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W Weber

Publications and source records attributed to W Weber.

551 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary contusion: CT vs plain radiograms.

In experimentally induced pulmonary contusions, CT (n = 27) and chest X-ray (n = 24) findings were compared with the findings at autopsy. Twenty-seven of 27 (100%) pulmonary contusions were visible by CT immediately after trauma compared with 9 of 24 (37.5%) in the chest X-ray. After 30 min follow-up, 18 of 24 (75%) lesions were seen on the plain film. Five of 24 (21%) contusions escaped detection on conventional radiographs. Computed tomography underestimated lesion size in 5 of 60 (8%) measurements, conventional radiographs in 21 of 36 (58%) measurements. Pathological examination never revealed a pulmonary contusion that was not demonstrated by CT. Therefore, pulmonary contusion seems unlikely in a trauma patient with normal pulmonary CT.

Animals↗
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Pediatric angiocardiography with iohexol.

A nonionic contrast medium (iohexol) was evaluated for safety and efficacy in pediatric angiocardiography in this study of 15 patients, age 6 to 82 months. Patients carried a preliminary diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Subjects were injected with iohexol, 350 mg iodine/ml of solution with an average volume of 2.46 ml/kg of body weight at a rate of 9 to 14.5 ml/sec. The parameters evaluated included vital signs, intravascular BP, ECG changes, discomfort, and adverse reactions. No adverse reactions were noted in 14 of 15 patients. No significant changes in axillary temperature of ECG were observed. Intravascular blood pressure showed only moderate changes. After 24 hours, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) plasma concentrations increased significantly. Serum electrolytes remained unchanged. Image quality was deemed excellent considering variations in injection site and flow condition of the heart. Iohexol caused remarkably little discomfort and no adverse effects.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Familial cancer: genetically determined? (review).

Many cancers, in both children and adults, cluster in families. Collection and statistical analysis of pedigree data suggest that genetic mechanisms play an important role in most cancer types. This is illustrated in colorectal, breast, lung, ovarian, and childhood cancer. Pedigree data are consistent with the hypothesis that cancer is sometimes inherited in an autosomal dominant Mendelian fashion. These rare hereditary cancers might not be different pathogenetically from those arising sporadically. A two-stage model for carcinogenesis provides a framework for the understanding of both forms of cancer. The establishment of registries for familial cancer would be most helpful for cancer risk determinations, surveillance and management programs, identification of new cancer-prone genotypes and etiological family studies.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breast cancer in first degree relatives of 180 female breast cancer patients.

The risk of breast cancer and of all malignancies was assessed in first degree relatives of 180 women with breast cancer using a historical cohort study approach. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was significantly (p < 0.05) increased for breast cancer in mothers: 1.97 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.27 to 2.91) and in all female first degree relatives: 1.55 (95% CI: 1.08 to 2.15). For breast cancer in sisters it was 1.12 (95% CI: 0.56 to 2.01). For all malignancies the SIR for mothers was 1.12 (95% CI: 0.85 to 1.44), for sisters 1.09 (95% CI: 0.77 to 1.49) and for all female first degree relatives 1.08 (95% CI: 0.89 to 1.32). This study confirms previous investigations showing that breast cancer occurs more frequently in female first degree relatives of women with breast cancer than in the general population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stimulation of UV-induced DNA excision repair by chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer patients.

We have used a monoclonal antibody specific for UV-induced 6-4 photoproducts in an ELISA assay to determine the kinetics of loss of antigenicity from the DNA of lymphocytes obtained from four groups of people; normal controls and cancer patients who had either received chemotherapy, hormone therapy or no treatment at all. This result was confirmed on a matched pairs analysis of 12 breast cancer patients sampled before and after chemotherapy. We conclude, that chemotherapeutic treatment with alkylating agents modulate the capacity of UV-induced DNA-repair in human lymphocytes in a yet unknown way.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adjuvant portal liver infusion with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin in colorectal cancer. SAKK.

Between 1981 and 1987, 533 patients from 9 institutions were entered in a randomized trial to assess the value of adjuvant perioperative portal infusion with Fluorouracil and Mitomycin as compared to radical surgery alone. Analysis of 469 evaluable patients at a median follow-up of 5.8 years revealed 110 recurrences in the control and 94 recurrences in the infusion group. Estimated 5-year disease-free survival was 52% and 61% respectively (hazard ratio: 1:0.75; 95% confidence interval 0.57-0.99; p = 0.046). Overall survival was 59% in the control and 69% in the infusion group (p = 0.048). Adjuvant portal infusion did not influence the occurrence of liver metastases but reduced the overall recurrence rate.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cancer control by family history.

Family history can be used to identify persons at high cancer risk and to target appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures. First-degree female relatives of women with breast cancer (n = 600) are at increased risk for breast cancer (RR: 1.7.95% CI: 1.4-1.9). First-degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients (n = 184) are at increased risk for colorectal cancer (RR: 1.8.95% CI: 1.4-2.3). Families with hereditary cancer syndromes are identified. The family history approach can be used in every part of the world, and it should become a part of future cancer control activities.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early hematological toxicity of adjuvant perioperative intraportal and intravenous chemotherapy with fluorouracil, mitomycin and heparin in colorectal cancer. Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research.

BACKGROUND: From 1987 to 1993 the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) performed a randomized phase III adjuvant trial in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma with the objective of comparing intraportal versus intravenous perioperative chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients younger than 75 years had a curative en bloc resection of their cancer and were then randomized into three arms: 1. adjuvant perioperative portal liver infusion with fluorouracil, mitomycin and heparin, 2. adjuvant subclavian intravenous infusion with the same regimen and 3. no adjuvant treatment. The hematological toxicity was evaluated by hemoglobin determination and leucocyte and thrombocyte counting before and during ten days after surgery. RESULTS: Hemoglobin showed a median decrease of 22% in the control group. This decrease is aggravated significantly by 3% through the chemotherapy. Leucocytes showed a median decrease of 7% in the control group. Perioperative chemotherapy caused a significantly higher median drop; 23% when given into the liver through the portal vein and 34% when given systemically through a subclavian catheter. Thrombocytes revealed a median decrease of 25% in the control group. Chemotherapy was not associated with a significant additional drop. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant perioperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil, mitomycin and Heparin as given in this study is associated with a significant mild drop in hemoglobin and leucocytes during the first 10 postoperative days. If drug dose increases are planned in future trials the addition of hematopoietic growth factors might be considered.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnostic and therapeutic of arteriovenous fistulas (author's transl)].

The clinical signs of 2 arteriovenous fistulas are discussed and compared with the literature. Arteriovenous fistulas following percutaneous kidney bioposies are very frequent. Most of them are not to be treated. In contrast to the common spontaneous closure of these fistulas in the kidney periphery, central arteriovenous fistulas should be operated always by partial resection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Taking a family history in cancer patients with a simple questionnaire.

A one-page family history questionnaire was validated in two European areas covered by population-based cancer registries. Information on malignant tumor occurrence in first degree relatives was collected from 193 cancer patients in Trieste, Italy and from 64 in Basel, Switzerland. They were then compared with the corresponding data stored in the registries' files. The sensitivity of the questionnaire was 85% (Trieste) and 74% (Basel), the specificity was 97% in both studies and the overall accuracy 95% (Trieste) and 94% (Basel). The questionnaire is recommended for use in different geographical areas covered by population based registries for comparative analyses of cancer related family histories.

Adolescent↗