[Sex differences in pathophysiology of experimental myocardial infarction in rats].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
X Lu
Publications and source records attributed to X Lu.
Clinical and histological observations on the application of intermingled auto- and porcine-skin heterografts in third degree burns.
Escharectomy and skin grafting with both homograft and porcine skin has become an effective method in treating massive third degree burns. Seventeen patients and 21 operations of intermingled transplantation of auto- and fresh porcine skin heterografts after escharectomy of the severe burn wounds have been carried out since March 1973. Clinical and histological data are summarized, among which we observed the 'fusing phenomena' of auto- and porcine skin heterografts in 6 patients. Vascularization, 'turning red', viability and rejection as well as ways to improve the results of the grafting method are discussed. No vascular communication between fresh porcine skin and the host wound has been observed during the early postoperative period. The cause of 'turning red' is a reddish transudation between the graft and the host wound seen through the thin porcine skin. Based on histological observations, porcine skin is viable after transplantation. With nutritional support apparently coming from the underlying plasma and tissue fluid. Eventually the process of rejection is similar to that of homograft Better results are found with porcine skin grafts 0.4-0.5 mm in thickness placed 0.5-0.75 cm apart. In order to avoid large sloughing wound surfaces less than 20 per cent area of porcine skin coverage is advisable.
Adolescent↗
The primary hamster kidney cell rabies vaccine: adaptation of viral strain, production of vaccine, and pre- and postexposure treatment.
The hamster kidney cell rabies vaccine was investigated as a substitute for classical nervous tissue rabies vaccine. The Beijing strain of fixed rabies virus was adapted to primary hamster kidney cells (PHKCs), and four types of rabies vaccine (plain, adjuvant, concentrated, and concentrated adjuvant vaccines) were developed for human use. The potencies of the vaccines met the requirements of the World Health Organization, and these vaccines elicited rather satisfactory antibody responses in volunteers. The postexposure use of vaccine was evaluated in 301 individuals, 97 of whom had been bitten by proven rabid animals. None of the individuals contracted rabies during the observation period. After several years of field trials with both pre- and postexposure vaccines, the evidence indicates that the PHKC rabies vaccines are effective and safe for human use.
Animals↗
[Histopathological study on the relationship between host reaction and prognosis in patients with cancer of the gastric cardia].
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Adult↗
[The role of physical exercise in prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease (author's transl)].
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Blood Pressure↗
Adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid sinus.
BACKGROUND: Carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses is rare. The majority of these originate in the maxillary sinus with primary ethmoid carcinomas occurring in up to 20% of cases. Adenocarcinomas comprise up to 50% of the ethmoid malignancy. The relative rarity of tumors originating in this area has led to their inclusion in series that consist mainly of maxillary antral tumors. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients presenting with primary ethmoid adenocarcinoma at West Virginia University Hospitals between 1988 and 1993 was undertaken. Only patients whose epicenter was believed to be in the ethmoids were included in this analysis. CT scans, MRIs, operative notes, pathology, and final outcome were all analyzed. RESULTS: Eight patients with primary ethmoid adenocarcinoma were treated during this time span. The male to female ratio was 1:1 with a mean age of 50 years. Symptoms had been present from 3 to 18 months (mean 8 months). All patients underwent craniofacial resection with 5 patients receiving postoperative radiotherapy. Pathologically 4 patients had cribriform plate erosion, 2 had dural involvement, and 1 had extension into the sphenoid sinus. With a mean follow-up of 45 months (9-71 months) 7 patients are disease free and 1 patient has died of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Obtaining clear margins by craniofacial resection is essential to the management of adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid sinuses. Radiotherapy is reserved for positive margins, cribriform plate penetration, dural invasion, and high-grade lesions that are close to the cribriform plate. Local control was obtained in 87% of our patients.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Differential roles of the frontal cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum in visuomotor sequence learning.
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Animals↗
Molecular networks perturbed in a developmental animal model of brain injury.
