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Biomedical subjects

W Vandereycken

Publications and source records attributed to W Vandereycken.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Validity and reliability of the Anorectic Behavior Observation Scale for parents.

The Anorectic Behavior Observation Scale (ABOS) is a new self-reporting questionnaire developed to obtain information from parents about specific behaviors and attitudes in their children that might be symptomatic for anorexia or bulimia nervosa. Parents of 191 eating disorder patients and 174 female students completed the questionnaire. Using a cut-off score of 19, the ABOS has a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 89.6%. A comparison with a clinician's evaluation of the patients' behavior and, in the control group, with the subjects' own judgement, revealed that parents generally give reliable information. The ABOS may be used as a valuable supplement to existing screening instruments for eating disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Guidelines for the family therapeutic approach to eating disorders.

After a brief historical overview of the literature on family therapy in eating disorders, the authors' own clinical experience is summarized in some practical guidelines: give the family therapist a central position within the team, engage the family and/or spouse as co-therapist, explore the message of the eating disorder on different levels, neutralize the symptoms outside of the family interaction, promote direct communication, facilitate the separation-individuation process, and be available for a long time. Finally some special issues are discussed: sexual and/or physical abuse in the family, broken-home situations and single-parent families, married and chronic patients.

Family Therapy↗
PubMed1990

What happened to the growth spurt of nineteenth-century adolescents? An essay on the history of a scientific omission.

It is common knowledge that puberty is characterized, among other phenomena, by a striking growth spurt. An exploration of the medical literature from previous centuries shows, however, that this feature of adolescence has attracted surprisingly little attention. Although the pubertal growth spurt was known to eighteenth-century physicians, it was neglected for about a century. The influential Belgian scientist Quetelet demonstrated a remarkable scotoma towards the phenomenon. It was only after his death in 1874 that the relationship between puberty and growth spurt became a scientifically established and recognized fact.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The use of hypnosis in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.

Promising research data, relating hypnotizability and the possible presence of a dissociative mechanism in bulimic individuals, stimulated the present authors to incorporate hypnosis in their directive and multidimensional treatment of bulimic patients. Important strategies and how and when they can be applied in the different phases of treatment are described. In many cases, hypnotherapeutic techniques may enhance the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral and interactional strategies in the treatment of bulimic patients. In other instances, the incorporation of hypnosis may help both the therapist and patient to discover new pathways to facilitate the therapeutic process.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A tribute to Lasègue's description of anorexia nervosa (1873), with completion of its English translation.

Gull and Lasègue are usually credited with the first description of anorexia nervosa. In general, however, the work of the French neuropsychiatrist has been underestimated, and English-speaking colleagues who refer to Lasègue's writing on 'hysterical anorexia' almost exclusively rely on the translation of his French paper, which in 1873 appeared in a British medical journal, the same year as the original publication. However, some important passages had been omitted from the translation, and this has not previously been noted.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1990

The first Australian case description of anorexia nervosa.

To the best of our knowledge, H.E. Astles was the first Australian physician who, in a lecture in 1882, paid explicit attention to the illness of anorexia nervosa. We reproduce his paper because of its historical value, which we underline in our comments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Anorexia nervosa in German medical literature of the 19th century].

After its first description in 1873, anorexia nervosa seems not to have attracted much attention in countries of German language. Compared to French and English literature, German publications on the subject were rather scarce in the 19th century. This article gives an overview of those writings and an explanation of the lack of interest on the part of the German-speaking physicians. Apparently, to them anorexia nervosa did not appeal as a nosological entity distinct from the popular diagnosis of "nervous dyspepsia".

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1990

Anorexia nervosa in 19th century America.

Compared with late 19th century publications in Great Britain and France, medical writers in the United States of the same era apparently had less interest in anorexia nervosa as a distinct clinical syndrome. A review of the literature of that period shows that American physicians very rarely referred to the "new" syndrome described in 1873 by Gull and Lasègue. Except for some short or oblique references, the first explicit clinical description of a case of anorexia nervosa by an American author (James Hendrie Lloyd) did not appear until 1893. The controversy about "fasting girls" and the all-dominating diagnosis of neurasthenia may explain the delay in the American interest in the new disorder. The present article documents and discusses this hitherto little known fragment in the history of medicine and psychiatry.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of body image perception in patients with anorexia nervosa].

In the patient unit of the University Clinic for Psychiatry at Kortenberg (K.U. Leuven) Belgium and in the Psychosomatic Hospital Bad Pyrmont, which specialises in the treatment of anorexia nervosa, a great deal of attention is given to the evaluation of body image via the video-distortion technique, the video-confrontation technique and the body attitude test (a questionnaire). These different methods as well as the first findings and experiences are described.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1989

Who was the first to describe anorexia nervosa: Gull or Lasègue?

