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Biomedical subjects

W Wuttke

Publications and source records attributed to W Wuttke.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6-plasma concentrations in laparotomies. Interaction with neuroendocrine secretion and postoperative temperature regulation?].

Elevated body temperature, increased plasma cortisol concentrations, and loss of the circadian secretory pattern are typical changes observed after trauma and surgery. We investigated the hypothesis that the interleukins IL-1 beta and IL-6 are involved in these phenomena, since both are endogenous pyrogens and can induce ACTH and cortisol secretion. METHODS. Eight healthy women undergoing hysterectomy for non-malignant diseases participated in the study after having given written consent. The study had the approval of our institution's ethics committee. Anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl 0.1 mg and methohexitone 1.5 mg/kg and maintained with isoflurane in 60% N2O and 40% O2. Blood samples were drawn before induction, before incision, during surgery, at the end of surgery, and 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 min after surgery. Cortisol, prolactin, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 concentrations were determined with commercially available ELISAs. Statistical analysis was performed with non-parametric methods. RESULTS. IL-6 increased significantly from 15 (4.3-23) to 68 (18-107) pg/ml (medians and range) at the end of surgery and peaked at 128 (52-214) pg/ml 60 min postoperatively (p < 0.01, Table 2). Baseline IL-1 beta concentrations were 20 (1-35) pg/ml with a significant increase in median postoperative concentrations in the postoperative period (p < 0.001). Prolactin increased from 22 (13-43) to 210 (115-291) ng/ml immediately after induction of anaesthesia (p < 0.001) and remained elevated until 240 min after surgery. Cortisol increased from 99 (26-167) to 384 (241-553) ng/ml during surgery and reached a maximum of 475 (246-597) ng/ml 30 min postoperatively (Table 3). Rectal and mean body temperatures increased significantly in the postoperative period (Table 1). There was a significant correlation between IL-6 and cortisol concentrations (r = 0.468; p < 0.001), but none was found between IL-6 and temperature or between IL-1 beta and cortisol or temperature. CONCLUSIONS. Surgical trauma markedly stimulates the secretion of IL-6, and to a lesser extent that of IL-1 beta. The data do not yield any evidence indicating an effect of IL-1 beta or IL-6 on body temperature. Postoperative prolactin concentrations might be influenced by IL-6. The positive correlation between plasma concentrations of IL-6 and cortisol may be coincidental, but could reflect a causal relationship, particularly in the postoperative period during which time the circadian pattern of cortisol secretion is disturbed.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1992

GABAergic influence on the development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of male and female rats.

A large number of estrogen-sensitive neurons in rat hypothalamus use gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a neurotransmitter. As estrogens influence the size of the sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) of the preoptic area it was tested whether perinatal treatment of rats with the GABA-agonistic drug muscimol can induce similar changes as estrogens. Male and female rats were treated perinatally with muscimol or with the vehicle only and the vols. of the SDN of the preoptic area were determined morphometrically following maturation of the animals. The SDN vols. in treated males were significantly smaller (80.3%) compared to controls. There was no striking effect in females. Our data suggest an influence of the GABAergic system on the development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA). The muscimol treatment, however, did not mimic the effects of perinatal estrogen treatment. Since muscimol is a GABAA receptor stimulating drug it appears that this receptor subtype is not involved in the estrogen-induced changes in size of the SDN.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Contrasting effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) on in vivo and in vitro prolactin and growth hormone release in male rats.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is produced by hypothalamic neurons which terminate within the median eminence suggesting that it may be a hypophysiotropic hormone. However, little endocrine activity has been ascribed to the peptide. Therefore we studied the effects of PACAP on prolactin (Prl) release from dispersed cultivated rat pituitary cells in vitro using conventional cultures as well as the reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA). Furthermore the effects of the peptide on in vitro GH release were assessed. In addition, the activity of the peptide on in vivo release of Prl and GH was studied in hypothalamus-lesioned animals. PACAP dose dependently inhibited Prl release form dispersed pituitary cells in both, monolayer cell cultures and the RHPA, whereas GH secretion was not affected. In hypothalamus-lesioned rats which have high Prl levels due to the absence of hypothalamic dopamine, PACAP further stimulated Prl release. Serum GH increased more than 20 fold in response to the intravenous PACAP infusion. Thus in vitro (inhibition of Prl release, no effect on GH release) and in vivo (stimulation of both hormones) experiments yielded contradicting effects of PACAP on pituitary hormone release. We suggest that PACAP may stimulate the release of a paracrine, yet unknown factor which in the intact pituitary overrides the direct inhibitory action of PACAP on the lactotropes. The same or another paracrine factor may also enhance in vivo GH release. In cell culture the paracrine factor is diluted by the medium. Therefore the peptide never reaches effective concentrations which are present within the intact pituitary tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Demonstration of oxytocin release by bovine luteal cells utilizing the reverse hemolytic plaque assay.

