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Biomedical subjects

Witold Rzyman

Publications and source records attributed to Witold Rzyman.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

MULTIPREVENT: Integrated screening for smoking-related multimorbidity using low-dose chest computed tomography.

OBJECTIVES: Tobacco consumption, combined with individual genetic predispositions, contributes to an age-dependent risk not only for lung cancer but also for other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), osteoporosis, and diabetes. The MULTIPREVENT project aims to validate whether low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) of the chest, combined with simple biomarkers, functional tests, and genomic profiling, can serve as an effective tool for comprehensive health assessment and risk prediction of multimorbidity in adults. STUDY DESIGN: The study is based on a prospective epidemiological design involving 3000 participants from the MOLTEST-BIS lung cancer screening cohort (2016-2018). These participants, aged 50-79 years (during MOLTEST-BIS) and with a smoking history of at least 30 pack-years, will undergo two follow-up assessments in 2025-2027 and 2030-2032. METHODS: Each follow-up includes LDCT, spirometry, standardized blood pressure measurement, anthropometric evaluation, biomarker assessment (lipid profile, lipoprotein(a), glycated haemoglobin), and health-related questionnaires. Genetic profiling will be performed using the Illumina Infinium Global Screening Arrays approach to identify inherited predispositions to major NCDs. All data, clinical, imaging (including radiomics), molecular, and genetic, will be integrated through machine learning algorithms to develop AI-based risk prediction models. RESULTS: The MULTIPREVENT study is expected to generate a wide range of scientific, clinical, and infrastructural results that will serve as a foundation for future public health initiatives in integrated prevention. CONCLUSIONS: By linking imaging and biochemical markers, genetic susceptibility, and clinical parameters within a longitudinal design, MULTIPREVENT will establish data-driven, AI-supported prevention strategies aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality among adults exposed to tobacco. The project will also serve as a model for population-based multimorbidity prevention programs.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Increased risk of non-small cell lung cancer and frequency of somatic TP53 gene mutations in Pro72 carriers of TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism.

The aim of this study was to assess whether the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additionally, in NSCLC patients, we investigated a potential association between this polymorphism and somatic TP53 gene mutations in tumour cells. The study group included 240 NSCLC patients who underwent curative pulmonary resection. The control group (576 healthy subjects) was matched for sex and cigarette smoking. TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism was determined by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. Tumours from 157 NSCLC patients were analysed for mutation in TP53 exons 5-8 by single strand conformation polymorphism, followed by sequencing of samples with different band pattern. Tumours from the remaining 83 patients were subjected to a direct sequencing of TP53 exons 5-8. The proportion of Pro homo/heterozygotes versus Arg homozygotes was significantly higher in NSCLC patients (54%) than in controls (46%, p = 0.034). The crude odds ratio for NSCLC development in Pro72 allele carriers was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.03-1.88). When adjusted for sex, age and smoking status in the multivariate logistic regression model, odds ratio for NSCLC development was 1.28 (95% CI: 0.91-1.80). Somatic TP53 mutations were found in 62 out of 240 NSCLC patients (26%), more frequently in Pro carriers (31%) than in Arg homozygotes (20%, p = 0.06). These results indicate that the TP53 codon 72 Pro allele may increase the risk of NSCLC. Additionally, the correlation between Pro72 and somatic TP53 mutations suggests that Pro72 allele carriers may be predisposed to tumour development along a p53 associated form of NSCLC, a finding that warrants further investigations.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Intraoperative, radio-guided sentinel lymph node mapping in 110 nonsmall cell lung cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node identification has been tested in lung cancer patients with conflicting results. The present study was designed to assess the sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy of intraoperative sentinel lymph node mapping by means of a radio-guided method in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer to find the most appropriate definition of sentinel lymph node and to evaluate the usefulness of different particle sizes of radiocolloid. METHODS: One hundred ten patients with clinically N0 nonsmall cell lung cancer were enrolled in the pilot study of intraoperative sentinel node identification. Four quadrants of the peritumoral tissue were injected with 2 mL of 0.5 mCi technetium-99m suspension. Four radiocolloids of different particle size were used. After complete lymphadenectomy, all resected lymph nodes were examined with hematoxylin-eosin staining. All sentinel nodes negative for metastases by routine staining were searched further for metastatic deposits with both serial sections and immunohistochemistry for cytokeratins. RESULTS: The radio-guided method had a high identification rate, a high sensitivity, and a high negative predictive value (100%, 87%, and 93%, respectively) when immunohistochemistry was considered. When standard hematoxylin and eosin staining was applied, sensitivity and negative predictive value of sentinel lymph node labeling was lower (74% and 89%, respectively). No significant differences were found in either the sensitivity or negative predictive value among the colloid solutions of different particle size used in radio labeling, although smaller particles have shown a tendency to produce better results. CONCLUSIONS: The radio-guided technique provides efficient sentinel lymph node identification in lung cancer. Further studies are warranted to confirm the clinical utility of this strategy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis].

