the surviving adults either lack or have greatly reduced ocelli and associated bristles. The l(2)35Ba/nocA gene encodes an approximately 3.0-kb transcript doublet; all l(2)35Ba alleles which have been physically mapped delete or disrupt the transcribed region, whereas all of the viable nocA alleles are caused by gross chromosomal aberrations with breakpoints near the 3'-flanking region of the gene. Several nocA breakpoint alleles downregulate the level of l(2)35Ba/nocA transcripts in adults, and their defective ocellar phenotype also fails to be complemented by the lethal alleles, implying that l(2)35Ba and nocA are different phenotypic manifestations of mutations in the same gene. In the l(2)35Ba mutant embryos, cells from the procephalic lobe which normally migrate over and overlie the supraesophageal ganglion during head involution can become incorporated into the supraesophageal ganglion; many of these misplaced cells, which normally form the frontal sac, also adopt a neuronal fate. Sequence analysis of two full-length l(2)35Ba/nocA cDNAs with distinct polyadenylation sites shows that they encode the same deduced protein of 537 amino acids with a serine- and threonine-rich N-terminal region, two putative zinc finger motifs near the carboxyl terminus, and several alanine-rich domains. Consistent with the observed embryonic phenotype, l(2)35Ba/nocA shows a complex embryonic expression pattern which includes the procephalic lobe.

Aging↗

PubMed1994

Images in cardiovascular medicine. Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava treated by percutaneous balloon angioplasty.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages by oxidized low-density lipoproteins.

Uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by monocyte/macrophages to form "foam" cells has been implicated in atherogenesis. Activated monocyte/macrophages synthesize nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. NO is cytotoxic, antiproliferative, and a vasodilator that inhibits platelet and monocyte adhesion. NO synthase mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity were induced in J774.A1 macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide and gamma interferon. When macrophages were incubated with oxidized LDL for 24 hours and activated, there was a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of NO synthesis, assessed as nitrite accumulation in the media. When activated cells were incubated with nontoxic doses of lipoprotein (25 micrograms/mL), neither native LDL nor acetyl LDL inhibited NO production, whereas oxidized LDL produced 50% inhibition. Levels of enzyme protein were unchanged by Western blot. Inhibition was a function of the degree of oxidation of LDL but was independent of cholesteryl esterification by the cells. Incubations of oxidized LDL with cells that had been pretreated with dextran sulfate or cytochalasin B yielded no evidence that inhibition was dependent on the scavenger receptor or directed endocytosis. Kinetic studies of inducible NO synthase from J774.A1 cells that were incubated with increasing doses of oxidized LDL indicated a pattern of noncompetitive inhibition. Inhibition of the enzyme was produced by lipids extracted from oxidized LDL but not by lipids extracted from native LDL. Because phosphatidylcholine (PC) is converted to lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) during the oxidation of LDL, the effects of LPC were investigated. PC vesicles containing LPC did not inhibit enzyme activity but produced modest reductions in nitrite accumulation from cells. In contrast, PC vesicles had no significant effect. The data indicate that oxidized LDL lipid inhibits the activity of inducible NO synthase in activated macrophages. NO production by this enzyme and its inhibition by oxidized LDL lipid may influence cell-to-cell interactions and vasomotor tone in atherosclerotic blood vessels.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗

PubMed1994

Induction of myocardial nitric oxide synthase by cardiac allograft rejection.

