Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) of the uterine cervix: a case report.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
X Lu
Publications and source records attributed to X Lu.
[The effect of Xuezhikang on oxidation of low-density lipoproteins in vitro].
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Xuezhikang on oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein. METHODS: In vitro experiment was used to study the effect of Xuezhikang on the change of human low-density lipoprotein. Relative electrophoresis movement rate after oxidation of low-density lipoprotein mediated by addition of copper ion was observed. RESULTS: Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein mediated by copper ion was accelerated as the time of action prolonged and the process was accompanied by increased relative electrophoresis movement rate. Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein by copper ion was inhibited significantly in the presence of Xue zhikang as compared with absence of XuezhiKang at all time points. A greater reduction of reactive electrophoresis movement rate up to 33.5%, (P < 0.05) was noted. With increase of Xuezhikang concentration, the extent of reduction increased. CONCLUSION: It is shown that human low-density lipoprotein can be oxidized by mediation of copper ion and XuezhiKang may inhibit the extent of oxidation of low-density lipoprotein by copper ion.
Copper↗
[The causes of chylous ascites: a report of 22 cases].
OBJECTIVE: To review the causes and test the diagnostic accuracy of chylous ascites in 22 cases hospitalized in recent years and to compare the efficacy of current investigative procedures with those of previous decades. METHODS: 22 patients with chylous ascites were studied; they were admitted into Peking Union Medical College Hospital in 7 years (1990 - 1997). The data of the 22 patients were compared with those of 17 cases in previous 67 years (1923 - 1989) in the same hospital. Twelve of 22 patients underwent (99)Tc-labeled lymphoscintigraphy. RESULTS: Chylous ascites was diagnosed by ascites in all the 22 patients with analysis of ascitic fluid. Otherwise, the diagnosis would not be established in eight cases if examined with the naked eye. The causes of all the 22 cases were clearly diagnosed. However, the causes were not known in five cases in the 17 cases of previous years. The main causes in this group were malignant tumors (6/22), hepatic cirrhosis (5/22) and tuberculosis (4/22). Other causes included traumatic and congenital lymphatic lesions. CONCLUSION: The causes of chylous ascites can be made clear and definite by detailed comprehensive examinations, including scintigraphy. The main causes were malignant tumor, hepatic cirrhosis and tuberculosis.
Adolescent↗
[K-ras mutation in pancreatic juice from patients with pancreatic carcinoma].
OBJECTIVE: Pancreatic neoplasm, which is considered as one of the most malignant tumors in humans, is now increasing steadily in frequency. The 5-year-survival rate is less than 5%. In order to detect it in early stage, we tried to analyze K-ras mutation in pancreatic juice collected during ERCP after injection of secretin. Mutation of coden 12 in exon 1 of K-ras gene was reported as high as 90% in pancreatic cancer, but much less in benign pancreatic disease. METHODS: 47 patients at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 1994 and 1998 were enrolled. Pancreatic juice collected during ERCP after injection of 100u secretin, was briefly centrifuged and the sediment was resuspended with PBS. Pancreatic juice supernatant and pancreatic cells were stored at -80 degrees C separately. DNA of the cells and supernatant of the juice were extracted. K-ras point mutation was investigated in the DNA of these supernatant and cells by means of two-stage polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP). RESULTS: When the supernatant of the pancreatic juice was used, the PCR successful rate was 82%, K-ras mutation rate of the pancreatic carcinomas was 71% (15/21) compared with 0% (0/7) in benign pancreatic disease (3 chronic pancreatitis, 3 insulinoma and 1 pancreatic cyst). When the centrifuged pancreatic cells were used, the successful rate increased to 96%, sixty-five percent (11/17) of pancreatic carcinomas had K-ras mutation; mutation was also detected in 1/7 of the cases with benign pancreatic diseases (an insulinoma). In total, 78% (21/27) of the cases with pancreatic carcinomas has mutant alleles compared with 8% (1/13) of the benign pancreatic diseases (P < 0.001) when pancreatic juice was used to detect K-ras gene point mutation. In terms of the location of the pancreatic cancer, K-ras mutation rate was not statistically different between the head (80%) and the body + tail (75%). The mutation rate did not vary with the size of the tumor. CONCLUSION: Detection of coden 12 of K-ras mutation in pancreatic juice can be used in differentiating pancreatic carcinomas from benign pancreatic diseases. It has high sensitivity and specificity.
