Biomedical subjects

Wei Fang

Publications and source records attributed to Wei Fang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

Biomimetic mesoporous silica nanosphere ameliorate experimental autoimmune uveitis by delivering sCD83.

Autoimmune uveitis (AU) is an autoimmune disease that may lead to blindness, but there are currently no precise targeted therapies for its prevention and treatment. Dendritic cell (DC) is key cell involved in the pathogenesis of AU, and specific regulation of their state can help improve AU. In this work, mesoporous silica nanospheres were loaded with the immunomodulator soluble CD83 (sCD83) and subsequently camouflaged with dendritic cell (DC) membranes to fabricate the nanocarrier DCM@MSN/sCD83 for treating experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Research results show that DCM@MSN/sCD83 effectively alleviated the symptoms of uveitis in EAU, reduced the proportion of CD4+CD25-T cell/CD4+CD25+T cell and the percentage of DC in the eyes and cervical lymph nodes. It also decreased the expression of STING in Müller cell. Furthermore, the efficacy of DCM@MSN/sCD83 was found to be primarily targeting DC, and promoted the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in DC by activating the phosphorylated HIF/STAT3 pathway, to induce the production of CD4+CD25+ T. This effect is superior to nanomedicine loaded with dexamethasone. Moreover，DCM enabled the nanocarriers to efficiently cross the blood-eye barrier and reach cervical lymph nodes, thereby regulating peripheral immunity. This research indicate that cell membrane-modified nanoparticles targeting homologous cells can effectively improve treatment efficiency and duration, which is potential therapy strategy for uveitis.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Retinoic acid inhibits HIV-1-induced podocyte proliferation through the cAMP pathway.

HIV-associated nephropathy is characterized by renal podocyte proliferation and dedifferentiation. This study found that all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) reverses the effects of HIV-1 infection in podocytes. Treatment with atRA reduced cell proliferation rate by causing G1 arrest and restored the expression of the differentiation markers (synaptopodin, nephrin, podocin, and WT-1) in HIV-1-infected podocytes. It is interesting that both atRA and 9-cis RA increased intracellular cAMP levels in podocytes. Podocytes expressed most isoforms of retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR) with the exception of RXRgamma. RARalpha antagonists blocked atRA-induced cAMP production and its antiproliferative and prodifferentiation effects on podocytes, suggesting that RARalpha is required. For determination of the effect of increased intracellular cAMP on HIV-infected podocytes, cells were stimulated with either forskolin or 8-bromo-cAMP. Both compounds inhibited cell proliferation significantly and restored synaptopodin expression in HIV-infected podocytes. The effects of atRA were abolished by Rp-cAMP, an inhibitor of the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway and were enhanced by rolipram, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4, suggesting that the antiproliferative and prodifferentiation effects of atRA on HIV-infected podocytes are cAMP dependent. Furthermore, both atRA and forskolin suppressed HIV-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and 2 and Stat3 phosphorylation. In vivo, atRA reduced proteinuria, cell proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis in HIV-1-transgenic mice. These findings suggest that atRA reverses the abnormal phenotype in HIV-1-infected podocytes by stimulating RARalpha-mediated intracellular cAMP production. These results demonstrate the mechanism by which atRA reverses the proliferation of podocytes that is induced by HIV-1.

AIDS-Associated Nephropathy↗

PubMed2006

Molecular cloning and characterization of IL-15R alpha gene in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

The alpha-chain of IL-15 receptor complex serves as a high-affinity, specific subunit for IL-15 binding. It shares functional and structural features with IL-2 receptor alpha-chain. Here we report for the first time that the molecular cloning, characterization and sequence analysis of the teleostean IL-15R alpha from Oncorhynchus mykiss. The full-length cDNA comprises of a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 167 bp, an open reading frame of 732 bp and a large 3'UTR of 630 bp, constitutively expressed in all the tissues examined. Another two variants are found derived from alternative splicing. Two copies of rainbow trout IL-15R alpha (rtIL-15R alpha) were detected in the genome by Southern blot hybridization. Moreover, EST evidence is also traced from other fishes. The deduced rtIL-15R alpha of 243 amino acids contains a 17 aa signal peptide at N-terminus and a transmembrane region at C-terminus, as well as a typical sushi domain included in the extracellular region. Phylogenetic tree analysis groups rtIL-15R alpha with other IL-15R alphas but separates it from IL-2R alphas. In addition, a putative sequence was found in the sushi domain which is conserved and versatile among all species and this might relate to cytokine recognition.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2006

Selective antagonism activity of alkaloids from bulbs Fritillariae at muscarinic receptors: functional studies.