Methylazoxymethanol (MAM) is widely used as a developmental neurotoxin and exposure to its glucoside (i.e., cycasin) is associated with the prototypical neurological disorder western Pacific ALS/PDC. However, the specific molecular targets that play a key role in MAM-induced brain injury remain unclear. To reveal potential molecular networks targeted by MAM in the developing nervous system, we examined characteristic phenotypic changes (DNA damage, cytoarchitecture) induced by MAM and their correlation with gene expression differences using microarray assays (27,648 genes). Three day-old postnatal C57BL/6 mice (PND3) received a single injection of MAM and the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of PND4, 8, 15, and 22 mice were analyzed. DNA damage was detected in both the cerebellum (N7-mGua, TUNEL labeling) and cerebral cortex (N7-mGua) of PND4 mice, but progressive disruption of the cytoarchitecture was restricted to the cerebellum. A majority (>75%) of the genes affected (cerebellum 636 genes, cortex 1080 genes) by MAM were developmentally regulated, with a predominant response early (PND4) in the cerebellum and delayed (PND8 and 15) in the cerebral cortex. The genes and pathways (e.g., proteasome) affected by MAM in the cerebellum are distinct from cortex. The genes perturbed in the cerebellum reflect critical cellular processes such as development (17%), cell cycle (7%), protein metabolism (12%), and transcriptional regulation (9%) that could contribute to the observed cytoarchitectural disruption of the cerebellum. This study demonstrates for the first time that specific genes and molecular networks are affected by MAM during CNS development. Further investigation of these targets will help to understand how disruption of these developmental programs could contribute to chronic brain injury or neurodegenerative disease.
Animals↗
Simulation of the evolution of genomic complexity.
A general evolutionary trend is the generation of organisms of increasing complexity, notwithstanding that reduction and simplification phenomena do occur in the evolutionary process. This paper proposes an evolutionary model incorporating the mechanisms of gene amplification and deletion. The evolutionary process leading to genomic complexity and the coexistence of simpler organisms with complicated ones were both simulated using the proposed model. The model was also used to investigate the influence of various factors on the evolution of complexity. The simulations indicated that the evolution of complexity is largely influenced by adaptation to complicated environments. Nevertheless, complex organisms require relatively more resources for survival and replication, which limits the on going tendency towards complexity. Moreover, the analysis showed that if the environment varies rapidly and the profit obtained from complexity is greater than the resources consumed, selection will tend to favor complexity. However, high living cost will tend to limit the trend of complexity and if the environment is relatively stable, reduction and simplification will become the dominant trends.
Animals↗
Phenotypic features with p53 alterations related to human papillomavirus and prognostic evaluation in cervical cancer.
Cervical cancer is one of the most common tumor affecting women worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) was found to have a causal relationship with cervical cancer and its precursors. The interaction between HPV E6 protein and p53 was identified in in vitro studies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of p53 alterations related to HPV infection and the prognostic significance of p53 alterations in cervical cancer. Studies were identified by a MEDLINE search, and all relevant articles were retrieved from 1991 to March 2004. The prevalence of p53 mutations is a rare event in cervical cancer. The correlation between p53 mutations and HPV or prognosis is controversial. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of p53 is more commonly found in cervical cancer and is related with the prognosis of this disease. There is no significant correlation between p53 polymorphism and development of cervical cancer. The p53 mutations were not commonly found in cervical cancer. LOH of p53 may contribute to the progression of this malignancy. p53 polymorphism failed to be an independent prognostic factor in predicting the outcome of patients with cervical cancer. Further, epidemiologic surveys should be undertaken in larger populations and in different geographical regions.
DNA, Viral↗
Metabolism of alkyl lysophospholipid in epithelial cancer cell lines and inhibition of cell growth.
The mechanism of inhibition of cancer cell growth by alkyllysophospholipids is not known. We have investigated the metabolism of 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methylglycerophosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3) in MCF7, A427, and A549 cell lines to determine whether there is a correlation between metabolism and sensitivity and whether the growth-inhibitory effects are due to ET-18-OCH3 or its metabolites. After 12 h incubation with ET-18-OCH3, less than 1.5% of ET-18-OCH3 taken up in the cells was converted to 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methylglycerol (OMG). No correlation was observed between the extent of metabolism and sensitivity to the compound. Incubation of cells with 1 microgram OMG/mL (2.8 microM) for 12 h resulted in cellular quantities of OMG in MCF7, A427, and A549 that were, respectively, 8-, 5-, and 25-fold greater than those in cells incubated with 5 micrograms ET-18-OCH3/mL (9.6 microM). While 12 h incubation with 1 microgram OMG/mL did not significantly inhibit the proliferation of MCF7 or A427 cells, incubation with 5 micrograms ET-18-OCH3/mL inhibited MCF7 and A427 growth by 90 and 15%, respectively. A549 cell growth was inhibited 10% by 1 microgram OMG/mL, but not by 5 micrograms ET-18-OCH3/mL. Incubation of cells for 12 h with 5 micrograms OMG/mL (13.9 microM) inhibited the growth of all three cell lines. Our results indicate that both ET-18-OCH3 and OMG can inhibit cell growth but the low quantities of OMG produced from ET-18-OCH3 are not responsible for the observed inhibition of MCF7 and A427 cell growth.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
Biomechanical properties of porcine cerebral bridging veins with reference to the zero-stress state.
