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Biomedical subjects

X W Li

Publications and source records attributed to X W Li.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Quantitative comparison of mu opioid receptor mRNA in selected CNS regions of alcohol naive rats selectively bred for high and low alcohol drinking.

We combined solution hybridization, ribonuclease protection and microdissection techniques to quantitatively compare the anatomical distribution of mu receptor mRNA in discrete brain regions of alcohol naive rats selectively bred for high and low alcohol drinking (HAD and LAD lines, respectively). The solution hybridization assay is highly sensitive and can detect mu opioid receptor mRNA in a 100-fold linear range from 4 to 421 amol. HAD and LAD rats exhibited a similar level of mu receptor mRNA in all central nervous system (CNS) regions examined except for the inferior colliculus. Our data suggest that the steady-state level of mu receptor mRNA is not associated with genetic differences in alcohol drinking behavior.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1997

[Study of controlling acute hemorrhage from esophageal varices using adhesion technique of traditional Chinese medicine].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to find a method making the traditional Chinese medicine adhesion to the esophageal membrane for controlling bleeding esophageal varices. METHODS: The position and time that the medicine attached in the esophagus were observed in 30 healthy volunteers under the condition of erect and lying position. Thirty-seven cases with bleeding esophageal varices were treated by this technique. RESULTS: The medicine of adhesion was attached in the segment of esophagus more than 15 minutes under the condition of lying position. The effective rate of controlling bleeding esophageal varices was no statistical differences between the ballon temponade and our technique (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This technique is a new approach to control hemorrhage from esophageal varices.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed1997

Phase II trial in China of a new, rapidly-acting and effective oral antimalarial, CGP 56697, for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

One hundred and two Chinese out-patients with naturally acquired, previously untreated, falciparum malaria were selected to evaluate the efficacy of a new combination anti-malaria therapy, CGP 56697 (artemether plus benflumetol). In this open non-comparative trial each patient received a combination of 80 mg artemether and 480 mg benflumetol given orally at 0, 8, 24 and 48 hours (total: 320 mg artemether, 1,920 mg benflumetol). Patients were kept for 28 days in a transmission-free hospital in an area with chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria to prevent reinfection and to aid diagnosis of recrudescence. Progress and possible adverse effects were monitored by blood film parasitology, blood biochemistry assays, urinalysis, ECG and X-ray. Ninety-eight of the 102 patients were shown to be free of infection at 28 days, a 96.1% cure rate. Parasite reduction at 24 hours was 99.4%. Time to effect complete parasite clearance ranged from 24 to 54 hours (median 30 hours). Time for fever clearance ranged from 6 to 78 hours (median 18 hours). Recrudescence was low (3.9%). No significant adverse side-effects were encountered. It is concluded that CGP 56697, a combination anti-malaria therapy of artemether with benflumetol, offered a rapid and highly effective treatment for acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria in an area of chloroquine-resistant malaria in China.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

[Preliminary study of microbiocide effect and its mechanism of electrolyzed oxidizing water].

Electrolyzed Oxidizing water (EO Water) is characterized by possessing higher oxidizing reduction potential (ORP), lower pH value and oxidizing potential. Under conditions of free organic matter, it was tested for microbiocide efficacy in laboratory. The results showed that EO water could completely kill all of the staphylococcus aureus and E. coli within 15 seconds, while for completely killing of spores of Bacillus subtilis Var. niger it would take 10 min. When it was used to destroy the antigenicity of HBsAg, 30 seconds was needed. The ORP and pH values of EO water were not obviously changed when stored in room-temperature with, airtight and light-free conditions for three weeks. Distilled water and physiological saline had little influence on the ORP and pH value of EO water, but organic matters and phosphates had greater influence upon the two values.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1996

[Diet effect on fiberoptic colonoscopic examination].

In order to study the diet effect on fiber colonoscopic examination, sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty patients took food during the period of intesternal preparation, the control group were fasting, then the colonoscopic examination was taken. The result showed that taking food during the period of intesternal preparation not only has no affection on the examination but also enhanced the compliance of colonoscopic examination.

Colonoscopy↗
PubMed1996

[Experimental observation on microbicidal activity of a complex glutaraldehyde disinfectant].