15 alkaloids were isolated from five Fritillariae species and 6 derivatives were synthesized. Alkaloids having anticholinergic effect on guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle were screened out and their mechanism was further studied on the cAMP formation in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing human muscarinic M2 receptor (CHO-hM2 cells) and intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) transient in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing human muscarinic M3 receptor (CHO-hM3 cells). In normal Krebs-Henseleit (KH) solution, imperialine (15), 3beta-acetylimperialine (16) and sinpeinine A (17) concentration-dependently relaxed 1 microM carbachol-induced contraction of guinea-pig tracheal rings with EC(50) of 4.19, 1.71 and 4.67 microM, respectively. In Ca(2+)-free KH solution, 10 microM 3beta-acetylimperialine (16), imperialine (15) and sinpeinnine A (17) caused 97.42%, 5.45% and 6.55% inhibition, respectively, which indicated that the three components might inhibit muscarinic receptor in different mechanism. Results of muscarinic M2 receptor-inhibited cAMP formation in CHO-hM2 cells showed that imperialine (15) and sinpeinine A (17) could potently elevate the cAMP formation whereas 3beta-acetylimperialine (16) only had weak effect on antagonism of cAMP inhibition. Furthermore, the investigations of muscarinic M3 receptor-stimulated [Ca(2+)](i) transient in CHO-hM3 cells revealed that imperialine (15) and sinpeinine A (17) could not antagonize [Ca(2+)](i) transient, but 3beta-acetylimperialine (16) significantly inhibited [Ca(2+)](i) peak elevation with an IC(50) of 5.26 microM. The functional studies suggest that the mechanism of relaxant action of imperialine (15) and sinpeinine A (17) is due to their selective inhibitory effects on muscarinic M2 receptors and the mechanism of 3beta-acetylimperialine (16) originates from its selective muscarinic M3 receptors antagonism.

Alkaloids↗

PubMed2006

Cadmium accumulation in different rice cultivars and screening for pollution-safe cultivars of rice.

Large areas of contaminated land are being used for agricultural production in some countries due to the high demand for food. To minimize the influx of pollutants to the human food chain through consumption of agricultural products, we propose the concept of pollution-safe cultivars (PSCs), i.e. cultivars whose edible parts accumulate a specific pollutant at a level low enough for safe consumption, even when grown in contaminated soil. We tested the feasibility of the PSC concept by growing 43 cultivars of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L., including 20 normal and 23 hybrid cultivars) under a high (75.69-77.55 mg kg(-1)) and a low (1.75-1.85 mg kg(-1)) cadmium (Cd) exposure. These pot experiments took place in the spring and summer of 2004. At the low level of Cd exposure, 30 out of the 43 tested cultivars were found to be Cd-PSCs. Grain Cd concentrations were highly correlated (p<0.01) between the two experiments, suggesting that Cd accumulation in rice grain is genotype-dependent and that the selection of PSCs is possible, at least at a certain level of soil contamination. No Cd-PSCs were found under the high level of Cd exposure. Yield was enhanced in some cultivars and depressed in others in response to elevated soil Cd, indicating that farmers cannot rely on yield depression as an indicator of toxicity of the grains. It is therefore important and feasible to screen for PSCs and to establish PSC breeding programs to effectively and efficiently reduce the risk of human exposure to soil pollutants, such as Cd, through crop consumption.

Cadmium↗

PubMed2006

Cloning, characterization and expression analysis of two Tetraodon nigroviridis interleukin-16 isoform genes.

Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine that functions as a chemoattractant factor and is well characterized in human and other mammals, but is largely unknown in fish. In the present study, two isoforms of pro-IL-16 homologues were cloned and characterized from pufferfish Tetraodon nigroviridis. The full-length T. nigroviridis pro-IL-16 isoform 1 cDNA exhibits 2453 bp in size including 291 bp 5'UTR (untranslated region), 1704 bp ORF (open reading frame) and 458 bp 3'UTR, while pro-IL-16 isoform 2 cDNA exhibits a 3801 bp ORF and a 458 bp 3'UTR. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that the pro-IL-16 isoform 1 with a predicted mass of 60.6 kDa contained two PDZ (postsynaptic density/disc large/zona occludens-1) domains, whereas the 138.2 kDa pro-IL-16 isoform 2 had two additional PDZ domains in its N-terminal extension. RT-PCR results revealed that ,almost in all examined organs and tissues, the mRNA of both pro-IL-16 isoforms can be detected, except in intestine and gill, where the isoform 2 mRNA is absent. The two putative precursor proteins showed 30.0-33.0% identity to various mammalian and avian homologues. This is the first report of such genes in teleostean fish and we hope the molecular characterization of these two pro-IL-16 isoforms will provide insights into the study of both evolution of IL-16 precursor proteins and the immune system as a whole.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2006

Identification and characterization of an interleukin-15 homologue from Tetraodon nigroviridis.

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) plays an important role in adaptive immune systems in vertebrates with similar bioactivities to interleukin-2 (IL-2). Here we report molecular cloning, sequence analysis and distribution of an IL-15 homologue from a pufferfish (Tetraodon nigroviridis). It is located within a 3,088 bp genomic fragment, transcribed into a 1,056 bp mRNA including 158 bp 5'UTR (untranslated region), 519 bp ORF (open reading frame) and 379 bp 3'UTR. T. nigroviridis IL-15 is constitutively detectable in tissues and organs selected. Levels of transcripts were observed after various stimulations. Gene organization is similar to mammals and birds, and a high degree of conservation of chromosome synteny exists between them. Systematic genomics search against Takifugu rubripes genome supports our conclusions. The T. nigroviridis IL-15 precursor with 172aa (amino acids) contains a putative 53aa signal peptide, while the mature peptide has a calculated molecular mass of 13.36 kDa and a theoretical pI of 4.67. The protein sequence shares 13.3-62.1% identity with reported IL-15s. Phylogenetic analysis grouped Tetraodon with other fish on a separated branch, excluded from mammalian and avian IL-15s. In addition, our analysis on another annotated T. nigroviridis IL-15 demonstrated that it may be a paralogue of IL-15. To differentiate it from the known IL-15s, we described it as IL-15x.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2006

Flavan-4-ol Glycosides from the Rhizomes of Abacopteris penangiana.

Four new flavan-4-ol glycosides, abacopterins A-D (1-4), were isolated from a methanol extract of the rhizomes of Abacopteris penangiana, together with two known compounds, triphyllin A (5) and 6,8-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-4'-methoxyanthocyanidin-5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. The cytotoxic activity of 1-5 against HepG2 human hepatoma cells was investigated.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗

PubMed2006

Acetylated flavanone glycosides from the rhizomes of Cyclosorus acuminatus.

Six new flavanone glycosides (1-6) were isolated from the methanol extract of the rhizomes of Cyclosorus acuminatus, together with the parent flavanone glycoside 2a. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods. All compounds showed moderate activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

Anti-Infective Agents↗

PubMed2006

Inhibitors of acetylcholine esterase in vitro--screening of steroidal alkaloids from Fritillaria species.

