[Quality assessment of the traditional Chinese medicine by chemical recognition].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
Biomedical subjects
X Luo
Publications and source records attributed to X Luo.
[Evaluation of pulmonary arterial pressure by pulsed Doppler echocardiography compared with cardiac catheterization].
Twenty-six patients undergoing right cardiac catheterization were examined by pulsed doppler echocardiography (PDE), spectrum analysis of the shape of flow velocity curve of the pulmonary arteria during systole was made. Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) was qualitatively and qualitatively evaluated by right ventricular systolic time interval (RSTI) derived from pulmonary doppler blood flow velocity pattern. The correlation between PAP and the values of RSTI was evaluated, multiple stepwise regression analysis was performed. The pulmonary flow pattern and the values of RSTI measured from right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and main pulmonary artery (MPA) were compared. The results showed that: 1. Qualitative evaluation of PAP: (1) the triangular configuration of the pulmonary flow pattern was the feature of the pulmonary ejection flow in pulmonary hypertension (PH). (2) AT < 100ms AT/ET < 0.30 and PEP/AT > 1.1 indicated PH (PAMP > or = 2.7 kPa, AT < 100 ms, sensitivity 92.3%, specificity 100%). 2. Quantitative evaluation of PAP: (1) simple regression analysis: AT, AT/PEP especially AT showed a good inverse correlation with PAP, which was improved when a logarithmic function was applied, but not improved by the square root of heart rate. The liner regression equation and the correlation coefficient were: log PASP = -6.3617 AT +2.825 (r = -0.7925, P < 0.001); log PADP = -0.4569 AT +74.182 (r = -0.8513, P < 0.001); log PAMP = -0.0073 AT +2.198 (r = -0.8635, P < 0.001). (2) multiple stepwise regression analysis: the stepwise analysis of six parameters (PEP, ET, AT, AT/ET, AT/PEP, square root of R-R) showed that AT, PEP were the best parameters correlated with PAP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
[Formulation and evaluation of a new content uniformity testing scheme by variables].
A new content uniformity testing scheme by variables for pharmaceutical preparation has been formulated in two steps: 1. The locus of the point (mu, sigma) representing pairing of the two population variables of active ingredient in individual dosage units was found by statistical probability computation and approximated to two connecting lines, one circular segment and one straight line, the equations of which contain the two sample variables mean and S; 2. Two straight lines delimiting a double sampling zone were found by weighing the two contradictory indices, high accuracy and small sample size of the sampling inspection scheme. The sample size in the initial inspection is n1 = 10, while that in the second inspection is n = n1 + n2 = 30. The 4 discriminants of the new scheme are as follows: [formula: see text] where A = [mean - 100]; S = [sigma (X - mean)2/(n - 1)]1/2; l is the tolerant content limit of a dosage unit; k1, k2, k3 and k4 are parameters that depend on l; and other symbols are self-evident. The numbers of k1, k2, k3, k4 for +/- l% = +/- 15% and d%-8, 7, 6 and 5% are given, where d is the acceptance defective in lot. The algorithms used are outlined. Some of the merits of the new scheme--accuracy, adaptability and practicability--are discussed.
Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
Serum interleukin-2 receptor levels in Hodgkin disease and other solid tumors of childhood.
Serum levels of interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R) were determined in children with newly diagnosed Hodgkin disease (n = 68), Wilms tumor (n = 20), osteosarcoma (n = 18), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 18), or Ewing sarcoma (n = 15). Measurements of soluble IL2R were positively correlated with disease stage in Hodgkin disease but not in other tumors. Very high levels of soluble IL2R (> or = 5000 U/ml) were significantly associated with a poorer treatment outcome in Hodgkin disease (p = 0.006) and retained significance in a multivariate analysis (p = 0.03). The addition of soluble IL2R measurements to existing prognostic models may improve risk assignment in children with Hodgkin disease.
Child↗
Production of a bifunctional hybrid molecule B72.3/metallothionein-1 by protein engineering.