Corpora lutea (CL) of a number of species produce oxytocin (OXT). In the present experiments we studied basal, prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha-stimulated and ascorbate-stimulated OXT release from individual bovine luteal cells utilizing the reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA). Using a mixture of C- and N-terminus-specific antisera against OXT, we were able to demonstrate OXT plaque formation by individual luteal cells. CL consist of two steroidogenic cell types: large luteal cells (LLC), believed to derive from granulosa cells and to produce and secrete OXT, and small luteal cells (SLC), thought to derive from theca cells. To distinguish between these two cell types, we designated cells greater than 20 microns as LLC and those less than 20 microns as SLC. On the basis of this morphological parameter, OXT release from both LLC and SLC was demonstrable. After an incubation period of 15 h, 7% of both cell types formed OXT plaques. PGF 2 alpha and ascorbate increased the size of plaques surrounding both LLC and SLC to more than 200% and 240%, respectively (basal plaque size = 100%). The number of plaque-forming cells increased only slightly in the presence of either PGF 2 alpha or ascorbate in comparison to basal conditions. We suggest that the RHPA can be used to demonstrate peptide release from luteal cells. It is concluded that LLC may be subdivided into functional subclasses because less than 10% of bovine luteal cells release OXT. Known OXT secretagogues increased the amount of OXT released. It appears that not only LLC but also SLC secrete this peptide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Amino acid neurotransmitter release in the preoptic area of rats during the positive feedback actions of estradiol on LH release.

To investigate the role of amino acid neurotransmitters in the regulation of LH secretion in ovariectomized (ovx) rats with or without estrogen substitution, we measured the release rates of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), taurine, glycine, aspartate, glutamate, homocysteic acid, and also of the neurally inactive amino acids serine and glutamine in push-pull perfusate samples of the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area (PO/AH) collected at 30-min intervals. To achieve this we had to develop a highly sensitive assay utilizing phenylisothiocyanate prederivatization which was followed by HPLC chromatography. In confirmation of our earlier results we observed again a conspicuous drop of preoptic GABA release prior to and during the time of estrogen-induced LH surge. In addition, the release rates of the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters aspartate and glutamate in the PO/AH increased during this time. Interestingly, also secretion of taurine and glycine was increased during the LH surge, whereas preoptic release rates of serine and glutamine and of homocysteic acid, the putative endogenous ligand of the so-called N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, remained unchanged. No such changes of amino acid neurotransmitters release rates were observed in ovx rats. This finding underlines that the changes of amino acid secretion in ovx estrogen-primed rats are likely due to the influence of the steroid rather than due to a diurnal rhythm. We conclude that GnRH neurons are under a tonic inhibitory tone exerted by GABA which is relieved during the time of the estrogen-induced LH surge. During this time, aspartate and glutamate may have additional stimulatory effects on GnRH neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1992

Indirect evidence to suggest that prolactin mediates the adrenal action of haloperidol to stimulate aldosterone and corticosterone secretion in rats.

