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Biomedical subjects

X D Zhou

Publications and source records attributed to X D Zhou.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The role of cryosurgery in the treatment of hepatic cancer: a report of 113 cases.

From November 1973 to June 1992, cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C) was performed on 113 patients with hepatic cancer, including 107 patients with primary liver cancer (PLC) and 6 patients with secondary liver cancer (SLC). Of the 107 PLC patients, the subclinical stage constituted 30.8% (33/107), the moderate stage 61.7% (66/107), and the late stage 7.5% (8/107). There were 32 cases with small PLC (up to 5 cm). Liver cirrhosis was observed in 86.0% (92/107). We designed flat cryoprobes for freezing tumors deep within the hepatic parenchyma. Intraoperative ultrasound was used for monitoring hepatic cryolesions. There were no operative mortalities and complications, such as rupture of a tumor, delayed bleeding, or bile leakage. The 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 22.0% and 8.2%, respectively, for the 107 PLC patients and 48.8% and 17.1%, respectively, for the 32 patients with small PLC. Of the 6 SLC patients, survival ranged from 2 months to 90 months (average, 23.2 months). One SLC patient has been well for 7 years and 6 months after cryosurgery. These results indicate that cryosurgery, the in situ freezing of cancer, is a safe and effective treatment for unresectable hepatic cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Morphological changes in tongue cancer after cryosurgery].

Tca 8113 (human tongue cancer cell line) cell transplanted tumors in nude mice were treated with cryosurgery for three freeze-thaw cycles. Tumor samples were obtained by biopsies pre- and post-cryosurgery for morphological study. The results showed intercellular adhesion damage, nuclear pyknosis, cell death, etc. One week after, the deep parts of the frozen samples were similar to that of the untreated ones. Our study indicates the change of biomembrance may be also important as of nuclei in cell death and may play an important role in the treatment of cancer by cryochemistry.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Microwave surgery in the treatment of hepatic cancer].

Microwave surgery was used to treat 50 patients with primary liver cancer (PLC) (hepatectomy for 46 patients and in situ coagulation of tumor for 4 patients with unresectable PLC). For hepatectomy, the needle electrode was inserted into the liver parenchyma repeatedly to coagulate the liver tissue at 1 cm interval along the predetermined incision line. For unresectable PLC, the needle electrode was directly inserted into PLC to coagulate the cancer tissue in situ. The average amounts of blood loss and blood transfusion for 46 hepatectomies was 215 +/- 189ml and 274 +/- 261ml respectively. It was significantly different from that observed in 46 matched conventional hepatectomies (P < 0.01). There were no operative mortality and complications such as delayed bleeding, bile leakage, and intraabdominal infection. These results indicate that microwave surgery can be utilized safely and effectively in the field of liver surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Surgical treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma.

During the last 16 years, radical resection was performed in 392 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Eight patients died within 30 days after resection. The other 384 patients were discharged from hospital and closely followed for 6 to 195 months. By December 1991, 185 patients had developed a recurrent tumor, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence rates being 15.0%, 45.4%, and 55.3%, respectively. Ninety of the 185 patients underwent reoperation, including second hepatic resection (65 cases), cryosurgery (8 cases), resection of lung metastasis (6 cases), hepatic artery ligation and infusion chemotherapy (2 cases), intratumor ethanol injection (3 cases), microwave coagulation plus intratumor ethanol injection (2 cases), and exploration (4 cases). The survival rate of these 90 patients was significantly better than that of 95 patients who were treated by other palliative methods, the 5-year survival rate being 63.4% as compared with 28.6% after the first resection (P < 0.01), and 40.8% vs. 2.2% after recurrence (P < 0.01), respectively. These results suggest that reoperation for recurrent HCC might be an important approach to prolonging survival further after hepatic resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Improved cryosurgery for primary liver cancer].

Cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen was employed in treating 70 patients with primary liver cancer (PLC). There were 25 cases with small PLC (less than or equal to 5 cm). The postoperative course was uneventful in all. The 1-5 year survival rates were 59.1% (39/66), 37.5% (24/64), 27.0% (17/63), 17.5% (10/57), 12.5% (7/56), respectively in the whole series. The 1-5 year survival rates were 48.4% (15/31), 16.1% (5/31), 6.5% (2/31), 6.5% (2/31), 3.2% (1/31) for 31 cases treated 1973-1977, and 68.6% (24/35), 57.6% (19/33), 46.9% (15/32), 30.8% (8/26), 24.0% (6/25) for 39 cases treated 1978-1989. It is suggested that hepatic cryosurgery is a promising and safe treatment for non-resectable PLC. The remarkable improvement in survival in the latter time period might be attributed to the increased incidence of small PLC, the combined use of hepatic artery ligation and/or regional chemotherapy by hepatic artery cannulation and multimodality treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Cryosurgery for primary hepatic cancer of 87 patients].

