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Biomedical subjects

X C Ma

Publications and source records attributed to X C Ma.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Relationship between coronary angiography and syndrome differentiation type of TCM].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the relationship between the coronary Angiography (CA) reflected degree of coronary artery lesion and the TCM Syndrome Differentiation-type (TCM-SDT). METHODS: Patients TCM-SDT were differentiated adopting the standard of Syndrome Differentiation for coronary artery diseases revised in 1990, and the comparison of TCM-SDT with the findings in CA was carried out. RESULTS: CA examination showed that 29 patients (39.73%) were of one-artery lesion, 9 patients (12.33%) two-artery lesion and 35 patients (47.95%) three-artery lesion; the stenosis degree of them were: 54 arteries were mild stenosis, 38 moderate stenosis and 31 severe stenosis; 29 arteries were completely occluded, the sum total of affected artery was 152 (69.41%), and the other 67 arteries (30.59%) had no lesion. TCM-SDT showed that all the 73 patients had secondary Excess Syndrome, among them 73 patients (100%) with blood stasis Syndrome, 39 patients (53.4%) with Phlegm-Turbid Syndrome, 16 (21.0%) with Qi-stagnation Syndrome and 7 (9.6%) with Cold condensation Syndrome. 63 patients (86.3%) with obvious primary Deficiency Syndrome, among them, 57 (78.1%) were Qi-Deficiency, 18 (24.7%) Yang-Deficiency, 28 (38.4%) Yin-Deficiency and 5 (6.8%) Yang collapse. All patients had blood stasis of various degrees, manifesting on tongue proper prominently. In the 80.8% patients who had angina pectoris, 74.0% had their mouth, lips and gum dark red, dark purple or light dark in color. The comparison between TCM-SDT and Blood-Stasis score revealed that patients of Cold condensation-blood stasis Syndrome and Yang collapse-blood stasis Syndrome were serious. Patients of Qi stagnation-blood stasis Syndrome and Yin Deficiency-blood stasis Syndrome were mild cases, while patients of Phlegm Turbid-blood stasis Syndrome and Qi Deficiency-blood stasis Syndrome were moderate severity cases. The number of affected artery in Cold condensation patients was the most, and in Yin-Deficiency patients was the least. The coronary artery stenosis degree in patients of Qi-stagnation and Yin-Deficiency were milder than in those of Yang-collapse and Yang-Deficiency patients. CONCLUSION: The more the number of arterial lesion, the severer the degree of stenosis and the higher the blood stasis score, then the more serious the degree of stasis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Cytokine and adrenal axis responses to endotoxin.

The push-pull cannula (PPC) technique was applied to examine the kinetics of in vivo concentration changes in male rat brain extracellular fluid (ECF) of endogenous interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) after a peripheral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (25 microg/100 g b.wt. intravenously). In addition, IL-1beta, adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone concentrations in plasma were also measured at selected intervals after LPS challenge. Administration of LPS resulted in a progressive increase in the concentrations of IL-1beta in brain hypothalamic ECF. A significant increase from the zero time mean value of 77+/-10 to 393+/-88 pg/ml at the 15-min interval was recorded. The increase in IL-1beta concentration in hypothalamic ECF reached a peak of 883+/-237 pg/ml at 30 min post-LPS. CRH concentration in the same hypothalamic ECF was 41+/-17 pg/ml at time zero, 97+/-15 pg/ml at 15 min and at 30 min was significantly increased (215+/-56 pg/ml). A time course of significant increases at 30 min in plasma concentrations of IL-1beta, ACTH and corticosterone was also recorded in the same animals described above. The data show that a peripherally administered LPS bolus elicited an early (over 15 min post-injection) increase in brain ECF IL-1beta concentration; additional significant increases in hormones released from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were recorded at 30 min post-LPS injection. These observations support the concept of an early change in hypothalamic ECF concentration of IL-1beta preceding LPS-induced activation of the HPA axis.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2000

Clinical study of embolization of arteriovenous malformation in the oral and maxillofacial region.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of embolization on arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in the oral and maxillofacial region and to investigate the efficacy of several different embolic materials. CLINICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS: 10 cases with AVMs, including 5 AVMs mainly in the soft tissue and 5 intraosseous lesions, were embolized. Clinical and angiographic effects were analyzed during the 3 to 16 months follow-up. RESULTS: In the 5 cases embolized without other treatment, 1 case was embolized 3 times, 3 cases twice, and 1 case once. In these cases, postembolization angiograms revealed complete or nearly complete disappearance of the lesions. In the other 5 cases, embolized before surgery, intraoperative bleeding was significantly decreased. All these patients were free of recurrence during follow-up. Among the materials employed, NBCA seemed to offer a better result. CONCLUSIONS: Embolization may serve as the primary therapy for some AVMs in the oral and maxillofacial region, or as a routine preoperative adjunct for patients with severe intraosseous or disfiguring AVMs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Moclobemide-induced gynecomastia in rats.

