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Biomedical subjects

W Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to W Wilson.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The impact of diabetes education and peer support upon weight and glycemic control of elderly persons with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

We assessed diabetes education and peer support interventions as facilitators of weight loss and glycemic control in a community sample of 79 elderly persons with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Different groups received: education only, education and peer support, and no treatment. Peer support was higher in groups where it was actively facilitated. Weight loss and reduction in level of glycemic control occurred within groups receiving both diabetes education and peer support.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The interaction of retrovirus and chemical carcinogen in experimental colon carcinogenesis.

The isolation and characterization of oncogenes from human colon cancer and the recognition of their homology with the ras gene of the Harvey and Kirsten strain of murine sarcoma virus (MSV) led us to investigate the effect of exogenous MSV on 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinoma in rats. DMH, 20 mg base/kg, was injected weekly for 10 weeks into Sprague-Dawley rats. The Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MSV-M) was injected (200 focus-forming units) intraperitoneally into 15 rats 48 hours after the last DMH injection or in 12 rats before the first DMH injection. Controls consisted of 12 rats receiving 10 injections of DMH only, nine rats receiving MSV-M alone, and 10 untreated rats. All tumors induced were adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract, characteristically induced by DMH and not by MSV-M. In the late virus group there was an augmentation of colon tumor induction (mean, 2.2 versus 1.1 colon tumors/rat, p less than 0.05), and in the MSV pretreated group, there was also significant augmentation of colon tumor induction (mean, 2.4 versus 1.1 colon tumors/rat, p less than 0.005) when compared with rats treated with DMH alone. Rats treated with MSV-M alone and untreated rats had no tumors. This is the first study to suggest the importance of exogenous viral infection in chemically induced colonic carcinogenesis.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1986

Expression strategies of the yeast retrotransposon Ty: a short sequence directs ribosomal frameshifting.

The Ty element of yeast is a member of a class of eukaryotic transposons which bear a striking resemblance to retroviral proviruses in their structure and expression strategies (1,2). A direct comparison can be drawn between the production of a fusion protein encoded by Ty, resulting from a frameshift event which fuses two out-of-phase open reading frames TYA and TYB, and the production of Pr180gag-pol in a retrovirus such as Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) (3,4). We present data which shows, definitively, that RNA splicing is not responsible for the frameshift in Ty. By in vitro mutation of a class I element, Ty1-15, we demonstrate that 31 nucleotides contained within the region where the TYA and TYB open reading frames overlap direct the frameshift. Within this short sequence there is a region of homology with a class II element which we show is also able to frameshift.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Repeated failure of prenatal ACTH administration to alter masculine behavior in mice.

In four experiments, different preparations and modes of prenatal administration of ACTH all failed to produce any substantial effects upon male sexual behavior in mice. In Experiment 1, CD-1 females implanted during the third trimester of pregnancy with osmotic pumps releasing varied dosages of ACTH1-24 produced male offspring with essentially normal copulatory behavior. In Experiment 2, prenatal injections of high doses of ACTH1-24 had no effect upon male sexual activity. In Experiment 3, osmotic pumps releasing ACTH1-39 during the third trimester of pregnancy had no effect upon sexual behavior of offspring. However, aggressive behavior was significantly reduced, relative to untreated controls, in offspring of all females implanted with pumps, including those releasing only saline. In Experiment 4, third-trimester injections of ACTH1-39 in long-acting gel form had no effect on the sexual behavior or aggression of offspring of C57 strain females. In most of these experiments, ACTH treatment significantly reduced body weight. These results do not confirm previous suggestions that pituitary-adrenal hormones influence the perinatal differentiation of sexually dimorphic behavior.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1986

Lacticacidaemia due to pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, with evidence of protein polymorphism in the alpha-subunit of the enzyme.

In three infants with neonatal lacticacidaemia, a deficiency in the E1 (pyruvate dehydrogenase) component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was demonstrated in skin fibroblast cultures. Residual activities of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the activated state were 1.6%, 3.9% and 18.8% of control values, respectively. Immunoprecipitation of extracts of cultures skin fibroblasts grown on 35S-methionine with anti-pyruvate dehydrogenase complex antibody revealed an abnormality in the E1 alpha-component of these three patients when visualised after sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This component appeared to have a slightly lower molecular weight than did this protein from control cell strains. Cell strains from other patients with a deficiency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex did not exhibit this defect. Three patients also showed dysmorphism and developmental abnormalities of the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Saphenofemoral venous cutdowns in the premature infant.

Thirty-five preterm neonates that had 42 central venous lines placed via saphenofemoral cutdown in the groin are reviewed. The mean gestational age was 29 weeks; mean birth weight 1,320 g. There were no catheter-associated deaths. Minor complications occurred in 50% of patients. Leg swelling (43%), catheter occlusion (12%), and catheter fluid leakage (10%) were the most common. Infections were minor and occurred in 8% of the cases. We believe this study shows the effectiveness and safety of the saphenofemoral cutdown for central venous access in the premature neonate.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1985

The Ty transposon of Saccharomyces cerevisiae determines the synthesis of at least three proteins.

Two new Ty determined proteins have been identified by placing a Ty transcriptional unit under the control of a high efficiency yeast expression vector. One of these proteins is the product of a post-translational processing event and it binds nucleic acids. A previously identified protein, pl (Tyl-15), has also been shown to bind nucleic acids and to be modified by phosphorylation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Variants within the yeast Ty sequence family encode a class of structurally conserved proteins.