18 alkaloids were successfully isolated from five Fritillaria species and 5 derivatives were synthesized. Their effects on the bioactivity of human whole blood cholinesterase (ChE) were assessed. The results showed that N-demethylpuqietinone, hupeheninoside, ebeiedinone, yibeinoside A and chuanbeinone inhibited the bioactivity of human whole blood ChE at the concentration of 1.0 x 10 ( - 4) M, with the inhibitory effects of 55.5 +/- 2.7 %, 66.8 +/- 2.0 %, 69.0 +/- 1.7 %, 71.2 +/- 1.8 % and 70.7 +/- 3.3 %, respectively. The effects of the five alkaloids on human red blood cell (RBC) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and human plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were further studied, and their IC (50) values for human RBC AChE were 6.4 +/- 0.003 microM, 16.9 +/- 0.018 microM, 5.7 +/- 0.004 microM, 6.5 +/- 0.013 microM and 7.7 +/- 0.001 microM, respectively, and the IC50 values for human plasma BChE were 12.5 +/- 0.026 microM, 2.1 +/- 0.005 microM, 5.2 +/- 0.002 microM, 7.3 +/- 0.005 microM and 0.7 +/- 0.001 microM, respectively. These data suggest, therefore, that N-demethylpuqietinone, hupeheninoside, ebeiedinone, yibeinoside A and chuanbeinone have both anti-RBC AChE and anti-plasma BChE activities, N-demethylpuqietinone is a selective inhibitor of AChE, whereas hupeheninoside and chuanbeinone are the selective inhibitors of BChE.

Alkaloids↗

PubMed2006

Expression of a laccase cDNA from Trametes sp. AH28-2 in Pichia pastoris and mutagenesis of transformants by nitrogen ion implantation.

A laccase cDNA from Trametes sp. AH28-2 was expressed in Pichia pastoris, with the highest expression level of 4.0 mg L-1 (1360 U mg-1). The apparent Km (24.6 microM) for ABTS (2,2'-azinobis [3-ethylbenzothia-zoline-6-sulfonic acid]) and the carbohydrate content of the recombinant laccase A (rLacA) are approximately identical to those of the native LacA (nLacA). However, the two enzymes differed in the pH optimum when both ABTS and guaiacol served as substrates. The optimum pH for enzyme stability is 5.5 for rLacA. Thermal stability was also investigated. The mutagenesis of rLacA utilizing low-energy nitrogen ion implantation resulted in the isolation of a yeast clone that produced 7.7 mg L-1 (1085 U mg-1) of laccase, 92.5% more than the nonirradiated control (4.0 mg L-1). Compared with rLacA, the mutant LacA (mLacA) with five amino-acid residue changes in the coding sequence showed a slight change in its catalytic ability but superior thermal stability.

Cloning, Molecular↗

PubMed2006

[Clinical significance of early diagnose and treatment of subclinical renal allograft rejection].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical significance of early diagnose and treatment of subclinical renal allograft rejection. METHODS: Ninety-six renal allograft recipients (54 male and 42 female) with normal renal function aged 17 to 58 years (mean 37.5 years) were included in this study. Early subclinical rejection was diagnosed 3 months after the transplantation by color Doppler examination. RESULTS: Patients with early subclinical rejection were given methylpredisolone followed by adjustment of immunosuppressive regimens, and no difference was observed in 3-year survival rate between these patients and those with normal renal allograft findings. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and treatment of subclinical renal allograft rejection is significant to improve renal allograft survival rate.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

[Control study on effect of pricking collateral blood therapy combined with massage on mild carpal tunnel syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of massage alone or in combination with pricking collateral blood therapy (PCBT) on mild carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). METHODS: Sixty cases with mild CTS were randomly assigned into two groups, the control group treated with massage therapy alone, and the treated group with PCBT at the six Jing points of the affected upper limb combined with massage, 30 cases in each group. The therapy was conducted in all patients for 3 courses. The therapeutic effect was observed and the differential value (D-value) of sensory conduction velocity (SCV) between the median and ulnar nerves of the fourth digit (D4) was detected before and after each course of therapy. RESULTS: After 3 treatment courses, excellent, therapeutic effect was shown in 26 patients and good effect in 4 of the treated group, while in the control group, the effect was excellent in 8, good in 20, and improved in 2. The effect was better in the former group than that in the latter (P<0.05). Marked difference in the D-value of SCV was shown at the end of each course in both groups (P<0.05). As compared it between the two groups, significant difference was shown at the end of the 1st and 3rd course respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Combined treatment of massage and PCBT showed better effect on mild CTS than massage therapy alone, and the onset time may positively correlated to the frequency of applying PCBT.

Acupuncture Therapy↗

PubMed2006

99mTc-labeled C2A domain of synaptotagmin I as a target-specific molecular probe for noninvasive imaging of acute myocardial infarction.