AIM: To study the toxic effect of moclobemide on male breast and to elucidate its mechanism of action. METHODS: Routine histopathological analysis was used to diagnose the effect of moclobemide on male breast in rats. Plasma concentrations of estrogen, androgen, and prolactin were measured by a ratioimmunometer and relative receptors of mammary gland tissue were detected immunohistochemically. RESULTS: After 180-d moclobemide treatment, the presence of gynecomastia was 0, 5, 5, 7/10 rats in 0, 60, 240, and 600 mg/kg groups, respectively. After 30-d convalescence, only one rat in 600 mg/kg group got the incidence of gynecomastia. Serum prolactin concentration had a trend to decrease with increasing dose and prolactin receptors in mammary gland were up-regulated. CONCLUSION: Long-term treatment with moclobemide causes gynecomastia in rats, which is reversible. The mechanism of moclobemide-induced gynecomastia may be related to the increase in prolactin receptors in mammary glands.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

CD36 peptides that block cytoadherence define the CD36 binding region for Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes.

Mature Plasmodium falciparum parasitized erythrocytes (PE) sequester from the circulation by adhering to microvascular endothelial cells. PE sequestration contributes directly to the virulence and severe pathology of falciparum malaria. The scavenger receptor, CD36, is a major host receptor for PE adherence. PE adhesion to CD36 is mediated by the malarial variant antigen, P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), and particularly by its cysteine-rich interdomain region 1 (CIDR-1). Several peptides from the extended immunodominant domain of CD36 (residues 139-184), including CD36 139-155, CD36 145-171, CD36 146-164, and CD36 156-184 interfered with the CD36-PfEMP1 interaction. Each of these peptides affected binding at the low micromolar range in 2 independent assays. Two peptides, CD36 145-171 and CD36 156-184, specifically blocked PE adhesion to CD36 without affecting binding to the host receptor intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Moreover, an adhesion blocking peptide from the ICAM-1 sequence inhibits the PfEMP1-ICAM-1 interaction without affecting adhesion to CD36. These results confirm earlier observations that PfEMP1 is also a receptor for ICAM-1. Thus, the region 139-184 and particularly the 146-164 or the 145-171 regions of CD36 form the adhesion region for P. falciparum PE. Adherence blocking peptides from this region may be useful for modeling the PE/PfEMP1 interaction with CD36 and for development of potential anti-adhesion therapeutics.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Determination of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-beta1 in synovial fluid aspirates of patients with temporomandibular disorders.

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to examine the presence of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in the synovial fluid (SF) lavage specimens of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Synovial fluid lavage specimens were obtained from 14 temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of 12 patients with TMJ internal derangement (ID) and 17 TMJs of 15 patients with TMJ osteoarthritis (OA). Seven synovial fluid lavage samples of TMJs of four asymptomatic donors served as normal controls. The concentrations of IL-1ra, IL-10, and TGF-beta1 were detected with sensitive and specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sandwich-ELISA). RESULTS: IL-1ra, IL-10, and TGF-beta1 in all the normal controls were undetectable. IL-1ra concentrations were 175.78 +/- 52.43 pg/mL in the patients with TMJ ID and 187.85 +/- 59.51 pg/mL in those with TMJ OA. IL-10 was undetectable in all the TMJ ID and OA samples. The concentration of TGF-beta1 in TMJ ID patients (47.93 +/- 88.25 pg/mL) was significantly less than in patients with TMJ OA (143.61 +/- 108.00 pg/mL) (P < .01). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that deficiencies of IL-1ra, IL-10, and TGF-beta1 probably play an important role in the cause and pathogenesis of TMJ ID and OA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Studies on contributing factors in temporomandibular disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To better understand the pathogenesis of TMD by studying microtrauma of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), immune responses within TMJ, and psychosocial factors of the past ten years. METHODS: Condyle and disc movements from 38 patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) were observed with the use of videotape recording and soundtape recording techniques after TMJ arthrography. Pathological changes following occlusal trauma were examined using an animal model. Immune complexes in condyle cartilage; antibody to collagen II; and cytokines such as interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin 6 were detected in synovial fluid of TMD. Psychosocial characteristics were analyzed with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) of 80 TMD patients and the Life Events Experience Survey (LEES) of 42 TMD patients. RESULTS: Persistent and recurrent microtrauma did exist within joints of TMD patients, caused by occlusal trauma and occlusal interference. Occlusal trauma in animals could induce condyle and disc degenerative changes that are similar to the findings in TMJ osteoarthrosis patients. Sequestered antigens within cartilage could be exposed to the immune system after joint degeneration. Humoral and cellular immune responses did exist within TMJ and played an important role in the pathogenesis of TMD. Forty percent of TMD patients suffered from psychosomatic disorders, significantly more than in the healthy control. CONCLUSION: Microtrauma of TMJ, immune responses within TMJ, psychosocial factors, and anatomical structures of the TMJ itself are the four main contributing factors of TMD. Possible mechanisms of the interactions of the four factors are presented, and principles of preventing and treating TMD are also suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Identification of a region of PfEMP1 that mediates adherence of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes to CD36: conserved function with variant sequence.

