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Biomedical subjects

W Winkelstein

Publications and source records attributed to W Winkelstein.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Clinical, immunologic, and serologic findings in men at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The San Francisco Men's Health Study.

Forty-nine percent of homosexual/bisexual men were positive for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a population-based probability sample of 1034 single men recruited from San Francisco. All heterosexual men were negative. Among seropositive men, marked lymphadenopathy was present in 29%, and 16% had at least two other symptoms or signs suggestive of HIV infection. However, lymphadenopathy alone failed to indicate severity of immune impairment. The occurrence of two or more clinical signs and symptoms, except for marked lymphadenopathy, correlated with HIV infection, diminished skin test reactivity, and reduction in Leu 3a T cells. Twenty-nine percent of seropositive men had fewer than 400 absolute Leu 3a T helper cells per microliter (less than 0.4 X 10(9)/L). Seronegative homosexual/bisexual men did not differ from heterosexual men in any clinical or laboratory variables except for increased numbers of suppressor Leu 2a T suppressor cells per microliter.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Sexual practices and risk of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus. The San Francisco Men's Health Study.

The San Francisco Men's Health Study is a prospective study of the epidemiology and natural history of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a cohort of 1034 single men, 25 to 54 years of age, recruited by multistage probability sampling. At entry, June 1984 through January 1985, the seropositivity rate for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among homosexual/bisexual study participants was 48.5%. No heterosexual participants were HIV seropositive. Among homosexual/bisexual men reporting no male sexual partners in the two years before entry into the study, seropositivity was 17.6%. For those reporting more than 50 partners, seropositivity was 70.8%. Only receptive anal/genital contact had a significantly elevated risk of HIV infection. Douching was the only ancillary sexual practice that contributed significantly to risk of infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

The San Francisco Men's Health Study: III. Reduction in human immunodeficiency virus transmission among homosexual/bisexual men, 1982-86.

The prevalence and incidence of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been under study in a cohort of 1,034 single men recruited by area probability sampling from a six kilometer square area of San Francisco where the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been most severe. Prevalence of infection among homosexual/bisexual study subjects increased from an estimated 22.8 per cent during the last half of 1982 to 48.6 per cent during the period July through December 1984. During three subsequent six-month periods, prevalence remained stable at approximately 50 per cent. Annual infection rates, measured by seroconversion among seronegative study subjects, decreased from an estimated 18.4 per cent per year from 1982 to 1984, to 5.4 and 3.1 per cent during the first and second halves of 1985, and to 4.2 per cent during the first six months of 1986. These declines were associated with reductions of 60 per cent or more in the prevalence of high-risk sexual practices associated with both acquiring and disseminating infection by the human immunodeficiency virus.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Epidemiological monitoring of environmental lead exposures in California State Hospitals.

Blood lead screening of 8062 state hospital residents in California revealed 143 residents with excessive lead levels (greater than or equal to 30 micrograms/dL). This screening was part of the Childhood Lead Project and was performed in 1978. The purpose of this study was to identify "critical" lead sources in California State Hospitals. Accurate identification is crucial if subsequent abatement programs are to be effective. The strategy involved the following sequence of steps: 1) Selection of cases based on blood lead and erythrocyte protoporphyrin screening. 2) Determination of pica habits and environmental exposures through interviews with ward's staff and/or parents. 3) Measurement of lead levels in environmental samples reflecting exposures. 4) Interpreting these data in order to identify critical lead sources. 5) Reducing exposure to critical lead sources. 6) Following up of cases and controls to validate the effects of this strategy. A group of 36 lead-burdened cases with pica (30-60 micrograms Pb/dL blood) and 36 matched controls (PbB less than 20 micrograms/dL) were selected from among the developmentally disabled residents of two California State Hospitals. These subjects were studied in order to identify the lead sources to which they were exposed and to abate the major ones. Three major lead sources were found in the state hospitals: wall and furniture paints (100-45,400 micrograms Pb/g paint); surface soil (33-570 micrograms Pb/g soil); educational format was presented to all involved staff. The results have indicated a trend towards lower lead intake by the lead-burdened cases. In one of the two hospitals a "lead-free unit" had been established. All the lead-burdened cases were transferred to this unit in August 1981. A few months later the blood lead levels of all the cases dropped below 30 micrograms/dL. Initial epidemiological monitoring indicated where there were preventable hazards, which abatement efforts succeeded in reducing. Further monitoring of such problems is indicated in this and other developmentally-disabled populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Selected epidemiologic observations of cell-specific leukemia mortality in the United States, 1969-1977.

Utilizing a newly available data set which includes for the first time cell-specific leukemia mortality rates for the United States during 1969-1977, age and sex distributions, time trends, and geographic patterns were analyzed. Four major cell types of leukemia were considered. Acute lymphatic leukemia had a bimodal distribution with the first peak in the 5-9-year age group and lowest rates in age group 35-44, after which rates rose geometrically. Acute myeloid leukemia had only a very small childhood peak with a low in the age group 5-9, after which the rates also rose geometrically. For both chronic lymphatic and myeloid leukemia the rates rose geometrically after age 15. Rates among females were consistently lower for each age group. The highest sex ratio was found for chronic lymphatic leukemia and is proposed to be the result of a lag period between male and female rates. During the period under study acute lymphatic leukemia mortality in adults declined by almost 10% while acute myeloid leukemia mortality increased by almost 20%. Analysis of the geographic variation of the four major cell types revealed a geographic association between acute lymphatic and acute myeloid leukemia in children, a lack of association between childhood and adult cell types, and an association of acute and chronic cell types in adults.

Adolescent↗