The effect of dopamine-antagonists on steroid secretion has revealed conflicting results regarding the confirmation of in vivo findings in vitro. In order to discriminate in vivo systemic and local action of the dopamine-antagonist haloperidol (HAL) on aldosterone and corticosterone secretion, microdialysis of the adrenal cortex in conscious, freely moving rats was employed. The effects of 2.5 mg HAL ip or intraadrenal dialysis of 20 micrograms/ml HAL in rats with an intact pituitary gland on PRL, aldosterone, and corticosterone secretion were examined. Systemic HAL application resulted in a 40-fold increase in PRL secretion and stimulated aldosterone and corticosterone production significantly. In contrast, intraadrenal dialysis of HAL had no effect on the secretory pattern of PRL or either steroid hormone, indicating no direct drug action on cells of the rat adrenal cortex. Similarly, ip injection of 2.5 mg HAL in hypophysectomized rats did not alter PRL or steroid hormone levels. We conclude that the dopamine-antagonist HAL stimulates aldosterone and corticosterone secretion in rats through a pituitary factor, probably PRL, but not through direct effects at the adrenal cortex.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1992

Paracrine actions of oxytocin, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and estradiol within the human corpus luteum.

Human luteal cells are known to interact in an auto- and paracrine fashion using a variety of substances, including prostaglandins (PGs), steroids, and peptides. In cultures of dispersed luteal cells obtained from several animal species prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and oxytocin (OXT) inhibit progesterone (P) secretion, indicating a luteolytic effect of these substances. The disadvantage of luteal cell cultures is that the different luteal cell types do not communicate with each other, i.e. auto- and paracrine effects cannot be studied. Therefore, we used a microdialysis tubing, which is implanted in human corpora lutea (CL) kept under short term organ culture conditions. Ringer's solution is pumped through the dialysis tubing, and substances secreted by the luteal tissue can be determined in the effluent fractions. This system also allows topical application of substances with putative intraluteal effects. In the present report we used PGF2 alpha, OXT, and estradiol (E2) to examine the effects of these substances on the respective other hormones and on P release from young human CL. Intraluteal application of PGF2 alpha stimulated OXT, E2, and P release. OXT was stimulatory to E2 and P secretion, an effect that can be blocked by a specific OXT antagonist and by tamoxifen. Elevation of intraluteal E2 concentrations also had marked stimulatory effects on P secretion. From luteal cell culture experiments it is known that PGF2 alpha and OXT have direct inhibitory effects on P production, but both substances stimulate E2 release. It was also shown that E2 counteracts the inhibitory effects on P release. Therefore, the PGF2 alpha- and OXT-induced E2 release may be responsible for the increased P release. This assumption is further substantiated by the observation that intraluteally applied E2 stimulates P secretion, and preexposure of human CL to tamoxifen prevents the OXT-induced stimulation of P, but not E2, secretion. We conclude that in young human CL, PGF2 alpha and OXT have dual effects: direct inhibitory effects on P release and E2-mediated stimulatory effects, which in young CL result in a net stimulation of P secretion.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of luteinizing hormone pulsatility in the serum of women suffering from polycystic ovarian disease using a bioassay and five different immunoassays.

Bioassays and immunoassays of protein hormones often read different parts of the molecule and give conflicting results. Therefore, we studied the LH bioactivity (bLH; mouse Leydig cell testosterone production assay) and immunoreactive LH (irLH) using five immunoassays [one conventional polyclonal RIA and four immunometric sandwich assays using monoclonal antibodies (mAB)] in five women suffering from polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD). Blood samples were taken from these patients at 10-min intervals for 24 h. Data were analyzed by the PC Pulsar pulse detection program. As described by others, bLH is increased in PCOD patients, and LH pulse frequency is largely accelerated (18-28 pulses/24 h). Almost every LH pulse was detected by the polyclonal RIA, whereas all mAB immunoassays detected significantly fewer pulses than the bioassay or the RIA. Occasionally, irLH pulses were detected by some assay systems when bLH activity did not increase, and there was a great difference in the temporal occurrence of bLH and irLH pulses. It is concluded that the type of immunoassay used for the detection of LH levels is also of importance for the number of detected LH pulses. Furthermore, each mAB immunoassay appears to detect different epitopes on the LH molecule, such that different conformational and/or glycosilated states are identified. Often, irLH pulses occur with no concurrent bLH pulses, which may indicate that the pituitary in PCOD patients releases pulses of biologically inactive LH in response to hypothalamic GnRH release. Hence, the pituitary gonadotrophs must be in some degree of synchrony in producing such biologically inactive material.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1991

LH release in ovariectomized rats is maintained without noradrenergic neurotransmission in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area: extreme functional plasticity of the GnRH pulse generator.