From november 1973 to June 1991, cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen was performed on 87 patients with primary liver cancer (PLC). Of these, 27 patients was of stage I (31.0%), 52 in stage II (59.8%), and 8 stage III (9.2%). There were 30 patients with PLC of < or = 5 cm (34.5%). Liver cirrhosis was found in 73 patients (83.9%). In the beginning, plate-like cryoprobes and thermocouples were used to monitor the frozen area. Later on we designed single- and multiple-needle cryoprobes for freezing tumors deeply into the hepatic parenchyma and intraoperative ultrasound was used to monitor hepatic cryolesions. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 60.5%, 32.0%, and 20.2%, respectively. Among the 30 patients with PLC of < or = 5 cm, the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 92.6%, 66.6%, and 50.8%, respectively. There were no operative mortality and complications such as rupture of the tumor, delayed bleeding, and bile leakage. These results indicate that cryosurgery is a safe and effective local treatment for unresectable PLC.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Analysis of one hundred and twenty five patients with primary liver cancer surviving more than five years.

During the period of 1958-1986, a series of 125 patients with pathologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surviving more than 5 years was collected in authors' institute. Thirty seven of them survived more than 10 years, the longest being 30 years. Of the entire series, 55.2% of patients was discovered by screening, 48.0% of patients was subclinical HCC, 80.0% of patients had solitary tumor, and 53.6% of patients had tumor size smaller than 5 cm. Pathological findings revealed that 90.2% of tumor was grade I and II (Edmondson grading) and 81.6% of patients associated with cirrhosis. The serum HBsAg was positive in 63% and anti-HBc in 80% of the patients who had checked the HBV markers. Of the 125 patients, 108 patients received resection, 67 patients were small HCC resection, 41 patients were non-small HCC resection, re-resection for subclinical recurrence or solitary lung metastasis was done in 26 patients with resection. Limited resection amounted to 54.6% of patients with resection. Of the 125 patients, 17 patients received palliative surgery other than resection, including hepatic artery ligation, cannulation, or their combination, etc. Eight out of the 17 patients received second stage resection due to marked shrinkage of tumor. It is concluded that early resection remained the major approach to get a long-term survivor, re-resection for subclinical recurrence is also of proved merit. Resection of huge tumor is still useful but less effective. Cyto-reduction and sequential resection is a new trend. Primary liver cancer (PLC) has long been recognized as incurable malignancy with extremely low 5-year survival rate. According to the cancer statistics in the United States, the relative 5-year survival rates for patients with PLC was 2% in 1960-1963, 3% in 1970-1973, 4% in 1974-1976, 3% in 1977-1980 and 5% in 1981-1986. Patients with PLC survived more than 5 years were rarely reported in the literature. In 1971, Curutchet collected worldwide data from 45 authors covering the period for 65 years (1905-1970), only 45 patients with PLC were found to be 5-year survivors. Thanks to the progress in tumor markers, particularly alpha fetoprotin (AFP) and new localization measurements, diagnosis and treatment are possible in subclinical stage. Based on combined strategies to the treatment of PLC including resection of small liver cancer, re-resection of subclinical recurrence after curative resection, multimodality treatment, and sequential resection after shrinkage of tumor, the 5-year survival of PLC has gradually increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Multibacterial artificial plaque. A model for studying carious process.

A multibacterial artificial plaque was established in vitro on enamel slabs incubated in mixed culture of Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans (serotype c), Streptococcus salivarius, Lactobacillus casei and Actinomyces viscosus. Typical structure same as natural plaque was seen under microscope. The caries-like lesion produced under the plaque was observed in enamel sections. The lesion was similar in appearance to natural ones under optic and scanning electron microscopes. The acids produced in both culture media and artificial plaque were similar in composition and type to those produced in natural plaque after sugar attack. It is suggested that this kind of plaque model may be useful in studying carious process in vitro, because it is easily controlled either by changing the composition of bacteria or by adding different kinds of nutrient in the media. Moreover, the results will be easier to explain than those produced in natural ones.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1991

Solitary minute hepatocellular carcinoma. A study of 14 patients.