Cardiac transplantation, effective therapy for end-stage heart failure, is frequently complicated by allograft rejection, the mechanisms of which remain incompletely understood. Nitric oxide (NO), a vasodilator which is cytotoxic and negatively inotropic, can be produced in large amounts by an inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in response to cytokines. To investigate whether iNOS is induced during cardiac allograft rejection, hearts from Lewis or Wistar-Furth rats were transplanted into Lewis recipients. At day 5, allogeneic grafts manifested reduced contractility and histologic evidence of rejection (inflammatory infiltrate, edema, necrosis of myocytes). The mRNA for iNOS and iNOS protein were detected in ventricular homogenates and in isolated cardiac myocytes from rejecting allogeneic grafts but not in tissue and myocytes from syngeneic control grafts. Immunocytochemistry showed increased iNOS staining in infiltrating macrophages and in microvascular endothelial cells and cardiac muscle fibers and also in isolated purified cardiac myocytes from the rejecting allografts. Using a myocardial cytosolic iNOS preparation, nitrite formation from L-arginine and [3H] citrulline formation from [3H]L-arginine were increased significantly in the rejecting allogeneic grafts (P < 0.01). Myocardial cyclic GMP was also increased significantly (P < 0.05). The data indicate myocardial iNOS mRNA, protein and enzyme activity are induced in infiltrating macrophages and cardiac myocytes of the rejecting allogeneic grafts. Synthesis of NO by iNOS may contribute to myocyte necrosis and ventricular failure during cardiac allograft rejection.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗

PubMed1994

Evidence of a steroidogenic enzyme gene dose effect on adrenal gene expression in hereditary rabbit congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

We previously reported the gene deletion encoding cytochrome P-450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P-450SCC, resulting in complete elimination of the adrenal gene expression and causing congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the rabbit. Using the rabbit congenital adrenal hyperplasia model, we investigated the wild type (wt) P-450SCC gene dose effect on gene expression in three P-450SCC genotype animals [wt/wt, wt/mutant (mt), mt/mt] identified by Southern blot analysis. Northern blots using a rabbit P-450SCC cDNA probe revealed no detectable P-450SCC mRNA in individual adrenals of animals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (mt/mt) and approximately half or slightly less than half the levels of the mRNA in the pooled adrenals of five heterozygous (wt/mt) newborn animals compared with the mRNA levels in the pooled adrenals of five homozygous normal (wt/wt) newborn animals. Identical P-450SCC mRNA levels were found individual adrenals of adult animals with regard to the P-450SCC genotype, although at a higher expression level than in the newborn animals of the same genotype. Control Northern blots using human CPY21-B cDNA and cytoplasmic actin cDNA probes confirmed the accuracy and integrity of RNA. Western immunoblotting using anti-ovine P-450SCC antibody revealed decreased P-450SCC protein in the adrenals of wt/mt animals at approximately half the level of the P-450SCC protein in the adrenals of the wt/wt animals. Baseline and ACTH-stimulated serum corticosterone (B) levels in vivo were similar between the age-matched wt/mt and wt/wt animals, whereas ACTH-stimulated B levels in adult animals were higher than those in the newborn animals irrespective of P-450SCC genotype.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenal Glands↗

PubMed1994

Microwave ablation of the atrioventricular junction in vivo and ventricular myocardium in vitro and in vivo. Effects of varying power and duration on lesion volume.

Catheter ablation in ventricular tachycardia has achieved only limited success using direct current (DC) and radiofrequency (RF) energy, due to either high complication rates or a limited lesion size. Microwave energy represents a possible alternative source of energy for percutaneous ablation of the ventricular myocardium. However, an optimal method for titration of the dose of microwave energy to achieve the desired lesion volume has not yet been established. The safety and efficacy of microwave ablation of the atrioventricular (AV) junction were studied in 11 dogs in vivo. The relationship between lesion size following microwave ablation and the power output of or exposure duration to microwave energy was also examined at disparate sites in each superfused left ventricular epicardium in vitro. To observe the pathologic changes in the myocardium after microwave ablation, microwave ablation of the endocardium of the left ventricle was carried out in 9 dogs in vivo. Complete AV block was achieved in 10 of the above 11 dogs with a mean of 5 applications of microwave energy. The lesion volume in vitro demonstrated a parallel increase with power (r = 0.76) and duration (r = 0.81). The mean lesion volume at 30 sec was: at 10W, 0.8 +/- 1.6; 20 W, 34.7 +/- 10.3; 30 W, 34.7 +/- 22.4: 40 W, 64.7 +/- 64.4; 50 W, 87.2 +/- 42.3; 60 W, 85.8 +/- 38.1; 70 W, 124.7 +/- 36.5; 80 W, 134.2 +/- 49.0 mm3. The mean lesion volume at 80 W was: at 15 sec, 32.6 +/- 37.8; 30 sec, 101.2 +/- 46.4; 60 sec, 180.6 +/- 80.1; 120 sec, 291.8 +/- 122.7; and 180 sec, 459.3 +/- 204.6 mm3. The ablated lesions showed discrete, homogeneous coagulation necrosis with sharp margins from the adjacent normal myocardium. Microwave energy may thus be more effective than RF energy, and have a lower risk of complications and arrhythmogenesis than DC energy when used for ablation in ventricular tachycardia.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Modern TCM education in Shanghai].