Norepinephrine (NE) in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area (PO/AH) is known to be involved in the regulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. The effects of selective and complete depletion of NE in the PO/AH of ovariectomized (ovx) rats on LH secretion were studied. PO/AH concentrations of NE were reduced by 90% within 6 h and were undetectable (more than 98% depletion) 52 h after bilateral stereotaxic microinjections of 50 micrograms of 5-amino-2,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylphenylethylamine (5-ADMP). LH levels in the blood were significantly reduced within 60 min after NE depletion but remained low only for several hours. Despite continuously low preoptic NE concentrations episodic LH secretion reoccurred within 4-6 h such that normal blood LH levels were present 6 and 52 h after selective NE depletion. While the alpha 1-adrenoreceptor antagonist prazosin was inhibitory to LH secretion in control rats the drug was totally ineffective in the NE depleted animals. NE may be inhibitory to LH secretion via a beta-adrenergic receptor mechanism. It was therefore also tested whether 5-ADMP causes a massive NE release which might be inhibitory to LH secretion. Propranolol (PROP), a beta-adrenoreceptor blocking drug, was given 30 min prior to preoptic injection of 5-ADMP. Blockade of beta-receptors did not prevent the transient inhibition of LH release. These results indicate that under physiologic conditions the GnRH pulse generator functions only properly when NE is present in the PO/AH and that the stimulatory effect of NE is mediated via an alpha 1-adrenoreceptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of extracts from Cimicifuga racemosa on gonadotropin release in menopausal women and ovariectomized rats.

Remifemin is an ethanolic extract of the rhizome of Cimicifuga racemosa (C.r.) and is used to relieve climacteric hot flushes. In the present study the effects of this preparation on LH and FSH secretion of menopausal women were investigated. After an 8 weeks treatment, LH but not FSH levels were significantly reduced in patients receiving the Cimicifuga extract. To further characterize the endocrinologically active principles of this plant extract, a lipophilic extract of C.r. was prepared and subjected to Sephadex chromatography. Fractions obtained were tested for their ability to reduce LH secretion in ovariectomized (ovx) rats and to compete in vitro with 17 beta-estradiol for estrogen receptor binding sites. Three types of endocrinologically active compounds were obtained: (1) Constituents which were not ligands for the estrogen receptor but suppress LH release after chronic treatment, (2) constituents binding to the estrogen receptor and also suppressing LH release, and (3) compounds which are ligands for the estrogen receptor but without an effect of LH release. It is concluded that the LH suppressive effect of C.r. extracts observed in menopausal women and ovx rats is caused by at least three different synergistically acting compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Diagnosis of early extrauterine pregnancy by serum and Douglas pouch fluid hCG level].

In 44 patients with assumed ectopic pregnancy culdocentesis were carried out under transvaginosonographic control. In 23 cases, the clinical diagnosis ectopic pregnancy and in 16 cases, an early intact intrauterine pregnancy could be verified. Five patients had an early abortion. In all patients with an intact intrauterine pregnancy, the cul-de-sac liquid was serious. In 16 of the 23 cases of ectopic pregnancies, the fluid was bloody, 6 aspirates were bloody/serous and one serous. The findings in patients with an early abortion were as follows: three serous, one bloody/serous, one bloody. Further information could be gathered from the comparison of hCG-levels in simultaneously obtained serum samples and cul-de-sac liquid. All intact intrauterine pregnancies were associated with lower hCG-levels in the cul-de-sac liquid than in the serum (ratio: serum/cul-de-sac liquid greater than 1.3). In all ectopic pregnancies but one, we found an inverse constellation (ratio: serum/cul-de-sac liquid less than 0.7). In the described exceptional case the ratio was nearly 1 and when culdocentesis was repeated 5 days later, a ratio of 0.17 proved the clinically suspected ectopic pregnancy. In 3 cases of histologically confirmed intrauterine abortions, the hCG-level in the cul-de-sac liquid was lower than in the serum, in 2 cases of early abortions without histologically proved localisation the hCG-level was slightly above the level in the serum.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1991

Effects of growth factors and hormones on basal and FSH-stimulated inhibin production by porcine granulosa cells in vitro.