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: To evaluate the results of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis we performed retrospective analysis of 82 consecutive patients in the mean age of 39 +/- 15 treated between 1991 and 2001. All patients underwent extended thymectomy by median sternotomy. Follow-up was assessed in 74 of 81(91.4%) patients, in the mean age of 39 +/- 15, discharged from the Department. RESULTS: Fifty three (71.6%) patients had symptoms of myasthenia gravis for less than 2 years. According to Osserman's classification 8 (10.8%) patients were assessed as class I, 32 (43.2%) as IIA 26 (35.2%) as IIB and 8 (10.8%) as IIC. In the postoperative period 8 (10.8%) patients had respiratory insufficiency, 5 (6.8%) were reoperated for bleeding. One patient died (1.4%) due to bilateral pneumonia and pulmonary insufficiency. After thymectomy the improvement of patient's clinical status was observed in 46 patients (86.4%) and complete remission was in 13 patients (17.6%). Prompt improvement after thymectomy (p = 0.008) and short duration of symptoms (p = 0.036) are positive predictive factors. Patients in class I had significantly better prognosis concerning complete remission (p = 0.036). Age, gender, histology of the thymus, and type of the thymoma had no influence on long time follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Extended thymectomy is a safe procedure leading to the improvement in majority of patients treated for myasthenia gravis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Analysis of prognostic value of TP53 gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer].

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and prognostic value of TP53 gene somatic mutations in non-small cell lung cancer. The study group included 240 NSCLC patients who underwent pulmonary resection at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk. Tumour samples were evaluated for the presence of TP53 gene mutations in exons 5-8. In 157 cases SSCP method was used as a screening followed by sequencing of positive samples. In the remaining 83 patients mutations were analysed by direct sequencing. A total of 76 mutations (32%) were found, of those a missense type was dominant (67%), followed by silent and null type mutations (14% and 10%, respectively). There was no correlation between mutations and clinical characteristics, including age, sex, histological subtype, differentiation, tumour size, lymph node metastases, pTNM stage and smoking status. A multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that tumour differentiation and pTNM stage were independent prognostic factors, whereas TP53 gene mutations were not. The results of this study indicate that TP53 gene mutations in NSCLC patients are not correlated with clinical characteristics and have no impact on survival.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

P53 and K-ras mutations are frequent events in microscopically negative surgical margins from patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The objective of the current study was to determine whether tumor cells harboring P53 and K-ras mutations could be detected in histopathologically tumor-free surgical margins in patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma who underwent complete pulmonary resection. METHODS: In 118 consecutive patients, DNA obtained from primary tumors and from surgical margins was extracted for molecular analysis. A fragment of P53 gene encompassing exons 5-8 and codon 12 of the K-ras gene were amplified with the polymerase chain reaction technique and were assayed for the presence of mutations. RESULTS: P53 and K-ras mutations were found in 30% and 39% of primary tumors, respectively, and in 11 (9%) and 22 (18%) apparently tumor-free surgical margins, respectively. At least 1 of those mutations was found in surgical margins in 29 patients (25%), and both mutations were found in 2 patients (1.7%). P53 mutations in surgical margins accompanied mutations in primary tumors in 9 of 35 patients (26%), and K-ras mutations accompanied mutations in primary tumors in 20 of 46 patients (44%). Among patients with either mutation in primary tumors, the incidence of at least 1 mutation in surgical margins was 43% (28 of 65 patients). In four patients, mutations (two K-ras mutations and two P53 mutations) were found in surgical margins despite the absence of the corresponding mutations in primary tumors. The presence of mutations in primary tumors and in surgical margins was not related significantly to clinical characteristics or to patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: P53 and K-ras mutations are frequent events in surgical margins determined to be tumor free on light microscopy. The clinical relevance of these findings remains to be established.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

One step removal of dumb-bell tumors by postero-lateral thoracotomy and extended foraminectomy.