A hybrid anti-tumour B72.3 antibody/metallothionein protein B72.3MT-1 was produced by the construction of the expression vector mpSV2neo-EP1-B72.3MT-1. This vector contained the neo gene as a selection marker, the murine immunoglobulin promoter and enhancer, and the hybrid B72.3 heavy chain gene fragment with mouse metallothionein-1 cDNA gene ligated into its CH2 domain. The expression vector was transfected to the heavy chain loss mutant B72.3Mut(K) cell line. The hybrid protein B72.3MT-1 was purified from transfectant supernates using a Protein G column. We showed that the hybrid protein retained the binding reactivity for the TAG72 antigen as the original B72.3 antibody, and the metal-binding capacity of the native metallothionein molecule. Therefore, the bifunctional hybrid protein B72.3MT-1 may be very useful in cancer imaging when labelled with radionuclides such as 99mTc.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[On the correction of systematic errors of analytical methods used in the content uniformity test].
In this paper, the constant and proportional systematic errors of analytical methods for the content uniformity test were studied with reference to the accurate analytical method for the assay. Seven monographs of tablets admitted to USP(XXII), Ch P (1985, 1990) and JP(XI) were taken as cases in point and the systematic errors of two of them, i.e. digoxin and nitroglycerin tablets, were ascertained by the test of significance. To improve the accuracy of analytical methods for the content uniformity test, a correction formula more reasonable and convincing than that of USP (XXI, XXII) was proposed, and its theoretical basis described briefly.
Chemistry Techniques, Analytical↗
[A survey of T-2 toxin in wheat by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay].
The survey of T-2 toxin in wheat randomly sampled in nine provinces was carried out, employing an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among 330 samples, 264 samples (80%) showed positive results. The mean concentrations was 53.3 ppb. and maximal concentration was 1122.0 ppb. It was also detected high concentration (84.5-1064.4) of T-2 toxin in human intoxication wheat samples in 1991. The investigation also showed that there existed close relationship between the level of T-2 toxin contamination and the epidemic of wheat scabby.
China↗
[Identification of morphology and inorganic elements of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. produced in Sichuan by applying scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analysis].
A research on the identification of morphology and inorganic elements of Eucommia ulmoides produced in Sichuan has been made by applying scanning electron microscope; energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of the inorganic elements in the observed areas have been obtained.
Calcium↗
[Quality assessment of the traditional Chinese medicine gentian by chemical pattern recognition].
Methanol extracts of 38 samples of the traditional Chinese medicine gentian of different origin were prepared. Data reflecting their chemical constituents as a whole were obtained by HPLC. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (1990) specified four species of the getiana as authentic. Some samples from the authentic and non-authentic gentian were used as the training set of pattern recognition. Chemical features of the gentian samples were selected from among the matching data of HPLC by the SIMCA program. Finally, the selected chemical features were displayed as stars in a semicircular polar coordinate system, resulting in a constellation graph. Quality assessment of the traditional Chinese medicine gentian was accomplished by recognizing the position and path of the stars in the constellation graph. The clusters of the gentian samples in the constellation graph obtained from the HPLC features were consistent with and complement to their plant taxonomy. The vivid graph demonstrated that pattern recognition via chemical constellation promises well a reliable method for assessing traditional Chinese medicines.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
[Quality assessment of ginseng by chemical fuzzy pattern recognition].
Water and liquor extracts of ginseng simulating its habitual preparations used in the practice of traditional Chinese medical science were prepared from 25 samples, and data reflecting its chemical constituents as a whole were obtained by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma source (ICP). Antifatigue, antidiuretic, and macrophage phagocytosis experiments were carried out to determine the pharmacologic actions of the extracts. Results obtained with the extracts on mice were compared mutually and with those obtained on placebo-treated ones in the respective pharmacologic experiments. Based on the results of the three pharmacologic experiments, features were selected from among the chemical data and fuzzy equations formulated hereby were solved to ascertain the effective constituents with different weights and their compatibility. Finally, correlation analysis was carried out, and a new scheme for the quality assessment of ginseng has been worked out. The methodology proposed is of general significance to the formulation of quality assessment schemes for Chinese traditional medicines and the ascertainment of their bioactive constituents.
Animals↗
Studies on the epidemiology and etiology of moldy sugarcane poisoning in China.
Moldy sugarcane poisoning, an acute fatal food poisoning of unknown etiology, has occurred in 13 provinces in China. The epidemiological characteristics and clinical features were described. Evidence from laboratory studies indicates that 3-nitropropionic acid produced by the fungus Arthrinium Spp. is the etiological factor of this food poisoning.
Adolescent↗
Genetic requirements for frameshift reversion induced by bulky DNA adducts in M13 DNA.
