Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W V Vieweg

Publications and source records attributed to W V Vieweg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Seasonal stability of water balance among schizophrenic patients subject to water intoxication.

1. Diurnal weight gain, afternoon hyponatremia, and polyuria were assessed for one year among eight male schizophrenics subject to water intoxication. 2. The authors normalized the diurnal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. Weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and then dividing the result by the 7 a.m. weight. 3. NDWG ranged between 2.69 +/- .99 and 3.34 +/- 1.32 percent (F [3, 5] = .885, p = .509) during the four seasons of the year. 4. The seasonal decrease in afternoon serum sodium compared to its morning counterpart ranged between 4.23 +/- 1.96 and 6.14 +/- 2.82 mmol/l (F [3, 5] = 2.212, p = .205). 5. Seasonal polyuria ranged between 8.2 +/- 3.5 and 8.8 +/- 3.2 liters (F [3, 5] = .228, p = .873). 6. Among schizophrenics subject to water intoxication, the seasonal stability in our three parameters of water imbalance suggest they may be used to follow patients with altered water homeostasis over time. This finding has both clinical and research implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Psychosocial inventory among first-year college students by patterns of alcohol use.

We surveyed 1703 first-year students at the University of Virginia one month after arrival who used alcohol at some time in their lives. Our survey looked at drinking practices and psychosocial patterns. Men drank more and more often than women. Our data suggest that in defining frequent heavy drinkers, one should consider body weight. Now, we define frequent heavy drinking as five or more drinks in a row at least weekly for men, and for women, we use three to four drinks or more in a row at least weekly. Frequent heavy drinkers and students with psychosocial problems appeared disproportionately among students planning to join fraternities and sororities. We believe efforts to correct alcohol abuse and addiction by college students must focus, at least in part, on social organizations, especially fraternities and sororities. Also, we must attend to psychosocial features that predispose to alcohol abuse and addiction.

Achievement↗
PubMed1990

Abnormal diurnal weight gain among institutionalized patients with manic-depressive spectrum disorders.

We found diurnal weight gain to be abnormal among 41 institutionalized patients with manic-depressive spectrum disorders. They were weighed at 7 AM and 4 PM weekly for three weeks. We normalized the diurnal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 AM weight from the 4 PM weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and then dividing the result by the 7 AM weight. NDWG was 2.216 +/- 1.513 percent for the study population, .631 +/- .405 percent for 16 young, newly admitted controls, and .511 +/- .351 percent for 29 normals. Abnormal NDWG may be an additional feature of manic-depressive spectrum disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The syndrome of psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, and polydipsia: evidence for diurnal volume expansion.

Seven patients (6 men and 1 woman, mean age 39.1 +/- SD 6.9 years) with psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, and polydipsia (PIP syndrome) underwent serial determinations of serum sodium (SOD), plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and urinary osmolality (UOSM) at 7 AM and 4 PM. There was a diurnal increase in ANP (7 AM 17.9 +/- 5.1 pg/ml and 4 PM 27.7 +/- 9.0 pg/ml, p = 0.02), a diurnal decrease in serum sodium (7 AM 141.1 +/- 1.7 mEq/l, 4 PM 129.9 +/- 3.2 mEq/l, p less than 0.0001) and no diurnal change in UOSM. The diurnal increase in ANP in the the PIP syndrome contrasts to the diurnal decrease in ANP reported in normal subjects. Our data, while preliminary, suggest that patients with the PIP syndrome have increased intravascular volume leading to ANP secretion, natriuresis, and hyponatremia.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Development of water dysregulation during Arieti's third stage of schizophrenia?