Fourteen patients with clinical Stage I hepatocellular carcinoma (T1N0M0) were studied. All patients were asymptomatic, and their conditions were detected by alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) serosurvey and/or ultrasonography (US) either in the natural population in the early years of the study or in the high-risk population in the later years of the study. Cirrhosis was present in all patients. Radical resection was performed in all patients. There were no operative deaths or hospital deaths in this series. The 5-year survival rate after resection was 100%. There were seven long-term survivors in this series (14.2 years (alive), 11.3 years (alive), 8.8 years (alive), 8.8 years, 7.9 years, 7.6 years (alive), and 7.2 years after resection). The authors discuss aspects concerning early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Resection of the primary liver cancer of the hepatic hilus.

Primary liver cancer (PLC) of the hepatic hilus was designated as a tumor situated at the main branch of the portal vein or pedicle of the hepatic veins in contact with the intrahepatic vena cava. That is, the main tumor located at segment I, IV, V, or VIII and concentrating on the central part of the liver was called "the central type of PLC," which differed from a tumor located at segment II, III, VI, or VII; the latter was called "the peripheral type of PLC." Surgical treatment of the PLC has been significantly improved in the past two decades, but the resection of the central type of PLC is difficult and hazardous. This institution admitted 903 PLC from January 1970 to April 1988, of which 118 cases were the central type; 65 cases were resected successfully, a resectability of 55.1%. One patient died from sepsis within 1 month of operation (mortality 1.53%). The modes of operation for the different segments are described, and suggestions for improvements are presented. The survival rates were compared with a similar number of patients with the peripheral type of tumor in the same period and treated by the same surgeons. The results show noticeable differences. The one-year, three-year, and five-year survival rates after resection were 70.9%, 43.2%, and 39.2% in the central type of PLC; they were 98.3%, 85.0%, and 76.4% in the peripheral type of PLC (P less than 0.001). Further discussion of improvements in surgical techniques and mental awareness are suggested.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1991

Cytoreduction and sequential resection: a hope for unresectable primary liver cancer.

For decades, unresectable primary liver cancer (PLC) determined by operation was incurable. However, a retrospective study of 24 years' materials with unresectable PLC indicated that 5-year survival of unresectable PLC has increased from 0% in 1966-1977 (n = 137) to 16.9% in 1978-1989 (n = 345). This encouraging improvement was mainly a result of cytoreduction therapy followed by sequential resection. Multimodality combination treatment with hepatic artery ligation, plus hepatic artery infusion with chemotherapy, plus radioimmunotherapy (or radiotherapy) yielded the highest sequential resection rate (30.6%) and 5-year survival (28.0%) as compared with double combination and single modality treatment. The 5-year survival of 33 patients receiving sequential resection after cytoreduction therapy was 63.2%. It is suggested that cytoreduction and sequential resection might offer a hope for surgically verified unresectable PLC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Amniotic fluid contains tissue factor, a potent initiator of coagulation.

A primary clinical manifestation of amniotic fluid embolism is coagulopathy. Prior studies have identified a poorly characterized yet potent procoagulant property in amniotic fluid that increases with gestational age. One possible source of procoagulant activity is tissue factor, a primary biologic initiator of coagulation. We used sensitive immunoassays and functional assays to identify substantial quantities of tissue factor antigen and tissue factor-specific procoagulant activity in amniotic fluid, which increased with gestational age. Moreover, tissue factor accounted for virtually all of the coagulant potential of amniotic fluid. Amniotic tissue factor appeared intact and membrane bound and, when reconstituted into synthetic microvesicles of optimal phospholipid content, displayed nearly full activity. Calcium chelation and sonication experiments suggested that the presence of inhibitors and the physical configuration of membrane-bound tissue factor in amniotic fluid might explain the modest reduction in tissue factor procoagulant activity relative to total antigen levels observed in vivo. We postulate that the substantial quantities of functionally active tissue factor in amniotic fluid account for the coagulation changes accompanying amniotic fluid embolism and could indirectly contribute to the characteristic hemodynamic derangements of amniotic fluid embolism.

Amnion↗
PubMed1991

[Hepatic artery ligation and intrahepatic arterial chemotherapy for nonresectable primary liver cancer].