In order to analyze the genetic requirements and mechanisms of frameshift mutagenesis by activated aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), in vitro-modified phage M13 replicative form (RF) DNA was transfected into appropriate Escherichia coli cells and +1 or -1 frameshift revertants in the lacZ(alpha) gene were isolated. This analysis shows that both +1 and -1 frameshift mutagenesis by AFB1 is significantly reduced in a umuC- background. On the other hand, in the absence of RecA, +1 frameshift mutagenesis is partially reduced, but -1 frameshift mutagenesis is unaffected. DNA sequence analysis of +1 frameshifts induced by AFB1 in recA- cells suggests that the mutations occur at the same sites as in recA+ cells, but that there are significant differences in the specificity of the observed base changes. A model consistent with the observed effects in the absence of RecA suggests that an appreciable fraction of AFB1-adducted guanines can correctly template for a cytosine.
Animals↗
Specificity of base substitutions induced by the acridine mutagen ICR-191: mispairing by guanine N7 adducts as a mutagenic mechanism.
As the most nucleophilic site in DNA, the guanine N7 atom is a major site of adduction by a large number of alkylating mutagens and carcinogens. Aflatoxin B1, a powerful mutagen, is believed to act through its reaction with this DNA site. On the basis of the specificity of base substitutions induced by various adduct forms of aflatoxin, we have proposed that bulky guanine N7 adducts elicit base substitutions by two mechanisms. The first mechanism is similar to that observed for a number of bulky noninstructive lesions, whereas the second mechanism invokes mispairing between N7-adducted guanine and thymine. A prediction of the mispairing hypothesis is that diverse bulky guanine N7 adducts (regardless of structural similarities with the aflatoxins) should induce predominantly G-to-A transitions. Accordingly, we have recently observed that base substitutions induced by the acridine half-mustard ICR-191 in the M13 double-stranded DNA transfection system are predominantly G:C-to-A:T transitions. Here, by transfecting ICR-191-treated M13 AB28 single-stranded DNA into Escherichia coli, we show that base substitutions are predominantly targeted to guanines. Since the N7-adducted-guanine:thymine mispairing is proposed to require N1 deprotonation promoted by the primary N7 lesion, guanine imidazole ring-opening should abolish this mispairing property, and thereby alter the specificity of mutagenesis. Here, we show that the incubation of ICR-191-treated RF DNA at pH 10.5 results in a significant reversal of the specificity of G:C-targeted substitutions such that G-to-T transversions predominated over G-to-A transitions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aminacrine↗
The impact of computer usage on the perceptions of hospital secretaries.
This study explored the perceptions of hospital unit secretaries regarding computer usage. Specifically, six attitudinal variables: performance, resistance, interpersonal relations, satisfaction, challenge, and work overload were examined. The study had two major findings: (1) hospital unit secretaries have positive perceptions of job performance, satisfaction, and challenge as a result of using the PHAMIS computer system and (2) hospital unit secretaries do not feel resistant to the system, overloaded with work, or inclined to increase their interpersonal interaction with coworkers. These two findings might appear contradictory on the surface, but in fact are consistent with overall positive perceptions about the PHAMIS system. The study also considered the impact of two independent variables--age and number of years at work--on the responses of subjects. The analysis indicated that together these two variables explained some variations in the values of at least two of the dependent variables--resistance and challenge. The authors therefore concluded that the installation of the hospital computer system has established a favorable working environment for those whose work is affected by it. The dramatic expansion of computer systems in nonprofit institutions as well as in profit-oriented institutions has made people more familiar with computer technology. This trend can account for the overall positive perception of the unit secretaries toward the new computer system. Moreover, training programs and the support of top management for the system may also have enhanced the positive attitude of the users.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
[Vitamin nutritional status of a high lung cancer risk population].
