Biomedical subjects

W W Hallmon

Publications and source records attributed to W W Hallmon.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Plaque-induced inflammation around implants.

This article is a review of plaque-induced inflammation around dental implants. The microflora around successful implants is similar to healthy sulci, while that associated with failing implants is similar to periodontally diseased sites. Implant microflora is similar to the tooth microflora in the partially edentulous mouth. The microflora of implants in partially edentulous mouths differs from that in edentulous mouths. This seems to indicate a bacterial reservoir around the teeth and the possibility of reinfection of the implant sulcus by periodontal pathogens. The maintenance of a tooth microflora consistent with periodontal health in partially edentulous mouths may lead to maintaining an implant microflora consistent with peri-implant health. Thus, periodontal and implant maintenance are linked and neither can be overlooked.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

The role of computerized tomography in dental implantology.

Dental implant therapy has dramatically expanded the treatment options available for both the partially and completely edentulous patient. Advances in the use of dental implants have necessitated the inclusion of additional diagnostic procedures in the treatment planning process to optimize the site and angulation of fixtures and, consequently, the success of prosthetic restorations. One of these procedures is computerized tomography. Originally introduced as a medical diagnostic technique, it has been adapted for many uses in dentistry. This article reviews the role of computerized tomography in dental implantology. Its advantages, disadvantages, and indications are presented.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗

PubMed1991

Implant maintenance: debridement and peri-implant home care.

Although implant maintenance is one of the most frequently overlooked areas in implantology, the success of an implant can hinge on maintenance performed at regular intervals. Prevention of peri-implant disease should be a prime motivating factor for patient and therapist involvement in a regular maintenance program.

Dental Devices, Home Care↗

PubMed1990

The surface characteristics produced by various oral hygiene instruments and materials on titanium implant abutments.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the comparative surface roughness produced by various oral hygiene instruments and materials on titanium implant abutments. Ten Brånemark titanium abutment cylinders were used, with one serving as an untreated control. One abutment was used to evaluate each of nine oral hygiene instrumentation methods used for specified lengths of time or instrument strokes. Each abutment was sonically cleaned, air dried, and viewed with a scanning electron microscope. Polaroid photomicrographs were made of abutment surfaces at predetermined magnifications. They were analyzed by three investigators, who compared individual test parameters in terms of time application or stroke number. The resulting abutment surface roughness was also evaluated. The rubber cup with flour of pumice created a smoother surface than the control; the interdental brush, soft nylon toothbrush, plastic scaler, Eva plastic tip, rubber cup, and Cavi-jet left a surface comparable to the control; the metal scalers and the Cavitron created a severely roughened surface.

Dental Abutments↗

PubMed1989

Bacteriostatic effect of tetracycline in a temporary cement.

Temporary crowns with subgingival margins can result in gingival inflammation. This inflammation is the result of plaque accumulating at the restoration-tooth interface and a change in the nature of that plaque to one associated with periodontitis. It was postulated that tetracycline incorporated in a slightly soluble cement would be released in the sulcus and decrease the amount, and improve the quality, of the subgingival microflora. The unknown was whether tetracycline is inactivated by any of the components of the temporary cement Temp Bond. To determine this concern, disks of Temp Bond cement with and without varying concentrations of tetracycline were anaerobically incubated in cultures of Bacteroides gingivalis. Results showed that tetracycline incorporated in Temp Bond at 10% by weight is highly bacteriostatic while retaining typical working properties of the cement.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed1989

The glycosylated hemoglobin assay for diabetes: its value to the periodontist. Two case reports.

The glycosylated hemoglobin assay is a relatively new test used in the diagnosis and monitoring of the diabetic patient. This assay should be of interest to the periodontist as it offers important advantages over traditional blood glucose testing methods. Most importantly, it gives an indication of the blood glucose level over an extended period of time (30 to 90 days), whereas traditional assays only indicate the glucose level at one point in time. Additionally, there is no requirement for fasting prior to testing. Two case reports are presented to illustrate how the glycosylated hemoglobin assay can be utilized by the periodontist.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Periodontal wound healing responses to varying oxygen concentrations and atmospheric pressures.

Oxygen effects on healing gingival wedge excisions were tested using Sprague-Dawley rats. 40 operated controls were maintained at normal pressure in room air. 3 experimental groups of 40 rats each were exposed for 90 min daily to one of the following: (1) 20.8% oxygen at 2.4 atmospheres pressure, (2) 100% oxygen at 1 atmosphere, or (3) 100% oxygen at 2.4 atmospheres. 5 animals in each group were sacrificed at the following times: 30, 54, 78 h and weeks 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12. Histometric analysis was performed using light microscopy. The connective tissue healing above a reference notch on the maxillary first molar mesial root was assessed. The controls failed to show healing comparable to experimental animals until the end of 2 weeks. Enhanced connective tissue healing above the notch was most significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) in the 2.4 atmospheres pressure groups at 3 and 6 weeks when compared to controls. However, by 12 weeks, no significant differences could be detected. New cementum formation was rare and occasional root resorption was observed. Early connective tissue adaptation does not imply eventual attachment as epithelial downgrowth progressively displaced the connective tissue adjacent to the root in both experimental and control groups of this study.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Periodontal manifestations of the heritable Mac-1, LFA-1, deficiency syndrome. Clinical, histopathologic and molecular characteristics.