Adherence of mature parasitized erythrocytes (PE) of Plasmodium falciparum to microvascular endothelial cells contributes directly to the virulence and pathology of this human malaria. The malarial variant antigen, P falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), has been implicated as the PE receptor for CD36 on endothelial cells. We identified the region of PfEMP1 that mediates adherence of PE to CD36 and showed that a recombinant protein fragment from this region blocked and reversed adherence of antigenically different parasites. Sequence variation was evident in the CD36 binding domain of different PfEMP1 genes, yet many highly conserved residues, particularly cysteine residues, are evident. This suggests a highly conserved shape that mediates adherence to CD36. Immunization with the CD36-binding domain elicited sera that are cross-reactive with the different recombinant proteins but are strain-specific for the PE surface. Novel anti-adherence therapeutics and a malaria vaccine may derived from exploitation of the structure of the CD36 binding domain of PfEMP1.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Cloning the P. falciparum gene encoding PfEMP1, a malarial variant antigen and adherence receptor on the surface of parasitized human erythrocytes.

Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes evade host immunity by expression of a cell-surface variant antigen and receptors for adherence to endothelial cells. These properties have been ascribed to P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), an antigenically diverse malarial protein of 200-350 kDa on the surface of parasitized erythrocytes (PEs). We describe the cloning of two related PfEMP1 genes from the Malayan Camp (MC) parasite strain. Antibodies generated against recombinant protein fragments of the genes were specific for MC strain PfEMP1 protein. These antibodies reacted only with the surface of MC strain PEs and blocked adherence of these cells to CD36 but without effect on adherence to thrombospondin. Multiple forms of the PfEMP1 gene are apparent in MC parasites. The molecular basis for antigenic variation in malaria and adherence of infected erythrocytes to host cells can now be pursued.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Percutaneous internal maxillary arterial embolization with ethylcellulose microspheres. Results in an animal model.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the use of ethylcellulose microspheres as long-term and peripheral emboli for percutaneous maxillofacial arterial embolization. METHODS: Eight mongrel dogs were selected randomly for internal maxillary artery embolization with ethylcellulose microspheres. After embolization, angiographic, microangiographic, and histologic examinations were performed. RESULTS: Ethylcellulose microspheres were trapped in the peripheral arterioles from 24 hours to 6 months after embolization. Degenerative changes of maxilla, mandible, and dental pulp occurred after the embolization of the internal maxillary artery with the microspheres. No evidence of whole or focal necrosis of the bones and surrounding soft tissues was found between 24 hours and 6 months after embolization. CONCLUSION: Ethylcellulose microspheres can be used as an alternative long-term and peripheral embolic agent, with potential for percutaneous maxillofacial arterial embolization.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed1995

Experimental maxillofacial arterial chemoembolization with encased-cisplatin ethylcellulose microspheres.

PURPOSE: To compare chemoembolization with conventional chemotherapy and explore the possibility of chemoembolization in the oral and maxillofacial region using encased-anticancer-drug microspheres. METHOD: Six mongrel dogs were divided into two equal groups, an experimental group undergoing maxillofacial arterial chemoembolization with cisplatin encased in ethylcellulose microspheres, and a control group undergoing the conventional chemotherapy with cisplatin. The peripheral venous cisplatin concentration and the cisplatin concentration at the local tissue were determined. RESULT: The experiment showed a significant difference in the peripheral venous cisplatin concentration between the two groups and between the time period. There was also a significant interaction between groups and time. The peak concentration in the experimental group appeared 12 to 24 hours after chemoembolization. The peak concentration in the control group appeared immediately after the anticancer drug was infused. There was a significant difference in the concentration in the local tissue between the two groups, when all time periods were aggregated. CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional chemotherapy, the maxillofacial arterial chemoembolization with cisplatin encased in ethylcellulose microspheres significantly decreases the cisplatin concentration in the peripheral venous circulation and increases the concentration in the local tissues, allowing for the possibility of target cancer therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Expression of HLA-class II antigen in gastric carcinomas. Its relationship to histopathological grade, lymphocyte infiltration and five-year survival rate.