The microbicidal activity of a complex glutaraldehyde disinfectant was observed. The result showed that when the temperature of the test was 20 degrees C and 10% calf serum were added to the bacterial suspensions 2% diluted solution of the disinfectant for a two-minute contact could kill 99.99% of Staphylococcus aureus, and 1% diluted solution for two minutes could kill 99.99% of E. coli. The undiluted disinfectant with five-minute contact time could destroy the antigenicity of HBsAg. The undiluted disinfectant with thirty-five minute contact and 50% diluted solution with forty-five minute contact time could completely kill the spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger under 50 degrees C. It was discovered that the germicidal concentration of the disinfectant was four times as high as the inhibition concentration and the used concentration determinal with capacity test was four times higher than as germicidal concentration when the three concentrations were compared. This result indicated that selection of suitable inactivator was very important. The practical concentration of disinfectant should be decided under the basis of the result from capacity test.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Report on 100 cases of rheumatic mitral valve disease treated with the valvuloplasty technique].

100 cases of RMVD underwent MVP successfully among 104 RMVD patients (utilization of MVP: 96%). The lesions included: MS in 31 cases, MI in 9, both in 60. preoperative cardiac function status was class III to IV in 94 cases. There were 6 early deaths and 6 late deaths (follow-up: 0.5-3.5 years). Postoperative cardiac function in 82 cases (93.2%) improved to class I to II. The authors focus their discussion on specific surgical technique and consider full functional recovery of mitral apparatus is the key for the success in MVP. The refined technique of removal of calcium deposits and thinning out of the proliferative fibrosis of the diseased valve have greatly increased the utilization of MVP. Eight standards in judgement to produce satisfactory mitral function under direct vision are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Effects of alpha-ketoacids therapy on protein metabolism and secondary hyperparathyroidism in predialysis patients].

The effects of alpha-ketoacids (alpha-KA) on azotemia, plasma amino acids concentrations, nitrogen balance, serum Ca, PO4 and iPTH levels in 22 predialysis patients were investigated. The results showed that BUN and serum phosphate levels decreased significantly, plasma essential amino acids levels, nitrogen balance and serum calcium levels were improved after 6-8 weeks of alpha-KA therapy. The serum iPTH levels were reduced markedly three months after alpha-KA treatment and maintained lower ten months later.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[A report on therapy of interferon-A2b in patients with acute hepatitis C].

Sixteen patients with acute hepatitis C having a duration of illness more than three months without recovery were randomly assigned to treatment with interferon (IFN). 8 patients received 3 million units a day during the first week and 3 million units every other day for the following 11 weeks. Another 8 patients were given 3 million units every other day for 12 weeks. An additional 16 patients were chosen as controls. The effect of IFN therapy was 93.8% in the treated group and only 12.5% in the control group (P < 0.005). Among 11 patients who completed the course of therapy, only one had a recurrence in a follow-up of 18-86 weeks, while 13 of the 14 patients in the control group showed persistent liver damage. It is concluded that therapy with IFN can reduce the risk of chronic infection in patients with acute HCV infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Studies on the strain differences of Schistosoma japonicum in the mainland of China. VII. Genetic variation and differentiation of five isolates].

Electrophoretic techniques have been used to survey five different field-collected isolates (i.e., Anhui, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan and Yunnan) of S. japonicum from the mainland of China for genetic variation at 7 isozymes markers representing 9 loci. Polymorphic loci were observed for LDH-1, LDH-2, MDH and PGM, respectively, the proportion of polymorphic loci being 44.4%. Average heterozygosity varied between 0.223 and 0.425, with a mean of 0.332. Nei's genetic distance (D) among the populations of 5 isolates gave values between 0.001 and 0.039 with an average of 0.023, indicating that these isolates are very closely related.

Alleles↗
PubMed1991

Anticancer gelatin microspheres with multiple functions.

Biodegradable, hydrophilic gelatin microspheres (GM) with an average diameter of 70 microns were prepared by cross-linking gelatin with glutaraldehyde for hepatic intra-arterial infusion. An anticancer agent, mitomycin C (MMC), together with a radioisotope, 131I, were bound to the GM for chemotherapy and local internal radiotherapy. The 131I-labelled MMC-GM (131I-MMC-GM) could accumulate in the specific site and embolize the hepatic arteries after the hepatic intra-arterial infusion, while it caused various effects to the liver cells. The 131I-MMC-GM remained within the hepatic arteries for at least one month. In vitro release of drugs from the GM was also quantified using a dynamic dialysis method.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The immunosuppressive properties of enisoprost and a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (SC-45662).