Genes, ras↗
[Long-term outcome and relevant factors of thymectomy for myasthenia gravis].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term outcome and relevant factors of thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (MG) by analyzing patients data. METHODS: 114 patients with MG operated between May 1990 and 1997 were reviewed. The results of operation were classified in to 4 grades: remission, improvement (efficiency includes remission and improvement), no change, and deterioration. The relativity between the long-term outcome and the factors of age, sex, the serum titer of AchR antibodies, duration of disease, pathological classification of thymus, modified osserman classification, and follow-up period was analyzed by logistic and chi(2) test. RESULTS: There were 47 man and 67 women aged from 4 to 72 years. Follow-up ranged from 10 to 82 months (mean 42, 8 months). The remission rate was 27.2% and the effective rate 67.5%. No patient died in the hospital, and the late-death rate was 7.0% (8 cases). CONCLUSION: Long follow-up (over 5 years) is necessary for evaluating the results of the treatment. There is no correlation between the outcome sex, and the serum titer of AchR antibodies. Associated diseases show no influence on the outcome of thymectomy.
Adolescent↗
[Experiment and clinical application of targeting treatment with adriamycin magnetic albumin microspheres in human gastric carcinoma].
OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetics in experimental animals and observe the concurrent anticancer effects in human advanced gastric cancer as an adjuvant chemotherapy, when adriamycin magnetic albumin microspheres (ADM-MAM) were combined with external static magnetic fields. METHODS: The drug concentration of targeting tissues in the animals and the stability of ADM-MAM in human gastric juices were determined. Clinical and histopathological changes were observed in 55 cases of advanced gastric carcinomas after targeting treatment. RESULTS: The peak concentrations of the targeting tissue were highest after ADM-MAMs were administered for 2 hours and remained at the high level for a long time. ADM-MAM maintained its stability in human gastric juices. Targeting treatment improved the patients' symptoms, raised the rated of tumor resection, prolonged patients' lifetime, and enhanced histopathological effects (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The administration of ADM-MAM combined with the external static magnetic fields is effective for targeting location and is of clinical value as a preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for human advanced gastric carcinoma.
Adolescent↗
[Analysis of complications and deaths in aged patients with obstructive jaundice].
The reasons of complications and deaths in 98 aged patients with obstructive jaundice were analysed in the paper. Among them, 52 cases were diagnosed as benign obstruction, 46 cases as malignant obstruction; 92 patients were treated by surgical management(15 died), 6 patients were treated without operation(4 died). The results showed that effective management on time and intensive perioperative care are important to minimize the mortality rate. Malignant obstructive jaundice was more harmful to the patients' renal function no the mortality rate would be increased. The operations, internal drainage and pressure reduction of biliary duct, were performed on time, thus the survival rate was improve.
Aged↗
[Ischemic reperfusion injury of peripheral nerves].
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Animals↗
[Preliminary study on chemical changes in the decocting process of radix et rhizoma Rhei].
OBJECTIVE: To understand the chemical changes in the decocting process of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei. METHOD: Comparing the contents of many kinds of anthraquinones in the crude drug, decoction and drug sediments of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei by HPLC. RESULT: The contents of combined and free anthraquinones changed after the crude drug was decocted. CONCLUSION: These changes may be related to the hydrolysis of combined anthraquinones, the decomposition of free anthraquinones, and the inter-transition among anthraquinones.
Anthraquinones↗
[Studies on the stability of sodium taurocholate in different media and in the course of sterilization].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the stability of the main active constituent of snake gall sodium taurocholate, TCANa in 25% alcoholic solution and artificial gastric juice, and in the course of hot pressurized sterilization. METHOD: The stability of the solution was predicted by an accelerated isothermal test, and the content of TCANa was determined by TLC-colorimetry. RESULT: The half-time(t1/2) of TCANa in 25% alcoholic solution is 60.57 d at 25 degrees C, and in artificial gastric juice 11.37 d at 37 degrees C, the loss rate under the condition(115 degrees C, 30 min) of sterilization about 3%. CONCLUSION: TCANa in 25% alcoholic solution is unstable. Therefore it is suggested that in order to raise the stability of TCANa the alcoholic concentration be increased and the solution be stored at temperatures below 0 degree C.