The Ty transposable elements of Saccharomyces cerevisiae form a heterogeneous family within which two broad structural classes (I and II) exist. The two classes differ by two large substitutions and many restriction sites. We show that, like class I elements a class II element, Tyl-17, also appears to contain at least two major protein coding regions, designated TYA and TYB, and the organisational relationship of these regions has been conserved. The TYA genes of both classes encode proteins, designated p1 proteins, with an approximate molecular weight of 50 Kd and, despite considerable variation between the TYA regions at the DNA level, the structures of these proteins are remarkably similar. These observations strongly suggest that the p1 proteins of Ty elements are functionally significant and that they have been subject to selection.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Effects of exopolysaccharide production by viridans streptococci on penicillin therapy of experimental endocarditis.

The influence of exopolysaccharide production by viridans streptococci on penicillin therapy of endocarditis was studied in rabbits with experimental aortic-valve endocarditis. Animals were first infected with penicillin-susceptible streptococci known to produce varying amounts of exopolysaccharide in cardiac vegetations. Treatment with procaine penicillin, 300,000 U every 12 hr, was begun one to two days after infection. After five days of therapy, animals infected with Streptococcus sanguis II and Streptococcus morbillorum, both vigorous exopolysaccharide producers, continued to have infected vegetations, while animals infected with Streptococcus salivarius and a different Streptococcus sanguis II, both deficient in exopolysaccharide production, had sterile vegetations. These findings indicate that failure to eradicate streptococci from vegetations correlates with exopolysaccharide production and that this property may be important in determining outcome of therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Exopolysaccharide production by viridans streptococci in experimental endocarditis.

Light and electron microscopy with histochemical staining were used to estimate exopolysaccharide production by strains of viridans streptococci recovered from patients with endocarditis. Six strains were selected for study because they represented a wide range of in vitro polysaccharide production. By light microscopy, there was good agreement between three polysaccharide stains (ruthenium red, periodic acid-Schiff and calcifluor white) in the amount of glycocalyx produced, which ranged from minimal (0 to 1+) to maximal amounts (4+). Two strains selected for minimal (strain 1) and maximal (strain 6) in vitro exopolysaccharide production were studied after we used them to experimentally infect cardiac vegetations. Glycocalyx could be demonstrated surrounding organisms in cardiac vegetations, and the relative amounts produced were similar to those seen in vitro. Vegetations formed by glycocalyx-producing strains were also larger than those formed by glycocalyx-deficient strains. Viridans group streptococci which produce exopolysaccharide in vitro also do so within cardiac vegetations. The relationship of exopolysaccharide production to maintenance of endocardial infection is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Function and fidelity of aging tRNA: in vivo acylation, analog discrimination, synthetase binding, and in vitro translation.

The liver transfer RNAs for valine and lysine were completely acylated in vivo, as judged by periodate oxidation, at 4 and 24 months of age in male Sprague-Dawley rats. In vitro acylation capacity for whole tRNA populations from rat livers is decreased, but this is evidently not deleterious in vivo. Several halogenated phenylalanines were synthesized and their effects upon acylation capacity for phenylalanine were examined. Synthetases bound to young (3 month) and old (24 month) tRNAs discriminated differently between p-chlorophenylalanine and authentic phenylalanine; synthetase with young tRNA was less able to discriminate than with old tRNA. Purified tRNAphe from old rats did not form ultraviolet-induced crosslinks to purified phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase as well as young tRNAphe. In vitro translation of encephalomyocarditis virus, hemoglobin, and ovalbumin mRNAs was effective, using tRNAs of young or old Sprague-Dawley or Fischer 344 rat livers, although, when the old tRNA was supplied, the product synthesized per unit tRNA was reduced. All of the protein products were synthesized with all tRNAs, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We conclude that tRNA is capable of normal functions in livers of aging rats, is probably modification deficient, and is unlikely to produce protein errors.

Acylation↗
PubMed1983

Early amelioration of neurologic deficit by lidoflazine after fifteen minutes of cardiopulmonary arrest in dogs.

A prospective, controlled, blind study was done to test the effect of a calcium entry blocker on the neurologic integrity of dogs after cardiopulmonary arrest. Ten male mongrel dogs were anesthetized, prepared with sterile technique, and instrumented for pulmonary arterial (PA) and systematic arterial pressure monitoring. A left thoracotomy and pericardotomy were performed. Cardiac arrest was produced by injecting KCl (1 mEq/kg) through the PA line, and the respirator was stopped. Full arrest was maintained for 15 minutes. Thereafter, the dogs were resuscitated with ventilation, internal massage, fluids, bicarbonate, epinephrine, and internal defibrillation. All dogs were resuscitated within 6 to 10 minutes. Five control dogs received saline placebo, and five dogs were treated with lidoflazine (1 mg/kg) IV drip immediately post resuscitation. All dogs were scored neurologically every two hours by a deficit grading scale. All treated dogs had spontaneous ventilation, reactive pupils and corneals, voluntary movements, and responses to tactile stimulation at 12 hours post resuscitation. Four of five control dogs had maximum deficit scores without improvement. The difference in neurologic scores between the treated and control groups became increasingly divergent with time, and was statistically significant (P less than .05) by four hours post resuscitation. Thus the calcium antagonist lidoflazine produces improvement in neurologic recovery in the first 12 hours after cardiopulmonary arrest in dogs.

Animals↗