The clinical, histopathologic and functional consequences of the genetic deficiency of leukocyte Mac-1, LFA-1 and p150,95 were assessed among three affected patients, heterozygotes and unaffected individuals among two generations of a single kindred. Longitudinal assessments of this family afforded the unique opportunity to characterize the natural history of severe periodontal manifestations associated with this disorder. Features uniformly observed among each patient included recurrent, necrotic soft tissue infections, impaired pus formation, delayed wound healing, constant granulocytosis, severe abnormalities of adhesion-dependent granulocyte functions and a profound deficiency (3%-6% of normal) of Mac-1 glycoproteins on granulocyte surfaces. Characteristic features of generalized prepubertal periodontitis including rapidly progressive alveolar bone loss affecting the primary and permanent dentitions (leading to premature tooth loss), recession, clefting and migration in association with intense gingival inflammation were uniformly observed. Biopsies of inflamed periodontal tissues in these individuals demonstrated dense infiltrates of mononuclear leukocytes but a striking absence of extravascular neutrophil granulocytes. Heterozygous family members demonstrated approximately half normal Mac-1 protein expression but no susceptibility to systemic infections and normal, adhesion-dependent leukocyte functions. Prepubescent heterozygotes demonstrated no periodontal manifestations but a 31-year-old heterozygous female exhibited clinical and radiographic features typical of postjuvenile periodontitis. The profound periodontal manifestations recognized in this clinical-pathologic model emphasize the physiologic importance of leukocyte adhesion reactions in defense of the periodontium and further suggest a possible pathologic role for Mac-1 proteins in other forms of early-onset periodontitis.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Flossing clefts. Clinical and histologic observations.

Clinical and histologic observations of 14 marginal tissue clefts associated with improper floss manipulation are presented. Newly acquired lesions were characteristically inflamed, ulcerated and symptomatic while clefts of chronic duration were asymptomatic and un-noticed by the patient. Cleft sites exhibiting varying degrees of epithelialization generally presented apical bifurcations suggesting reinjury by the patient during lateral positional shifts of the floss. The terminology "flossing cleft" is suggested by the authors to describe linear or V-shaped interdental marginal tissue deformities that result from dental floss-induced injury. While these clefts may serve as a potential source of bacteremia during vigorous flossing and associated oral tissue manipulation, in no instances were they determined to constitute a morphologic impediment to effective plaque control efforts.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck's disease). A case report.

The occurrence of focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck's Disease) in a 12-year-old Mexican-American female is presented. Focal epithelial hyperplasia is a relatively unusual and benign disorder characterized generally by multiple asymptomatic nodules, occurring most commonly in younger segments of indigenous populations and ethnic groups. The clinical behavior, histologic appearance and possible etiologic factors of focal epithelial hyperplasia are discussed.

Biopsy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Implications of diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease.

The dental profession is acutely aware of oral health problems associated with diabetes mellitus and clinical manifestations indicative of occult forms of the disease. Periodontal disease is common in patients with diabetes, and its effective management in diabetic patients requires cooperation involving the patient, physician, diabetes educator, dentist, and other allied health care providers. While these patients categorically appear more prone to diseases affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth, preservation of functional dental integrity can be attained by effective control of contributing systemic and local factors. This paper will discuss periodontal disease, its relationship to diabetes, proposed mechanisms of interaction, and management of periodontal disease in the diabetic patient.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A comparative study of the effects of metallic, nonmetallic, and sonic instrumentation on titanium abutment surfaces.

This study compared the effects of metallic, nonmetallic, and sonic instrumentation on titanium abutment surfaces in vitro. Designated test surfaces in each of seven abutments were instrumented either for 25 strokes or 30 seconds, and for 50 strokes or 5 minutes. One abutment served as an untreated control. Scanning electron microscopy photomicrographs were coded and scored by five investigators and designated as smooth (comparable to control (0), slightly roughened, (1), moderately roughened (2), or severely roughened (3). Based on this investigation, the increasing order of surface alteration for each instrumentation was as follows: Implacare < Implant Support < Steri-Oss < Dynatip < Columbia 13/14 < Sonic scaler < Implarette scaler. The Implacare and Implant Support nonmetallic (plastic) scalers appear to be the instruments of choice for debridement of titanium abutment surfaces if preservation of surface integrity is the primary objective.

Dental Abutments↗