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Biomedical subjects

W Vischer

Publications and source records attributed to W Vischer.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Diagnosis of bacterial overgrowth after culturing proximal small-bowel aspirate obtained during routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the method of obtaining aspirated fluid for culture from the small intestine through a fiberoptic gastrointestinal endoscope for diagnosing small-bowel overgrowth. The study population consisted of 10 healthy volunteers and 26 patients with various gastrointestinal problems referred for routine endoscopic examination. The material to be cultured was obtained under direct visualization approximately 25 to 30 cm distal to the pylorus or from the afferent loop (in Billroth-II patients) with a sterilized sheathed wash pipe passed through the suction channel of the endoscope. Cultures were considered positive for bacterial overgrowth if total counts of organisms were 10(5)/ml or more. All healthy volunteers and 16 of 21 unoperated patients had sterile or insignificant growth, whereas all 5 patients who had Billroth-II operations had positive overgrowth. The endoscopic method for collection of proximal gastrointestinal fluid for culture is simple and can be performed during routine endoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

CGP 4832, a new semisynthetic rifamycin derivative highly active against some gram-negative bacteria.

CGP 4832 (5) is a new derivative of rifamycin S, showing a very high degree of activity against certain Gram-negative bacteria, with MICs as much as 400 times lower than those of rifampicin. CGP 4832 and rifampicin inhibit DNA-dependent transcription in vitro to a similar extent, which excludes any difference in their effect on the target enzyme. The most plausible explanation for the potent activity of CGP 4832 is that it penetrates into bacterial cells by way of a specific mechanism. This hypothesis is corroborated by the high rate of mutations leading to bacterial strains resistant against CGP 4832.

DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases↗
PubMed1987

Pharmacokinetics of clofazimine in healthy volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics of clofazimine was evaluated in 12 healthy male volunteers following single and multiple oral doses of clofazimine. Six volunteers received a single dose of 200 mg together with food. A 200-mg dose was administered to three volunteers either with or without food. In a multiple-dose experiment, three volunteers were repeatedly dosed with 50 mg per day together with food for 8 days. Following a single oral dose of 200 mg, the mean peak plasma concentration of clofazimine was 861 +/- 289 pmol/g (+/- S.D., N = 6) after 8 hr (median). The mean terminal half-life was 10.6 +/- 4.0 days. Comparison of the bioavailability of clofazimine administered with or without food revealed a 60% higher mean area under the curve (AUC) value and a 30% higher mean maximum concentration (Cmax) value with food (N = 3). The median of times to peak (Tmax) was 8 hr with food and 12 hr without food. In the multiple-dose study, good agreement was found between the mean experimental plasma concentration values and the plasma concentration profile predicted from the single-dose pharmacokinetics. The elimination half-life calculated from the terminal phase of the individual profiles after the last dose was 8.8 +/- 1.0 days (+/- S.D., N = 3). The half-life obtained from the fitted mean multiple-dose profile was 10.5 days. The slow elimination of clofazimine has its implications for the treatment regimen in patients. To avoid the long-lasting accumulation toward the steady state, higher daily loading doses are recommended at the beginning of therapy followed by a daily maintenance dose.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Symmetrical peripheral gangrene in disseminated tuberculosis.

We report the case of a 66-year-old man who developed a symmetrical peripheral gangrene (SPG) on both feet during disseminated miliary tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was not only isolated from sputum, gastric juice, and urine, but also from a blood culture. Since a disseminated intravascular coagulopathy was very likely to be excluded, it is possible that the SPG was due to embolization of arterioles by the tubercle bacilli. The literature of SPG is reviewed and the different possible pathogenic mechanisms of SPG, such as hypoxemia, vasoconstriction, primary endothelial damage, and vascular obstruction, are discussed. SPG is another cutaneous manifestation of disseminated tuberculosis.

Embolism↗
PubMed1985

Etiology of acute infectious diarrhea in a highly industrialized area of Switzerland.

During an 18-mo period between 1981 and 1982, a prospective study was conducted in 119 adult patients with acute diarrhea. A diarrhea-inducing microorganism or toxin could be identified in 38.7% of the patients. Salmonella sp and Campylobacter jejuni were the leading agents that caused diarrheal illness in 25% of the investigated population. Clostridium difficile was found in 6%, mainly after previous antibiotic therapy. Rotavirus was rarely isolated and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were not found. Clinical features in patients in whom an invasive agent was isolated did not differ from those in patients in whom no enteropathogens were found, although the occurrence of fecal leukocytes and positive hemoccult tests in the former group was significantly more frequent. More than 30% of the patients with negative stool cultures, however, showed fecal leukocytes and positive occult blood, which is suggestive of the existence of one or more invasive agent(s) so far unknown or not recognized.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

[Standardized disk tests for the determination of bacterial resistance ].

This paper describes the standardized Kirby-Bauer disc method for the determination of antibacterial susceptibility, also including choice of antimicrobials, interpretation of results, problems with particular bacteria, and quality control. Only a meticulous adherence to the details of the method will guarantee reliable results.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1983

[Contribution to the epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni. From asymptomatic excretion by a cow in the cowshed to overt disease in over 500 persons].

An outbreak of C. jejuni enteritis involving participants of a jogging rally is described. Information was obtained by questionnaire about food consumption, incubation period, duration of illness and symptomatology. A drink prepared with raw milk was incriminated as vehicle of the outbreak. More than 500 runners were symptomatic with an attack rate of over 75%. Secondary cases were rare. Using serotyping, milk from a single cow fecally excreting C. jejuni type 2 was suspected to be the outbreak vehicle.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Pharmacokinetic comparison of cefroxadin (CGP 9000) and cephalexin by simultaneous administration to humans.

The pharmacokinetic parameters of cefroxadin and cephalexin were compared after simultaneous oral administration of the two cephalosporins to 21 subjects. The influence of the dose, the formulation, and food intake on these parameters was investigated. Both drugs were equally well absorbed from all of the tested formulations; identical percentages of the dose were recovered in the urine in all cases. The elimination half-life of cefroxadin and, consequently, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve were about 10% less than those of cephalexin. Plasma concentrations and cumulative excretion curves of the two drugs were almost superimposable. Food intake had the same effect on both drugs; absorption was slowed, but the amounts absorbed were almost the same as those in fasted subjects.

Adult↗