We found abnormal diurnal weight gain among 25% of acutely psychotic patients with schizophrenia and 68% of chronically psychotic patients with schizophrenia. They were weighed at 7:00 AM and 4:00 PM weekly for 3 weeks. We normalized the diurnal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7:00 AM weight from the 4:00 PM weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and dividing the result by the 7:00 AM weight, NDWG was 0.93% +/- 0.89% for the 36 acutely psychotic patients and 2.2% +/- 1.5% for the 68 chronically psychotic patients (F = 25.297, p less than 0.0001). Drugs did not explain this difference. Our data, though preliminary, suggest that water dysregulation, as manifested by abnormal diurnal weight gain, develops in schizophrenia as patients progress into Arieti's third stage of this disorder. A longitudinal study design, rather than our cross-sectional one, would be necessary to assess developmental changes in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Failure of antipsychotic drug dose to explain abnormal diurnal weight gain among 129 chronically psychotic inpatients.

1. The diurnal weight gain was found to be abnormal among 129 chronically psychotic inpatients. 2. The patients were weighed at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. weekly for three weeks. We normalized the diurnal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and then dividing the result by the 7 a.m. weight. 3. NDWG was 2.2 +/- 1.5 percent for 87 male patients compared (p less than .0001) with .53 +/- .41 for 14 male controls. 4. NDWG was 1.8 +/- 1.0 percent for 42 female patients compared (p less than .0001) with .49 +/- .30 for 15 female controls. 5. Seventy percent of male and female patients had NDWG values greater than two standard deviations above the mean values of controls. 6. Differences in age, sex, morning weight, antipsychotic drugs, lithium, carbamazepine, phenytoin, blood pressure, and pulse did not explain these findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Abnormal diurnal weight gain among chronically psychotic patients contrasted with acutely psychotic patients and normals.

We found diurnal weight gain to be abnormal among 28 institutionalized chronically psychotic patients. They were weighed daily for 15 days at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. We normalized the diurnal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and then dividing the result by the 7 a.m. weight. NDWG was 2.8 +/- 1.3% for the 28 study patients, 0.631 +/- 0.405% for 16 acutely psychotic controls, and 0.511 +/- 0.351% for 29 normals. Ninety-three per cent of the study sample had NDWG values above the upper limit of normal. Sex, diagnosis, smoking, baseline weight, blood pressure, and pulse did not explain these observations. NDWG related (N = 28, r = 0.552, P = 0.002) to antipsychotic drug dose. The implications of our findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Diurnal weight gain in chronic psychosis.

We found diurnal weight gain to be abnormal among 93 chronically psychotic patients, most of whom had schizophrenia. They were weighed at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. weekly for 3 weeks. We normalized the diurnal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and dividing the result by the 7 a.m. weight. NDWG was 1.7 +/- 1.0 percent for the study sample, 0.6 +/- 0.4 percent for 16 acutely psychotic controls, and 0.5 +/- 0.4 percent for 29 normals. More than 60 percent of the study sample had abnormal NDWG values. NDWG related to antipsychotic drug dose (r = 0.290, p = 0.005) with variability in drug dose accounting for 8 percent of the variability in NDWG. This report provides yet another piece of evidence that disordered water balance is common in chronic psychiatric patients. The etiology is unknown, but it may relate to subtle brain abnormalities in the regulation of fluid intake and excretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Normalization of abnormal diurnal weight gain among chronically psychotic geriatric patients. Is abnormal diurnal weight gain a risk factor in chronic psychosis?

We studied 20 geriatric and 87 nongeriatric chronically psychotic male inpatients, 16 acutely psychotic male control subjects, and 14 male normal subjects. The subjects were weighed at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. weekly for 3 weeks. We normalized the diurnal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from 4 p.m. weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and then dividing the result by the 7 a.m. weight. NDWG was .509% +/- .337%, 2.209% +/- 1.529%, .631% +/- .405%, and .533% +/- .410%, among the geriatric men, nongeriatric men, control subjects, and normal subjects respectively. Differences in diagnoses and drugs did not explain these findings. We hypothesize that abnormal diurnal weight gain may be a risk factor for premature death among chronically psychotic inpatients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Multiple versus single antipsychotic drug treatment in chronic psychosis.