We reported the results of hepatic artery ligation (HAL) and infusion (HAI) with chemotherapy in the treatment of 356 patients with nonresectable primary liver cancer (PLC). A comparison of data between the periods 1958-1977 (81 cases) and 1978-1989 (275 cases) revealed that remarkable improvement in survival in the latter period might be attributed to the accurate site of hepatic artery cannulation, long-term infusion with chemotherapy, and combined treatment with subsequent tumor resection. During 1978-1989, the 5-year survival rates of different treatment modalities were 0% in HAL (n = 36) alone, 7.9% in HAI (n = 67) alone, 24.4% in HAL + HAI (n = 112, with subsequent resection in 10 cases), 36.5% in HAL + HAI + radiation (internal and/or external) (n = 60, with subsequent resection in 19 cases). The results indicate that HAL + HAI + combined treatment might provide a hope for the prolongation of survival or even resection in some patients with nonresectable PLC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Hepatic artery ligation and infusion chemotherapy for unresectable primary liver cancer.

During the period of 1958-1989, 356 patients with pathologically proven primary liver cancer (PLC) were determined by laparotomy to be unresectable. Of the 356 patients, 51 (14.3%) were of subclinical stage, 287 (80.6%) of moderate stage and 18 (5.1%) of late stage. The association of liver cirrhosis was present in 310 patients (87.1%). Treatment modalities in 356 patients were divided into 4 groups: hepatic artery ligation (HAL) (51), hepatic artery infusion (HAI) of chemotherapeutic agents (114), HAL + HAI (117), and HAL + HAI + radiotherapy (74). The 5-year survival rate was zero in the 4 groups in the period of 1958-1977. During 1978-1989, however, the 5-year survival rate was zero in HAL, 7.9% in HAI, 24.4% in HAL + HAI (with second look resection in 10 patients), and 36.5% in HAL + HAI + radiotherapy (with second look resection in 19). The marked improvement in survival in later period was attributable to the accurate site of hepatic artery catheter, longer infusion chemotherapy, and combination treatment, particularly second look resection in some of the patients. These results indicate that HAL + HAI + combination treatment might provide a possible prolongation of survival or even resection in some patients with original unresectable PLC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Current management of hepatocellular carcinoma.

After a long, hopeless period in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the diagnosis and treatment of HCC have progressed remarkably in the past decade. In particular the discovery of asymptomatic HCC in the early 1970s opened up a new era in clinical research of HCC. With the progress in the diagnostic imaging of liver tumors, a 1 cm hepatic mass can now be detected. It is especially worth noting that a 5-year survival rate of 72.9% has been achieved after the resection of the tumor in asymptomatic HCC patients. The role of surgery in the treatment of HCC has become more important. Various modalities of medical treatment and combination therapy have been recommended and used. Despite the progress in the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC, a complete cure is very rare. Problems to be studied include new tumor markers for the early detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-negative HCC, the development of more specific treatments for unresectable HCC with uncompensated cirrhosis, and an effective approach to preventing recurrence and metastasis after radical resection.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1991

Hemiparkinsonism in monkeys following unilateral common carotid artery infusion of MPTP. A study of behavior, biochemistry and histology.

After local surgical exposure, we administrated 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) directly into the right common carotid artery of 5 rhesus monkeys. All the monkeys manifested akinesia, rigidity and postural tremor of the contralateral limbs, and spontaneous circling toward the MPTP treated side. These disturbances began to appear 3-4 days after injection, peaking at one month, and continued until the day of sacrifice. After treatment with madopar and apomorphine, marked improvements of the motor impairments appeared and a striking reversal of the direction of rotation away from the MPTP-treated side occurred in a dose-dependent manner. The ipsilateral neurotoxicity was confirmed biochemically by 99% reduction in the caudate-putamen dopamine levels and histologically by selective cell loss in the substantia nigra of the MPTP-treated side. It is concluded that this primate model of hemiparkinsonism is easy to reproduce and life is maintained with good health otherwise. So it may be more feasible for behavioral and pharmacological studies of Parkinson's disease.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1991

A new silent mutation found in the Chinese PAH locus and its role in the prenatal diagnosis of phenylketonuria.

A silent mutation or sequence polymorphism. A to T substitution at codon 399 in exon 11 of the PAH gene from a Chinese PKU patient, was found by sequence analysis. The frequencies of this new mutation in normal and abnormal (PKU) genes were 0.005 and 0.09, respectively, based on the analyses of 100 normal individuals and 39 PKU patients using DNA amplification with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and oligonucleotide hybridization methods. This silent mutation can be used as a "genetic marker" for PKU prenatal diagnosis. Recently, a fetus at risk for PKU, who could not be completely predicted by RFLPs linkage analysis, was prenatally diagnosed with this genetic marker.

Asian People↗