UNLABELLED: The exposure of phosphatidylserine (PtdS) is a common molecular marker for both apoptosis and necrosis and enables the simultaneous detection of these distinct modes of cell death. Our aim was to develop a radiotracer based on the PtdS-binding activity of the C2A domain of synaptotagmin I and assess 99mTc-C2A-GST (GST is glutathione S-transferase) using a reperfused acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rat model. METHODS: The binding of C2A-GST toward apoptosis and necrosis was validated in vitro. After labeling with 99mTc via 2-iminothiolane thiolation, radiochemical purity and radiostability were tested. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution were studied in healthy rats. The uptake of 99mTc-C2A-GST within the area at risk was quantified by direct gamma-counting, whereas nonspecific accumulation was estimated using inactivated 99mTc-C2A-GST. In vivo planar imaging of AMI in rats was performed on a gamma-camera using a parallel-hole collimator. Radioactivity uptake was investigated by region-of-interest analysis, and postmortem tetrazolium staining versus autoradiography. RESULTS: Fluorescently labeled and radiolabeled C2A-GST bound both apoptotic and necrotic cells. 99mTc-C2A-GST had a radiochemical purity of >98% and remained stable. After intravenous injection, the uptake in the liver and kidneys was significant. For 99mTc-C2A-GST, radioactivity uptake in the area at risk reached between 2.40 and 2.63 %ID/g (%ID/g is percentage injected dose per gram) within 30 min and remained plateaued for at least 3 h. In comparison, with the inactivated tracer the radioactivity reached 1.06 +/- 0.49 %ID/g at 30 min, followed by washout to 0.52 +/- 0.23 %ID/g. In 7 of 7 rats, the infarct was clearly identifiable as focal uptake in planar images. At 3 h after injection, the infarct-to-lung ratios were 2.48 +/- 0.27, 1.29 +/- 0.09, and 1.46 +/- 0.04 for acute-infarct rats with (99m)Tc-C2A-GST, sham-operated rats with (99m)Tc-C2A-GST, and acute-infarct rats with 99mTc-C2A-GST-NHS (NHS is N-hydroxy succinimide), respectively. The distribution of radioactivity was confirmed by autoradiography and histology. CONCLUSION: The C2A domain of synaptotagmin I labeled with fluorochromes or a radioisotope binds to both apoptotic and necrotic cells. Ex vivo and in vivo data indicate that, because of elevated vascular permeability, both specific binding and passive leakage contribute to the accumulation of the radiotracer in the area at risk. However, the latter component alone is insufficient to achieve detectable target-to-background ratios with in vivo planar imaging.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Responses of Azorhizobium caulinodans to cadmium stress.

The symbiosis of Azorhizobium caulinodans and an annul legume Sesbania rostrata was recently found to be tolerant to cadmium pollution by an unknown mechanism. In this study, A. caulinodans ORS571 and ZY-20 showed much stronger tolerance to cadmium than a mutant ORS571-X15 and a common Rhizobium sp., with minimum inhibitory concentration values as high as 4 and 5 mM (versus 1 and 0.1 mM) on yeast extract mannitol agar medium, respectively. Although Cd uptake by all three strains of A. caulinodans were mostly from absorption rather than binding (both loosely or tightly) on cell surface, in resistant strains a higher portion of extractable Cd was bound on the cell surface vs. absorbed (about 1:2.5 ratio) compared to the sensitive mutant (about 1:35.1 ratio). These results suggest that certain level of metal exclusion by a permeability barrier was involved in the mechanism of resistance to Cd by A. caulinodans ORS571 and ZY-20. Over the 12-h period of cultivation in yeast extract mannitol agar medium with Cd addition, the Cd concentrations in the outer membrane and periplasm and spheroplast were the highest at the first 3 h, and declined steadily over time. The fact that Cd concentrations in spheroplast of all three strains were many folds higher than those in outer membrane and periplasm, suggests that extracellular sequestration was not the only mechanism of Cd tolerance in A. caulinodans. The decline of Cd concentrations was significantly faster and started earlier in strains ORS571 and ZY-20 than in ORS571-X15. This suggests a second, probably more substantial, mechanism involves active transport of the metal from the cell, e.g., some efflux system for maintaining homeostasis under cadmium stress.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2005