To investigate whether the expression of HLA-DR antigen in gastric carcinomas is associated with the survival rate, we studied 70 cases of gastric carcinoma using a monoclonal antibody. Forty-seven cases (67%) stained positively, including 31 differentiated carcinomas, and 16 undifferentiated carcinomas. A close correlation was found between expression of HLA-DR antigen and differentiation of the tumor cells. Marked lymphocyte infiltration was seen in the HLA-DR antigen positive cancers. In advanced gastric cancers, the 5-year survival rate of patients with HLA-DR antigen positive cancers was significantly higher (67.5%) than that of patients with HLA-DR antigen negative cancers (40%). The data suggest that the expression of HLA-DR antigen in gastric carcinomas may reflect the degree of tumor cell differentiation, and influence the host immune response and prognosis.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Tumor necrosis factor in synovial fluids of temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome].

With the MTT tetrazolium WEHI 164 clone 13 cell cytotoxicity assay, we measured TNF alpha (tumor necrosis factor) activity in synovial fluids of TMJDS (Temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome). We found no detected TNF alpha level from 5 patients with muscle dysfunction, raised TNF alpha levels from 5 of 11 patients with internal derangement and from 9 of 11 patients with organic destruction (osteoarthritis). The findings of biologically active TNF alpha in synovial fluids of TMJDS suggest that TNF alpha may play a role in the pathogenesis of TMJDS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Magnetic resonance imaging of lateral pterygoid muscle in temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome].

Fifteen TMJS of fifteen normal controls and thirty TMJs of thirty patients with TMJDS were studied with head-coil MR imaging. T1 weighted oblique sagittal scanning in closed and opened mouth and T2 weighted oblique sagittal scanning in closed mouth were used to evaluate the lateral pterygoid muscle of the controls and the patients. The upper head of lateral pterygoid muscle was found shorter and straighter in opened mouth than that in closed mouth. It is suggested that the upper head is in the state of contraction in opened mouth. The same finding was also found in the patients with TMJDS in opened mouth. Edema and effusion in lateral pterygoid muscle were found in 80% patients with TMJDS on T2 weighted image.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Operative and pathological observations on secondary synovitis of temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome].

14 cases (16 joints) with temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome (TMJDS) were included in the present study. All the patients had severe pain of the joint for a long time and the conventional therapy was not effective. The operative and pathological findings of the 14 cases showed that synovitis secondary to microtrauma of the joint really existed and might be one of the reasons causing the severe pain of the joint in some patients with TMJDS.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Expression of sialyl-Tn antigen is correlated with survival time of patients with gastric carcinomas.

Expression of sialyl-Tn antigen (STN) was examined by an immunohistochemical method in 85 primary gastric carcinomas. The STN expression occurred in 53 (62.4%) cancers, and the positive staining was correlated with degree of gastric wall and lymph vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis, and stage of tumour. Five-year survival rates of patients with STN-positive cancers (47.2%) were significantly lower than those with STN-negative cancers (84.4%) (P < 0.01), and patients with STN-positive cancers at stage III and stage IV had a worse prognosis. In the cancers with serosal invasion, patients with STN-positive cancer disclosed a significantly poorer prognosis than those with STN-negative cancers (P < 0.01). Therefore, it is suggested that a careful follow-up study and intensive postoperative therapy are needed for patients with advanced gastric cancers with positive STN expression.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1993

Recurrent parotitis in adults. Report of 35 cases.

Clinical, laboratory and sialographic findings were studied in 35 adult patients with recurrent parotitis. The patients were followed up for 0.5-23 years. The results showed that sialographic recovery occurred 3-5 years after disappearance of clinical symptoms. Recurrent parotitis is not a autoimmune disease, and remission may take place spontaneously, including clinical and sialographic healing. However, marked degeneration of the parotid gland or chronic obstructive parotitis may develop consequently. The differential diagnosis of recurrent parotitis in adults is also discussed.

Adolescent↗