The effect of several growth factors, protein and steroid hormones on follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-stimulated and basal inhibin secretion by mature porcine granulosa cells (g-cells) in culture was examined in order to elucidate the putative role of growth factors and hormones in the regulation of inhibin secretion by porcine g-cells in vitro. Cells were incubated with the respective hormones over a timespan of 0-144 h and immunoreactive inhibin was measured with a radioimmunoassay against porcine inhibin. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and human transforming growth factor type beta (TGF-beta) decreased basal and gonadotrophin-stimulated inhibin and progesterone in a dose-dependent manner. In the absence of insulin, insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) caused a 4-fold enhancement of basal inhibin secretion, but inhibin secretion was elevated only to 20% above control in the presence of 500 nM insulin. Porcine platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) had no significant effect on basal or FSH-induced inhibin secretion by g-cells. In addition, neither gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) nor prolactin (PRL), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin affected basal or FSH-stimulated inhibin release by porcine g-cells. Oestradiol caused a slight but significant (P less than 0.01) rise of basal inhibin production (158% of control) in the last 2 days of culture (96-144 h) and the effect of androstenedione on basal (158% of control) and FSH-stimulated (140% of control) inhibin release (P less than 0.01) was also only visible on Days 4-6 of culture. In contrast to androstenedione and oestradiol, progesterone did not show any effect during 6 days of culture in a dose range of 10(-5) to 10(-9) M. Like steroids, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) had a stimulatory effect on basal inhibin production (250% of control) by porcine g-cells, visible on Days 3-6 of culture, but an inhibitory effect on FSH-stimulated release (less than 40% of control). Over all the experiments with different hormones and growth factors, tested in varying doses and over a time span of 0-144 h, there was a strong correlation between progesterone and inhibin secretion by g-cells (0-48 h = 0.78; 48-96 h = 0.92; 96-144 h = 0.92). These results suggest that EGF, TGF-beta, IGF-I, oestradiol and androstendione as well as PGE2 have para- and/or autocrine modulatory effects on basal and FSH-stimulated inhibin secretion by mature porcine g-cells in vitro and further demonstrate that the secretion of the proteohormone inhibin and the steroid progesterone are closely related.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1991

Gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area synchronize the phasic activity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator in ovariectomized rats.

To achieve a bolus-type release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) into the portal vessels it is required that GnRH neurons exert phasic and synchronous activity. The activity of GnRH neurons appears to be under an inhibitory influence of the amino acid neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Preoptic GABA concentrations in ovariectomized (OVX) rats decrease prior to a luteinizing hormone (LH) episode. This reduction of GABAergic activity in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area (PO/AH) may be the synchronizing signal for the simultaneous release of GnRH from the hypothalamus. To further study the role of GABA in controlling the GnRH pulse generator we applied GABA, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) or bicuculline (BIC) locally into the PO/AH by means of push-pull cannulae (PPC). PPC were implanted into the PO/AH of OVX rats and the contralateral, not PPC-implanted PO/AH was lesioned electrochemically. The effects of GABA, MPA or BIC on the GnRH pulse generator were determined by measuring LH levels in blood samples collected in 5-min intervals. Local application of GABA into the PO/AH caused a pronounced reduction of average LH secretion and abolished LH pulsatility. This inhibitory effect was completely reversible. Results of intrapreoptic MPA application on GABA secretion were variable. In only 45% of treated rats MPA caused a reduction of GABA secretion which was associated with a cessation of pulsatile LH release. A pronounced reduction of LH secretion and pulsatility was observed upon local application of the GABA antagonist BIC. Based on these data we propose that oscillating GABA levels in the PO/AH may be the synchronizing signal which triggers bolus release of GnRH into the portal vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3-Mercaptopropionic Acid↗
PubMed1991

Effects of substance-P and neuropeptide-Y on in vitro steroid release by porcine granulosa and luteal cells.