Animals↗
[Integrated protection capability afforded by a new type capstan anti-G equipment and anti-G straining maneuver].
Objective. To investigate the integrated protection capability afforded by a new type capstan anti-G equipment and anti-G straining maneuver, as a result we discussed the feasibility of protection for 8 G 10 s (rapid onset runs at 2 G/s) acceleration using an associated precept with the above both anti-G measures. Method. This study was accomplished using the human centrifuge with rapid onset at 2 G/s. First, we determined the relaxed +Gz tolerance of nine male aviation students, and then determined theirs most + Gz tolerance while thereinto the five aviation students using a new type capstan anti-G suit (NKH) + a new type anti-G valve (NKT) + L-1 anti-G straining maneuver (L-1) and the other four aviation students using a new type capstan counterpressure suit (NDC) + the new type anti-G valve (NKT) + L-1. Result. The most +Gz tolerance of five students was 8.80 +/- 0.27 G while using NKH + NKT + L-1 and was higher than their relaxed +Gz tolerance at 4.60 +/- 0.42 G (P< 0.01) and that the most +Gz tolerance of four students was 8.75 +/- 0.50 G while using NDC + NKT + L-1 and was higher than their relaxed +Gz tolerance at 4.50 +/- 0.46 G (P< 0.01). Conclusion. Pilot will be capable against the 8 G 10 s (rapid onset runs at 2 G/s) effectively using the new type capstan anti +/- G equipment and anti +/- G straining maneuver, and the provided precept has availability.
Acceleration↗
Two approaches for determining the urinary excretion patterns of nucleosides--HPLC and CE.
Cancer patients excrete in their urine increased amounts of modified purines and pyrimidines. These modified mucleosides are primary constituents of RNA and are synthesized at the macromolecular level. When RNA is catabolized, most of these modified nucleosides cannot be reutilized; consequently, they are excreted. Due to their increased urinary excretion in conjunction with altered RNA turnover in carcinogenesis, they have been proposed as tumour markers. We developed both reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic and capillary electrophoretic approaches to determine normal and modified nucleosides in urine. Data obtained with CE are in good accordance with those from HPLC. The reference excretion levels of urinary nucleosides from healthy volunteers were established, and elevated ones of modified nucleosides from 34 patients with different kinds of cancer were observed. The developed methods are suitable for the analysis of large series of samples for clinical studies.
Biomarkers, Tumor↗
[Development of column switching systems in industrial gas chromatography].
According to the home-made requirement of column switching systems in 23 industrial gas chromatographs in 300,000 Tons of olefin plant, based on the research work of the expert system on gas chromatography and movement laws of compounds of interest in columns, the suitable stationary phases were defined, and the column switching systems were designed by using combined cutting techniques which consist of backflushing, fore-flushing and heart cutting, and by controlling column lengths, flows, flow directions and temperatures. The practical applications showed the column systems satisfy the on-line monitoring requirement of the production process and can be used continually for 1-3 years.
English Abstract↗
[Determination of 2,4-dinitrophenol by solid-phase microextraction coupled to GC/MS].
Solid-phase microextraction coupled GC/MS was investigated for the determination of 2,4-dinitrophenol in aqueous sample. Analytes were extracted by a 85 microns polyacrylate coated fiber. The fiber was then transferred into the injector of GC. Analytes were thermally desorbed and detected by GC/MS. The influences of several parameters on SPME procedure have been studied. The optimization condition was obtained: directly sampling in the water sample with the extraction period was 30 min and the desorption time 3 min at 270 degrees C. Acidification by hydrochloric acid (pH 2) and saturated salt were necessary for the best sensitivity. The precision of SPME is better than that of liquid-liquid extraction. This method is a fast, simple, and pre-concentration-free technique, which is suitable for detecting 2,4-dinitrophenol in water sample.
