Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W W Hall

Publications and source records attributed to W W Hall.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Macrophage Fc receptors control infectivity and neutralization of canine distemper virus-antibody complexes.

Dogs that are persistently infected or that become moribund after exposure to canine distemper virus (CDV) have antibody that neutralized CDV when tested in dog lung macrophage cultures but failed to neutralize CDV when tested in epithelial, fibroblastic, or lymphatic cells. The antibody attached to protein A and was found in the immunoglobulin G fraction. The antibody bound complement and lysed CDV-infected target cells. The neutralizing activity in macrophages could be abolished (i) by pepsin digestion and removal of Fc portions from the antibody, (ii) by blocking the Fc receptors of macrophages with heat-treated normal dog serum, and (iii) by binding of protein A to Fc portions of the antibody. It was concluded that attachment of the CDV-antibody complex to Fc receptors of macrophages was essential for virus neutralization. If this attachment was hindered, the CDV-antibody complex became infectious for macrophages. In contrast, serum from recovering dogs neutralized CDV when tested in epithelial, fibroblastic, or lymphatic cells as well as in macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Rupture of the cervical esophagus from blunt trauma.

A patient had a left anterolateral linear tear of the lower cervical esophagus with concomitant second rib fracture after a steering wheel injury. Diagnosis of the lesion was delayed because of initial absence of physical signs. Subsequent operative drainage and repair were unsuccessful.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1982

Atypical measles syndrome: pathologic and serologic findings.

The clinical course of measles occurring in 17 adolescents who had previously received killed measles vaccine is described. All adolescents had a peripheral dermatitis. Fifteen had characteristic pulmonary infiltrates. Serologic study in six adolescents using immunoprecipitation of 35S-methionine-labeled measles virus antigens revealed that 5/6 acute sera lacked antibody to the hemolysin antigen whereas 5/6 sera contained antibody to hemagglutinin antigen. Skin biopsies, obtained from three patients, demonstrate a combination of an Arthus reaction and delayed hypersensitivity. The typical measles histologic complex was absent. Measles virions were seen in the deep dermal blood vessels. The serologic and histopathologic presentation of this disease indicates that killed vaccine does not adequately induce antibody to the hemolysin (F) which is necessary to prevent cell-to-cell spread of paramyxoviruses. Killed vaccine does, however, produce hemagglutinin antibody and simultaneously incites later hypersensitivity to wild virus infection, producing the unusual dermatopathologic reaction seen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

SSPE, measles virus, and the matrix protein: report of a case with unusual immunochemical findings.

We report a case of atypical subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in which the diagnosis was confirmed by a new radioimmunoprecipitation method. Antimeasles antibody was absent in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) when measured by conventional immunoassay techniques, there was no clinical response to isoprinosine, and the patient showed a selective absence of CSF antibody response to the matrix protein and only a partial serum antibody response to this measles polypeptide. The value of this sensitive immunoprecipitation method in profiling the selective antibody responses to the several measles polypeptides and the advisability of using isoprinosine, an immunopotentiating agent, to treat SSPE are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A radioimmunoassay search for measles and distemper antigens in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple sclerosis brain tissues.

Solid-phase direct sandwich radioimmunoassays have been developed which will detect measles antigen in as little as 20 microgram of SSPE brain, measles antigen in 5 x 10(4) pfu/ml of measles virus, and canine distemper antigen in 5 x 10(5) pfu/ml of this virus. Using these assays, a search was carried out for measles and distemper antigens in CNS autopsy tissue from 3 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Even in 1000-fol higher concentrations of MS brain (20 mg), antigens of neither virus were detected. Additional studies were carried out using similar radioimmunoassays but employing IgG from 2 MS patients as probe against MS brain specimens, including IgG and acute plaque material from the same individual. However, no reaction between MS IgG and MS brain was detected. Thus no evidence was found for foreign antigen in the MS brain nor for autoantibody which reacted with brain tissue antigens. It is concluded that either measles or distemper are not present in acute MS lesions, or that they are present in such small amounts that their detection will require techniques even more sensitive than those used in the present study.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The functions and inhibition of the membrane glycoproteins of paramyxoviruses and myxoviruses and the role of the measles virus M protein in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