Fourteen patients receiving multiple antipsychotic drugs in a state mental hospital long-term unit comprised the study sample. They completed a 1-year clinical trial to reduce such drugs to a single antipsychotic agent. Six of the 14 patients were successfully converted to a single antipsychotic drug without clinical deterioration. Eight patients showed marked psychiatric decompensation when converted to single antipsychotic therapy. Factors that may have contributed to this difference are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hyponatremic seizure following ECT.

This report describes the investigation of a spontaneous grand mal seizure in a 55-year old woman, being treated with drugs and ECT for depression. The spontaneous seizure was due to hyponatremia caused by self-induced water intoxication, although psychotrophic medication may have contributed by lowering the seizure threshold. The diagnosis of hyponatremia is discussed.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1989

Survey of diurnal weight gain and urine volume in chronic schizophrenia.

We found diurnal weight gain to be abnormal among 39 chronic schizophrenic patients. The patients were weighed and urine samples obtained weekly for three weeks at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. We normalized the dirunal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and then dividing the result by the 7 a.m. weight. NDWG was 2.075 +/- 1.331% for the 38 study patients, .631 +/- .405% for 16 acutely psychotic controls and .511 +/- .351% for 29 normals. Seventy-seven percent of the study patients had abnormal NDWG values and 62% were polyuric. NDWG related to urine volume (n = 39, r = .356, p = .026) with the variability in urine excretion explaining 13% of the variability in NDWG. We discuss factors that may have contributed to our findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Diurnal weight gain among patients with mental retardation.

We compared the diurnal weight gain of 46 patients with mental retardation to that of 21 patients with organic mental syndromes. They were weighed at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. weekly for 3 weeks. We normalized the diurnal weight gain as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and dividing the result by the 7 a.m. weight. Normalized diurnal weight gain was abnormal among one fourth of patients with mental retardation and two thirds of those with organic mental syndromes. Differences in age, sex, baseline weight, antipsychotic drugs, lithium, carbamazepine, blood pressure, and pulse did not explain our results. We believe that our findings provide additional evidence to separate patients with mental retardation from those with psychosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, and polydipsia (PIP syndrome) using lithium and phenytoin.

Six patients [5 men and 1 woman, mean age 37.3 +/- 8.2 (SD) years] with psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, and polydipsia (PIP syndrome) underwent a sequence of treatments in an effort to normalize basal serum sodium levels and thereby protect the patients against complications, including hyponatremic seizures and coma. The morning baseline group mean basal serum sodium value was 132.5 +/- 3.8 meq/liter. Over a 20-month period, the sequence of treatments was salt-added diet, lithium and phenytoin, and lithium alone. Each treatment program yielded morning group mean basal serum sodium determinations superior to baseline values, except for the program of lithium alone, which could not be tolerated. The combination of lithium and phenytoin provided a morning group mean basal serum sodium level of 140.6 +/- 3.2 meq/liter, which was superior (p less than 0.01) to all other treatment modalities. Early morning hyposthenuria persisted throughout the 20-month period of observation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Clinical and demographic characteristics of 15 patients with repetitively assaultive behavior.

The 15 patients with the highest numbers of assaultive incidents over a one year period in a state mental hospital were identified and information collected regarding a variety of clinical and demographic characteristics. The results showed a group of patients who are relatively young, manifest severe symptomatology that is generally unresponsive to treatment, and have now been hospitalized continuously for greater than four years. The patients experienced the onset of symptoms as teenagers in most cases, showed poor psychosocial adjustment beyond childhood, and had positive family histories for mental illness or alcohol abuse. Patients with psychotic disorders predominated and tended to have positive symptoms rated as severe to very severe on the Global Rating Scale for Psychosis. Patients with nonpsychotic or personality disorders always showed a high frequency of self-injurious behavior in addition to their aggressive behavior toward others. A number of patients had a history of head trauma with EEG abnormalities. This information provides a starting point for subsequent studies examining potential distinctions between this subpopulation of patients and others, the motivation and circumstances of such incidents, and the interaction between the behaviors and their effects on those around them.

Adult↗