2,4-Dinitrophenol↗
[Separation and detection of tryptophan metabolites in biological samples].
A reversed phase HPLC method for separation and determination of the major tryptophan (TRP) metabolites in both pyrrolas pathway and TRP hydroxylase pathway, including TRP, kynurenine(KN), 3-hydroxykynurenine(3-HKN), kynurenic acid(KA), xanthurenic acid(XA), 5-hydroxytryptophan(5-HTP), 5-hydroxytryptamin(5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA), has been developed by sequential optimization of mobile phase based on acetate buffer and methanol. Trichloroacetic acid(TCA) was used as ion-pairing reagent to increase the retention of 3-HKN. The effects of pH and concentrations of TCA on separation were studied. Good separation can be achieved at pH 4.0-5.0 of mobile phase in less than 25 min. When TCA was not used, 3-HKN was hard to be detected in biological samples. The maximum retention of 3-HKN was obtained at pH 4.0 with mobile phase containing 50 mmol/L TCA. Combination of electrochemical (ED) and ultraviolet (UV) detection was used in which ED was responsible for detection of 3-HKN, 5-HTP, 5-HT and 5-HIAA and UV for the others. The influences of potential of ED and wavelength of UV on detection were studied. The optimization of conditions for separation and detection in different biological samples was also discussed.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
[Cloning of mitomycin C resistance gene from Streptoverticillium caespitosum ATCC27422 and studying its function].
Streptoverticillium caespitosum is the major producer of anti-cancer drug mitomycin. It demonstrated that there exists a strong restriction system for the transformation of foreign DNA in this strain. Using the blocked mutant S-6 which is sensitive to mitomycin C (MC) and does not produce mitomycin as a recepient and plasmid pIJ699 as vector, the gene library of the strain ATCC27422 was constructed. A clone of mitomycin C resistance gene(mcr) was obtained by screening from this library. The mitomycin C resistance gene cloned on the 6.2 kb fragment of plasmid pLX5 could be expressed in the Strptonmyces lividans TK54. It was the first time to introduce successfully the plasmid pLX5 into the wild type strain ATCC27422 by electroporation technique. And the transformant's resistance to mitomycin C has risen greatly: the MIC has gone up from 200 micrograms/ml to more than 1000 micrograms/ml. The result of fermentation showed that the yield of mitomycin of ATCC27422 harboring plasmid pLX5 was more than the wild strain ATCC27422's. It suggested that there is some relationship between the level of the resistance to mitomycin C and its biosynthesis.
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
[Effect of triclabendazole on the ultrastructure of body wall and vitelline cells of Paragonimus westermani].
AIM: To observe the ultrastructural changes in the body wall and the vitelline cells of Paragonimus westermani in vitro and in vivo before and after triclabendazole treatment. METHODS: The worms were obtained from in vitro and in vivo tests. All of the samples were processed by conventional techniques, and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: The external plasma membrane and matrix were cracked or disappeared after the treatment. The necrosis of the muscular layer differed. The cell membranes of cortex and vitelline cells were damaged. Nuclear membrane was damaged partially, heterochromatin solidified and condensed to brim and dissolved. The Golgi complex disappeared, endoplasmic reticulum expanded, mitochodria denatured and dissolved. The damage was more serious in vivo than in vitro. CONCLUSION: Triclabendazole is remarkablely effective against Paragonimus westermani by damaging the body wall and vitelline cells, mainly affecting the nuclei, membrane structures and microtubular system.
Animals↗
[The protective effect against Toxoplasma infection in mice immunized with laser-irradiated Toxoplasma tachyzoites].
AIM: To observe the level of immune responses and protective immunity in mice induced by laser-irradiated Toxoplasma tachyzoites (LIT). METHODS: ICR mice were immunized with LIT. After one month, the mice were challenged with live Toxoplasma tachyzoites to observe the effect of LIT. Indirect immunofluorescence assay and ELISA were used to detect CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulation and IgG antibody. RESULTS: Immunization with LIT could partially protect the mice from Toxoplasma infection, prolong the survival time, enhance the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and produce specific IgG antibody. CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal injection with LIT can induce partial protective immunity and specifically elicit ICR mice to generate humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.
Animals↗