Leading articles or textbooks on anorexia nervosa generally give credit for its discovery to either the British physician William Withey Gull or to the French neuropsychiatrist Ernest Charles Lasègue. Although the major contributions of both men show a remarkable but independent coincidence around 1873, Gull is mostly given a slight priority because of a rather cryptic mention of an anorexia-like condition in a paper read in 1868. An analysis of the events, however, shows that the British physician from London does not really deserve this honour. For no clear-cut priority for either man can be established.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1988

Perception of changes in eating disorder patients during group treatment.

The evolution of 53 eating disorder patients during inpatient group treatment has been studied by comparing the perception of changes by the patients themselves, the group members, and the therapeutic team. Remarkable differences were found between the judgments of these three groups. Patients tend to deny problems or to evaluate their progress rather optimistically, whereas fellow patients and staff members are much alike in their sceptical evaluations. It is concluded that the evaluation procedure may have more value as a therapeutic tool than as an assessment method.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Chronic illness behavior and noncompliance with treatment: pathways to an interactional approach.

The increasing cost of medical overconsumption is partially due to the physicians' neglect in everyday clinical practice of the intrinsic gratification of the sick role in our society. Many health care providers do not seem to realize that their intervention as experts in the patient's personal life inevitably implies they are becoming part of the ongoing learning history of that individual. Chronic somatic complaining and partial or complete refusal to follow therapeutic advice have to be viewed, first and foremost, as a symptom of a dysfunctional interaction between the patient and his/her immediate environment of which the clinician became a significant member. Management of chronic illness behavior and non-compliance with treatment requires both a functional analysis and a strategy inspired by an interactional perspective on the attitudes and behaviors of at least three parties involved in health care: doctor, patient, and family.

Family↗
PubMed1987

Minuchin's psychosomatic family model revised: a concept-validation study using a multitrait-multimethod approach.

The convergent and discriminant validity of three operationalizations of the psychosomatic family features--enmeshment, rigidity, overprotectiveness, and lack of conflict resolution, as described by Minuchin and colleagues--are tested in families that include patients with eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa and bulimia. We redefined the family features as dimensions and measured them with two behavioral methods (direct observation and behavioral product) and a self-report method. The two behavioral methods showed convergent as well as discriminant validity for the intensity of intrafamilial boundaries, the degree of the family's adaptability, and the family's way of handling conflicts. The self-report method showed only convergent validity for the latter dimension and discriminant validity for none of them. Besides intrafamilial conflict, the self-report method seemed to measure other constructs. A factor analysis of the family questionnaire indeed yielded three more evaluative constructs: conflict, cohesion, and disorganization. We interpreted these findings according to two usually interwoven mechanisms: the different research context (insider/outsider evaluation) in self-report and behavioral observation, and the different level of specification (micro/global evaluation) of certain operationalizations. We draw some conclusions about the psychosomatic family model and discuss the clinical implications of our findings.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

On desire, excitement, and impotence in modern sex therapy.

The widely accepted DSM-III classification of sexual dysfunctions has reinforced the idea that it concerns easily distinguishable deficiencies in the 'normal' phases of the sex response cycle: desire, excitement, and orgasm. For each of these deficiencies sex therapists offer a standard treatment package by which clients can learn to restore the 'natural' response pattern. As such, treatment has become a matter of techniques and so has sexuality itself. Acting as psychotechnologists, many sex therapists show an almost insatiable 'desire' to improve their clients' sexual performance and they experience the 'excitement' of their therapeutic work in counting the number of orgasms their clients are able to reach. But facing the problem of inhibited sexual desire, a lot of sex therapists must admist their 'impotence' in this matter. What they do not seem to realize is that their performance-oriented approach enhances a sociocultural climate in which people lose interest in preprogrammed sex, because sexual lust has turned from a taboo into a 'must'.

Arousal↗
PubMed1987

Body-oriented therapy for anorexia nervosa patients.

Though the disturbed body image is an essential phenomenon of anorexia nervosa, hardly any specific attempts are described to alter the way these patients experience their bodies. The authors present a body-oriented treatment method aimed at curbing hyperactivity, rebuilding a realistic self-concept, learning to enjoy one's own body, and developing social skills. The therapy is a mixture of different techniques among which video-confrontation appears to be an important element.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1986

Risk factors for the development of eating disorders in adolescent exchange students: an exploratory survey.

A pragmatic approach to the prevention of eating disorders involves the study of individuals at high risk for the development of these disorders. A clinical survey of 14 adolescent exchange students who were diagnosed as eating disorder patients confirms our hypothesis that several of the predisposing or precipitating factors mentioned in the literature must be present for the disorder to occur. It is concluded that the prevention of eating disorders among the high risk population of exchange students should focus on an early detection of adolescent identity problems, relational difficulties and an accentuated sensitivity to weight issues.

Acculturation↗