Shanghai is a main base of the education of Chinese medicine (TCM) in modern time. A good many of famous TCM doctors, as well as TCM colleges or schools may be found in Shanghai. Many specialists and scholars of TCM gathered in Shanghai. The conditions of running TCM schools on Shanghai during 1840-1948 was introduced briefly, especially for the course and characteristic of the foundation of Shanghai Specialized School of TCM, the Chinese Medical College, the Shanghai Medicine College, the New China College of TCM and four private schools of TCM. In addition, the conditions of the correspondence schools of Shanghai in modern time were also introduced.

China↗

PubMed1994

[The biological properties of two CD71 McAbs].

Two monoclonal antibodies (McAbs), HI160 and HI166, recognize different epitopes of the CD71 antigen. Their biological properties have been studied, and the results demonstrated that both had down-regulation effects. HI160 McAb not only inhibited the activation and proliferation of T and B lymphocytes but also the growth of CFU-GM. HI166 McAb only inhibited the activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes. The differences in the biological properties of the two CD71 McAbs might be due to the different epitopes recognized by them. The application value of these McAbs is discussed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1994

["Moist burn ointment" brought about multiple systemic complications in children with burns].

From January 1990 to December 1992, twenty-one burned children, who were treated with "Moist burn ointment", were transferred to our hospital after the occurrence of invasive infection, multiple systemic complications or electrolyte disorder. The age ranged from 1 to 5 years. The total burn area ranged 5-30 per cent (mean 16.0 +/- 5.8 per cent) of the body surface area. All patients exhibited complications of two or more systems and electrolytic disorder when they were admitted. Of the 21 patients, 4 died. We believed that the severe infection of burn wounds, resulted from the application of "Moist burn ointment" was the main factor of causing multiple organ damage. Therefore, it is suggested that the "Moist burn ointment" should be used with great caution.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1994

[Breast-feeding by mothers with positive serum hepatitis B virus test].

Sixty one samples of colostrum from mothers with positive serum Hepatitis B virus (HBV) test were collected and determined for serial HBV markers along with HBV DNA. Results showed that HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBc were most likely transferred by milk, while anti-HBs and anti-HBe had less possibility to enter the colostrum (P < 0.01). The overall HBV DNA positive rate was 42.6% in the 61 samples. The various HBV markers detected in mothers' serum presented a high consistency with those discovered in the corresponding milk samples. There were significantly higher rate of milk HBV transmission from mothers with serum positive HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBc or either one of them than those with positive for anti-HBs and/or anti-HBe.

Breast Feeding↗

PubMed1994

[Establishment of mouse model for Cysticercosis cellulosae].

Sixty mice were inoculated intravenously with 200-400 Taenia solium eggs collected from the gravid proglottides of the adult worm expelled from a taeniasis patient after pumpkin seed and areca treatment. The mice were killed and dissected 2 months after inoculation, and were found infected with Cysticercus cellulosae. These living cysticerci in muscles and lungs were elliptic in shape with diameters of 0.3-0.6 cm. The scolex was equipped with two rows of hooks and four typical suckers. When the cysticerci were hatched in gastric juice and bile for two hours at 37 degrees C the scoleces evaginated voluntarily. The results of this study suggest that the mouse can be used as an animal model for Cysticercus cellulosae.

Animals↗