Metabolic derivatives of arachidonic acid such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes may alter immune responses. Enisoprost (ENO), a synthetic prostaglandin E analog, inhibited the response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to phytohemagglutinin in a concentration-dependent fashion: .1, 1.0, and 10 micrograms/ml yielding 4.0, 21.7, and 74.3% inhibition, respectively. ENO also potently inhibited both IL-2 production (measured by ELISA) and IL-2 responsiveness (measured by CTLL-2 response to IL-2) in a concentration-dependent manner, yet did not inhibit acquisition of IL-2 receptors. ENO similarly diminished efferent immune function in a concentration-dependent fashion, as measured by inhibition of cytotoxic T cell and natural killer effector function. A 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (5-LO), SC-45662, also inhibited mononuclear cell response to PHA in a concentration-dependent manner: 0.1, 1.0, and 10 micrograms/ml yielding 5.0, 9.7, and 79.7% inhibition, respectively. Although 5-LO potently inhibited IL-2 production, it had no effect on IL-2 responsiveness or IL-2 receptor acquisition. Like ENO, 5-LO impaired CTL and NK effector function yet was not as potent in inhibiting CTL effector function. In summary, ENO and 5-LO inhibit afferent and efferent immune function. The inhibitory effects of these drugs are not related to cytotoxicity as cell viability is maintained for 72 hr in the presence of these drugs, and the inhibitory effect is reversible when the drugs are removed. The 5-LO does not inhibit mononuclear cell responses simply by shunting the formation of arachidonic acid precursors to form inhibitory prostaglandins, since it does not impair IL-2 responsiveness in a manner similar to ENO. These two compounds may prove to have clinical utility in organ transplantation if safely achieved serum concentrations of these drugs yield in vivo immunosuppression parallel to our in vitro results.

Acetates↗
PubMed1991

[Experimental study on the treatment of hypertension with combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine].

In order to study the connection of diastolic activity of smooth muscles of blood vessels with development of hypertension, plasma cAMP, cGMP, TXB2, 6-K-PGF1 alpha, ANP, SP were determined with radioimmunoassay, of 173 hypertension patients with Liver Yang exuberance (LYE) 91 cases, and Yin deficiency and Yang exuberance (YDYE) 82 cases. In addition, 228 health subjects served as control. The results showed that the levels of cAMP, cGMP and TXB2 in both LYE and YDYE groups were higher than those in the control group, but the levels of ANP, SP and cAMP/cGMP ratio in LYE and YDYE groups were lower than those in the control. As to the level of 6-K-PGF1 alpha, no significant variance was found between these groups. After TCM-WM treatment, the levels of cAMP, cGMP and TXB2 in LYE and YDYE groups got down, as compared with those in the control, adversely the levels of ANP, SP and 6-K-PGF1 alpha in LYE and YDYE groups turned up significantly. However the cAMP/cGMP ratio had no remarkable change between these groups. The linear regression analyses between the diastolic pressure and ANP or SP both proved negative correlation (r = -0.36, P less than 0.05; r = -0.35, P less than 0.05). The findings indicated that the TCM-WM treatment was the most effective among the therapies employed in the study, and that this therapy affected the diastolic activity of smooth muscles by modulating the above factors existing in the nervous and endocrine systems of the patients with hypertension.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1991

[Studies on strain differences of Schistosoma japonicum in the mainland of China. VI. Analysis with multilocus enzyme electrophoresis].

Five different field-collected isolates (i.e., Anhui, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan and Yunnan) of Schistosoma japonicum from the mainland of China were compared by means of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels of individual male worm extracts. The enzyme systems used in the study included GDH, G6PD, LDH, MDH, PGI, PGM and SOD. Of 9 loci examined in the 7 isozyme systems, 4 were found to be polymorphic. These were LDH-1, LDH-2, MDH and PGM, the remainder of GDH, G6PD-1, G6PD-2, PGI and SOD being monomorphic. Our results indicated that the genetic polymorphism occurring in the natural population of different isolates of S. japonicum in the mainland of China. The allele frequencies at polymorphic loci coding for enzyme as well as the genetic identity and genetic distance in different isolates of S. japonicum will be reported elsewhere.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

Radix Tripterygium wilfordii--a Chinese herbal medicine with potent immunosuppressive properties.

Radix Tripterygium wilfordii Hook-F (TW) is a Chinese herbal medicine that has been reported to be effective in the treatment of various autoimmune disorders in experimental animals and man. Little is known about the immunosuppressive mechanism of action of this medicine. We demonstrate herein that TW is capable of inhibiting several afferent immune functions including the in vitro response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to both mitogen and alloantigen, and the generation of cytotoxic T cells. This inhibition is likely mediated through a reduction in both IL-2 production and IL-2 responsiveness. TW evidenced little capability of impairing IL-2 receptor expression, or efferent immune mechanisms such as cell-mediated cytotoxicity or natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The immunosuppressive effects of TW were reversible except at the highest concentration tested, 2.4 micrograms/ml, and there was no evidence of TW-mediated cell-well damage as evidenced by trypan-blue exclusion. TW, or some of its constituents, may be important new agents to be studied for immunosuppression in organ transplantation.

Adult↗