Passive mechanical and morphometric properties of porcine cerebral bridging veins were studied. Fifteen cerebral bridging veins were obtained from 7 pigs. The superior sagittal sinus, bridging veins and the meninges were excised and placed in aerated calcium-free Krebs solution. The outflow cuff segment is a narrow region at the junction of the cerebral bridging veins and superior sagittal sinus. The principal direction of collagen fibres was longitudinal in the bridging vein and circumferential in the cuff region. The diameter was smaller in the outflow cuff segment than in the cerebral bridging veins in the pressure range studied (0-23 mm Hg) whereas the thickness was highest in the outflow cuff segment (p < 0.01). The circumferential stress-strain analysis showed that the outflow cuff segment was extensible up to a strain of 0.25. At higher strains the outflow cuff segment was progressively stiffer than the cerebral bridging vein (p < 0.05). The longitudinal stress-strain relation for the cerebral bridging vein was shifted to the left compared to the outflow cuff segment (p < 0.05). When compared to the stress-strain properties in the circumferential direction, the outflow cuff segment was more extensible and the cerebral bridging vein stiffer in longitudinal direction (p < 0.05). The opening angle of the outflow cuff segment and the cerebral bridging vein was 115 +/- 4 and 120 +/- 4 (means +/- SE) without statistical difference between the two regions. In conclusion the difference in biomechanical properties between the outflow cuff segment and the cerebral bridging vein was associated to their difference in histology and fibre arrangement. This indicates that the function of the outflow cuff segment is to act as a flow-limiting resistance to the outflow from the cerebral circulation.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
A comparison of the fragment constant and molecular connectivity indices models for normalized sorption coefficient estimation.
Fragment constant and molecular connectivity indices models were developed based on the measured normalized sorption coefficient values of 592 chemicals. The two models were compared for precision in terms of their adjusted coefficients of determination and their mean residuals. Model robustness was evaluated and compared using jackknifed mean residuals derived from class-by-class deletion. Results indicated that a relatively greater precision could be achieved using the fragment constant approach compared with the molecular connectivity indices model. The adjusted coefficients of determination of the two models were 0.965 and 0.765 and the mean residuals were 0.366 and 0.440, respectively. Although there were a relatively small number of independent variables involved, the robustness of the molecular connectivity indices model was greater than that of the fragment constant method as far as extrapolation among chemical classes is concerned.
Adsorption↗
The relationship between cellular ether glycerophospholipid content and sensitivity of cancer cells to 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-glycerophosphocholine.
Cancer cells are more susceptible to the growth-inhibitory effects of alkyl lysophospholipids than normal cells, but the mechanism of this selectivity is unknown. In this study we have investigated the hypothesis that the sensitivity of cells to alkyl lysophospholipids is related to the cellular ether lipid content. The order of decreasing sensitivity of the cells to the growth-inhibitory effect of 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-glycerophosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3) was MCF 7 > T84 > Malme 3M > A427 > A549, while the order of decreasing ether phospholipid content as a proportion of the total phospholipid was T84 > A427 = A549 = Malme 3M > MCF7. There was also no correlation between ET-18-OCH3-sensitivity and the proportion of ether lipid in the cholineglycerophospholipid or ethanolamineglycerophospholipid classes. Our results clearly indicate that the postulated relationship between ether phospholipid content and ET-18-OCH3-susceptibility may have very limited applicability and is unlikely to be the underlying reason for the selective effects of alkyl lysophospholipids.
Antineoplastic Agents↗