The F glycoprotein of paramyxoviruses is responsible for cell fusion and hemolysis and for virus penetration via fusion of viral and cell membranes. These functions are activated by specific proteolytic cleavage of an inactive precursor (F0) into two disulfide-linked polypeptides (F1 and F2). The susceptibility of the F0 protein to cleavage by a host protease is a major determinant of virus host range and virulence. Synthetic oligopeptides that mimic the N-terminal region of the F1 polypeptide are specific inhibitors of paramyxoviruses, and oligopeptides that mimic the N-terminus of the HA2 polypeptide of influenza virus, also generated by cleavage, specifically inhibit that virus. Antibodies to F protein prevent the spread of paramyxovirus infection via membrane fusion, but antibodies to HN protein do not, although they neutralize released virus. These results and previous findings that formalin-treated virus does not induce antibodies to F protein provide an explanation for atypical measles. The HN protein has both receptor-binding and neuraminidase activities, and Cl- inhibition of neuraminidase may modulate these antagonistic activities. Studies in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) suggest that there is a host restriction of synthesis of the M protein of measles virus in brain cells which is involved in the abortive, persistent infection that causes SSPE.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Induction of chronic neurologic disease in mice with canine distemper virus.

The capacity of a mouse-adapted strain of canine distemper virus (CDV) to induce central nervous system (CNS) disease in weanling mice was investigated. Lethality of infection was found to be mouse-strain-dependent. In sensitive strains, an acute meningoencephalomyelitis developed. Brain tissue from acutely ill animals demonstrated numerous foci of viral antigen, and extracts yielded infectious virus. Mice of resistant strains, notably the SJL strain, survived the effects of acute infection, appeared well for several weeks, and then began to develop signs of subacute CNS disease. Preliminary histopathologic examination of brain and cord from acutely ill animals revealed prominent perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates, mononuclear cell meningitis, and gliosis. These features were also found in the subacute disease, where, however, the lesions were less severe. Also, in the latter, virus antigen could not be demonstrated. The results indicate that CDV infection of mice may provide a promising model system for the study of virus-induced chronic CNS disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Measles and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus proteins: lack of antibodies to the M protein in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Studies on the immunoprecipitation of the proteins of several different measles and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus strains from lysates of infected cells have revealed a relative lack of antibodies to the nonglycosylated viral membrane protein (M) in the sera of patients with SSPE, in contrast to a high level of antibodies to other viral proteins. No evidence was found for the existence of a large number of antigenically unique M proteins. In contrast to SSPE sera, other hyperimmune human or rabbit sera precipitated M protein as well as the other viral proteins. The results suggest that in patients with SSPE there is either diminished synthesis of M, or it is not recognized normally by the immune system, and that an abnormality in M protein is involved in the pathogenesis of SSPE. Although differences in electrophoretic mobility of the M proteins and several other viral proteins were observed among different SSPE and measles strains, there was no pattern characteristic of SSPE strains, nor could these strains be distinguished by peptide mapping.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Polypeptide composition of mumps virus.

The Enders strain of mumps virus grown in ovo was purified by differential and equilibrium sucrose gradient sedimentation. Purified virus contained seven polypeptides of mol. wts 68,000, 66,000, 61,000, 54,000, 52,000, 49,000, 47,000. Nucleocapsids isolated from DOC-treated virus contained two polypeptides of mol. wts 66,000 and 61,000.

Molecular Weight↗
PubMed1977

Measles-virus-specific immunoglobulin-M response in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Measles-virus specific IgM and IgG responses in sera and cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.) of 20 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (S.S.P.E.) and of two control groups were examined by indirect radioimmunoassay. All S.S.P.E. patients, regardless of the stage of the disease, had high titres of anti-measles antibodies in sera and C.S.F. The antibody activity was associated with both the IgM and the IgG classes of immunoglobulins. In 7 (35%) of the S.S.P.E. cases the specific IgM response was more pronounced in the C.S.F. than in the serum, suggesting IgM production within the central nervous system. The two control groups did not have a specific IgM response in C.S.F. or serum. It is assumed that the continuing release of measles antigen in S.S.P.E., as the result of the persistence of virus virus in the central nervous system, pevents the shut-off of IgM synthesis and is responsible for the specific IgM activity. It is proposed that the detection of virus-specific IgM antibodies in the C.S.F. of patients with chronic diseases of the central nervous system can be taken as an indication of persistence of virus.

Adolescent↗