Vitamins A, C, D, (VA, VC, VE) and carotene (CAR) in plasma and riboflavin (VB2) in urine samples were measured to evaluate the nutritional status of 44 non-mining workers, 81 miners and 43 lung cancer patients in Yunnan Tin Mine. Plasma VA in these 3 groups averaged 46.6, 52.8, and 47.8 micrograms/dl, respectively, with 0, 0 and 7.2% of the individuals having levels under 20 micrograms/dl. The average levels of plasma CAR among these 3 groups were 153.6, 123.0 and 137.1 micrograms/dl. CAR contents in miners were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than those of non-mining workers. About 1/4 of the miners and 1/6 of the lung cancer patients had values less than 80 micrograms/dl. Plasma VC among these 3 groups averaged 423, 406 and 360 micrograms/dl, respectively, with 14.0, 11.5 and 25.6% of the individuals having levels under 300 micrograms/dl. The average plasma VE contents ranged from 648.3 to 722.0 micrograms/dl for the 3 groups. 70.5% of non-mining workers. 42.0% of miners and 39.5% of the lung cancer patients had levels less than 700 micrograms/dl, which is considered either low or deficient in nutritional surveys. 52.3% of the non-mining workers and 51.8% of the miners were either low or deficient in VB2. Although there was intermittent supplementation of riboflavin in lung cancer patients, the low and deficient VB2 nutritional status was still observed in 27.9% of them. The study establishes the low nutritional status in vitamins of the high lung cancer risk population in Yunnan Tin Mine and provides a background for a nutritional intervention trial to prevent lung cancer in the miners.
Ascorbic Acid↗
[Study of chemical pattern recognition as applied to quality assessment of the traditional Chinese medicine "wei ling xian"].
Chemical pattern recognition was applied to the quality assessment of the traditional Chinese medicine "wei ling xian". The dried roots and rhizomes of Clematis chinensis Osbeck, Clematis hexapetalo Pall, and Clematis manshurica Rupr, 21 samples of "wei ling xian" of six different species which were collected from different regions of China, were extracted with methanol. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography and the GC data of "wei Ling xian" samples were correlated with their anti-inflammatory activity in pharmacologic experiments. Positive anti-inflammatory activity is regarded as the quality assurance of medicinal "wei ling xian". According to the results, the samples were classified as two groups, one having and the other not having distinct anti-inflammatory activity at the 5% significance level. Some samples were used as the training set, while some as the test set. The SIMCA program was used for the extraction of features and classification, whereas the PCA program for displaying the data in a two-dimensional space. The quality of unknown samples of "Wei Ling Xian" can be assessed as a result of the classification or the two-dimensional display.
Animals↗
[Quality assessment of the Chinese traditional medicine rhubarb by chemical pattern recognition].
Traditionally, the identification of Chinese medicines is performed by the morphological method. As chemical constituents play the role of therapeutic action, it is more rational to identify Chinese traditional medicines by analyzing their chemical constituents. Furthermore, the therapeutic action of a Chinese traditional medicine is usually the result of coordination of its chemical constituents. In this paper, the PRIMA method was adopted to classify 29 samples of the Chinese traditional medicine rhubarb, with 16 samples as the training set and 13 samples as the test set. The recognition ability was 100% and the prediction ability was 92% on HPLC data, while both of them were 100% on UV data. As far as this research is concerned, the PRIMA method is superior to the Bayes classification rule, the SIMCA method and nonlinear mapping in its simplicity, rapidity and correctness. Pharmacologic experiments were carried out to confirm the results.
Animals↗
Induction of G.C to A.T transitions by the acridine half-mustard ICR-191 supports a mispairing mechanism for mutagenesis by some bulky mutagens.
As the most nucleophilic atom in DNA, the guanine N7 atom is a major site of attack for a large number of chemical mutagens as well as chemotherapeutic agents. Paradoxically, while methylation of guanine N7 is believed to be largely nonmutagenic, aflatoxin B1, among the most potent mutagens, appears to exert its mutagenic activity through adduction at this site. On the basis of an analysis of the specificity of mutations induced by various adduct forms of aflatoxin B1, we have previously proposed mechanisms that can both resolve the paradox and account for the specificity of mutagenesis by aflatoxin B1. The hypothesized mechanisms specify how a bulky guanine N7 lesion can promote G.C to A.T transitions as well as frame-shift mutations. Since the proposed mechanisms are in principle lesion-independent, a simple test of the proposed mechanisms would be to examine the specificity of mutations induced by a structurally different bulky guanine N7 adduct. Toward this goal, M13 replicative form DNA was subjected to in vitro adduction with the acridine mutagen ICR-191 and transfected into Escherichia coli. Mutations in the LacZ(alpha) gene segments were scored and defined at the sequence level. The results show that ICR-191 adduction induces both base substitutions and frame shifts with near-equal efficiency. A clear majority of base substitutions were G.C to A.T transitions. On the other hand, unlike aflatoxin B1 which could induce both -1 and +1 frameshifts, ICR-191 appears to predominantly induce +1 frame shifts. This preference appears to arise by lesion-dependent mechanisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aminacrine↗