OBJECTIVE: Thoracic dumb-bell tumors are rare, usually benign tumors in the posterior mediastinum, consisting of intrathoracic and intraspinal parts. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice, performed by two teams - neurosurgeons and thoracic surgeons operating in a prescribed order. METHODS: Between 1994 and 1997 five patients had dumb-bell tumors removed in a one-step operation involving postero-lateral thoracotomy and extended foraminectomy. This operating method, rarely described in the medical literature, consists of intrathoracic and intraspinal parts being performed by a thoracic team independently or with the assistance of a neurosurgeon. Initially the intrathoracic part is resected, followed by an extensive widening of the intervertebral foramen to an appropriate extension and the removal of the remaining intraspinal part of the tumor. RESULTS: Four postero-lateral thoracotomies and one incision over a huge tumor in the thoraco-lumbal region, without entering the pleural cavity, were performed. In one patient postoperative, transient leakage of the cerebral fluid was observed. No form of late complications or neurologic sequelae have been reported within a 5-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: One-step removal of a dumb-bell tumor by postero-lateral thoracotomy and extended foraminectomy is a safe surgical procedure that can be performed by the thoracic team alone. Early and late surgical results confirm the appropriateness and usefulness of the method.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The influence of blood transfusion on survival in operated non-small cell lung cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: It has been postulated that allogeneic transfusions have immunosuppressive effects that can promote tumor growth and metastasis formation. Despite the variety of publications on this controversial topic, the influence of blood transfusion on survival is not yet clearly identified. The impact of autologous blood transfusion on survival has only occasionally been analyzed in cancer patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of perioperative allogeneic and autologous blood transfusions on survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with curative pulmonary resection. METHODS: Of 493 consecutive patients, 185 (37.5%) received allogeneic blood products and 145 (29.4%) received autologous blood products, whereas 163 patients (33.1%) received no blood products. Survival analysis included univariate log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression model. RESULTS: Three-year survival probabilities in allogeneic, autologous, and nontransfused groups were 40%, 48%, and 61%, respectively, and the estimated 5-year survival probabilities were 34%, 38%, and 48%, respectively. In the univariate analysis there was a reduced survival in allogeneic versus nontransfused group (P <.01). In the multivariate analysis stage (P <.01), initial hemoglobin level (P =.01) and sedimentation rate (P =.03) remained significant factors, whereas the type of blood transfusion (allogeneic versus autologous) was no longer significant. There was no significant impact of transfusion in the multivariate analysis when patients in stage III or patients who underwent pneumonectomy were excluded. CONCLUSION: Neither allogeneic nor autologous blood transfusion has independent, adverse survival impact in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with radical pulmonary resection.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Results of treatment for chronic pleural empyema].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to assess the results of the treatment in 97 patients with chronic pleural empyema treated in the department of thoracic surgery between 1988 and 1997. The majority of patients were between 30 and 50 years old. Most of the group were men and more than a half had a concomitant disease, which may predispose to empyema development. Nevertheless all the empyemas were in the chronic phase 1/3 of patients were successfully treated only with closed chest tube drainage and the remaining group with lung decortication. The Gram-negative bacterial flora dominated in the culture from empyema sac. Spirometric values and blood gas analysis showed significant reduction of lung function before the treatment. We found the relation between an early institution of closed tube drainage and the shorter stay at the hospital. Moreover in a significant proportion of patients pleural drainage was a sufficient way of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Drainage of the empyema should be performed at early phase of the disease. It should be recommended that pleural drainage precede the surgical management of empyema. Delate of surgical intervention is the main cause of the high mortality rate in empyema following esophageal perforation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Decortication in chronic pleural empyema - effect on lung function.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the lung function before and after the lung decortication in patients with chronic pleural empyema (CPE). METHODS: Twenty-six patients with diagnosis of CPE were evaluated in a prospective manner by lung perfusion scintigraphy, blood gas analysis and spirometry before and 35 weeks (+/-17) after the lung decortication. RESULTS: Preoperative scintigraphy showed reduction of lung perfusion on the affected side to 24.5% (+/-12.6%) in 11 right side empyemas (predicted value 55%) and to 18% (+/-8%) in 15 left side empyemas (predicted value 45%). The postoperative measurements showed improvement in perfusion to 45.2% (+/-7.7%) in patients with right side empyema and 34.1% (+/-8.5%) with the left side affection. The preoperative vital capacity (VC) was reduced to 62.3% (+/-13.8%) of the predicted value and forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) to 50% (+/-15.5%) of the predicted value. Postoperatively, slight improvement was achieved to 79.8 % (+/-12.9%) for VC and 69.2% (+/-12.7%) for FEV1. Blood gas analysis showed decreased values in majority of the patients before operation and significant improvement in postoperative evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Perfusion and spirometry improves significantly in patients with CPE after the lung decortication but function of the affected lung remains impaired. There was no influence of the age, gender, side of the disease, bacteriology or duration of the empyema before operation on lung function.

Adult↗