[The role of hypoxia on expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in synovial fibroblasts derived from human temporomandular joint].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of hypoxia on expression of COX-2 in synovial fibroblasts derived from human TMJ and to analyze the biological role of COX-2 on TMJ disorders. METHODS: Synovial fibroblasts were induced by hypoxia, COX-2 expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. Moreover, cells were stimulated by hypoxia or celecoxib or both of them, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), matrix metalloproteinase 2, 9 (MMP-2, MMP-9) release was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or gelatin zymography. Cells that were placed under normoxic conditons were used as controls. RESULTS: (1) In response to hypoxia, at 4 h (1.51 +/- 0.34), 8 h (1.39 +/- 0.57), significant elevation of COX-2 mRNA expression occurred, compared with data (0.65 +/- 0.24), (0.71 +/- 0.15) under normoxic condition (both P < 0.05). (2) The elevation of COX-2 protein was detectable at 6 h (0.29 +/- 0.06), 12 h (0.51 +/- 0.09), 24 h (0.68 +/- 0.11), contrasted with normoxia (all P < 0.01). Therefore, it is suggested that COX-2 expression pattern present a time-dependent response to hypoxic conditions. (3) The concentration of PGE(2) released by synovial fibroblasts under 12 h hypoxic condition (7.6 ng/ml +/- 0.8 ng/ml) was significantly higher than those under normoxic condition (2.5 ng/ml +/- 0.4 ng/ml, P < 0.01) or in response to celecoxib combined with hypoxia (4.3 ng/ml +/- 0.4 ng/ml, P < 0.05). (4) The amount of MMP-2, MMP-9 produced by synovial fibroblasts under 12 h hypoxic condition was upregulated compared with that under normoxia or in response to celecoxib combined with hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoxia is, at least in part, responsible for the pathogenesis of TMJ disorders, probably by promoting COX-2 expression of synovial fibroblasts derived from TMJ.

Cell Hypoxia↗

PubMed2005

[Latest cognition of treatment on deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of surgical procedure combined with the intravascular minimal invasive technique for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremity. METHODS: At the curse of disease from six hours to ninety days, one hundred and two patients with DVT including one hundred and three lower extremities had received surgical procedure and intravascular minimal invasive treatment. RESULTS: There were not procedure-related morbidities in 102 cases, and symptoms disappeared, all procedures were successful based on angiography. The detecting head for the intravascular ultrasound ablation was entered to inferior vena cava (IVC) in 74 cases (78%), Forgarty catheter was entered to IVC in 21 cases (21%), the stenosis in the confluence of the common iliac vein and IVC was dilated by sacculus rotundus catheter in 89 cases (88%), including 9 patients underwent percutaneous transluminal stenting. One hundred and two patients followed up for twenty months, follow-up by angiography showed no restenosis in 91 cases, restenosis in ilio-femoral vein in 1 cases, and thrombus recontouring in 4 cases, as well as 6 cases died caused by primary disease. CONCLUSION: Surgical procedure combined with the intravascular minimal invasive technique is a safe and effective therapeutic method for DVT.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Hyperhydricity in shoot cultures of Scrophularia yoshimurae can be effectively reduced by ventilation of culture vessels.

An effective procedure for obtaining healthy shoots from nodal segments of Scrophularia yoshimurae is described. Nodal segments cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L(-1) benzyladenine (BA) and 0.2 mg L(-1) alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) induced multiple shoots in conical flasks that differed in the way they were closed and sealed. Hermitically sealed culture vessels resulted in high hyperhydricity/vitrification. High concentrations of ethylene and CO2 were found to accumulate in these vessels. The hyperhydricity of the shoot cultures could be decreased by progressively ventilating the vessels. Exchange of gases was achieved by removing the Parafilm sealing without affecting sterility. This reduced the hyperhydricity rate and gave a good recovery of vitrified shoots, but resulted in decreased proliferation and a dehydration of proliferating nodal segments and the culture medium. The best number of normal shoots was observed when the parafilm was removed for gaseous exchange after four weeks of culture incubation. The results show that hyperhydricity in shoot cultures of S. yoshimurae could be prevented by sufficient gas exchange during culture.

Aerobiosis↗