The presence of substance-P (SP)- and neuropeptide-Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity was recently shown in nerves that innervate the ovary. In the present in vitro study we demonstrate that both peptides have direct effects on ovarian steroidogenesis. In cultured porcine granulosa (G-) cells, neither peptide affected progesterone (P) production under basal conditions, but they both inhibited gonadotropin-stimulated P secretion. In luteal (L-) cell cultures, basal as well as hCG-stimulated P release were dose-dependently inhibited by NPY (ED50, 4 x 10(-9) M; identical for both, basal and stimulated release), while SP had only a moderate inhibitory effect (ED50, 6 x 10(-8) M). In the presence of AP13, a specific SP antagonist, the inhibitory effect of SP on P release was abolished, which suggests a receptor-mediated effect. In addition, we determined androstenedione (A) and estradiol (E2) release into G- and L-cell culture media. While E2 production in G-cell cultures was not influenced by SP and NPY, both peptides had a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on E2 secretion by L-cells. In contrast to E2 release, A secretion by G- as well as L-cell cultures was increased by gonadotropins. Both SP and NPY decreased gonadotropin-stimulated A secretion by G- and L-cells under basal as well as hCG-stimulated conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate SP immunoreactivity in media of G- and L-cell cultures with a HPLC retention time identical to that of synthetic SP. This may suggest ovarian synthesis, in which case the peptide exerts auto- and/or paracrine effects on ovarian steroidogenesis. From these in vitro results we suggest that SP and NPY have a modulatory effect on ovarian function in pigs not only by their well known regulatory effects of blood supply, but also by a direct effect on ovarian steroidogenesis.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1991

Determination of secretion rates of estradiol, progesterone, oxytocin, and angiotensin II from tertiary follicles and freshly formed corpora lutea in freely moving sows.

Two days before ovulation ovarian follicles of sows were implanted with microdialysis systems (MDS) which function like artificial capillaries with exteriorized inlets and outlets. Steroid hormones and paracrine acting factors such as oxytocin (OXT) and angiotensin II (AII) diffuse from ovarian tissue into the fluid, which is pumped through the MDS and collected in fractions. This allows determination of dynamic changes of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), OXT, and AII secretion during the pre-, peri-, and postovulatory periods in freely moving sows. More than 80% of such implanted follicles ovulate and form competent corpora lutea (CL) allowing continuation of experimentation during the early luteal phase. Follicular E2 release increases before ovulation and decreases with increasing blood LH concentrations. Twenty to 30 h after beginning of the preovulatory LH surge P secretion increases gradually. Both peptides OXT and AII are released episodically by the preovulatory follicle. During the time of decreased E2 and not yet increased P secretion, i.e. during the periovulatory period, mean AII secretion was highest in comparison to the late follicular and early luteal phase. E2 remains measurable during the early luteal phase. OXT and AII were also topically applied into the follicular wall and after ovulation into the CL. AII had no effect on steroidogenesis of both structures. Although OXT was ineffective in the follicle, in young CL it stimulated P secretion. These results indicate that the MDS can be used to study late follicular and early luteal steroid and peptide secretion. The function of OXT and AII in the follicle remains obscure, whereas OXT has a luteotropic effect in young porcine CL.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1990

Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunoassay for the prostate: specific antigen utilizing two monoclonal antibodies.

PSA is an important tumor-marker for prostatic cancer disease. We developed a sensitive, simple and inexpensive Sandwich ELISA for PSA with two monoclonal antibodies. The precision and reliability of the assay are reflected in the low inter- and intraassay coefficient of variation. PSA was not detectable in sera from normal females (n = 50). Sera from males with different serum levels of PSA (normal males, patients with prostate hypertrophy, prostate cancer patients, n = 79) and 15 prostate cancer patients treated with Zoladex were measured by our ELISA and by a commercially available RIA. The correlation coefficient between these both test systems was close to 1 (r = 0.97).

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical management of cystic ovarian tumors].

In a prospective study at the University of Göttingen 206 cystic ovarian tumours were examined vaginosonographically. Basing on a graduated schedule, the individual therapy of each ovarian tumour was determined. By use of this clinical management, all blastomas could be detected correctly and in 6.8% of all cases a follicle or corpus luteum cyst was operated per laparotomiam. Basing on the created data, the authors suggest a simple and effective clinical management of cystic ovarian tumours.

Adolescent↗