Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W Tress

Publications and source records attributed to W Tress.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Relation between research and practice in analytic psychotherapy].

The technique of psychoanalytic treatment as an objective, operative-technological theory inevitably experiences a subjective refraction on analyst's personality and his or her own cognitive and interactional styles influencing therapeutic efficiency. Systematic clinical trials of treatment data integrating motions from psychoanalytic, social and cognitive science, reconcile the gap between research and practice, between basic science and application. It will be discussed how empirical research can delineate therapists' cognitive and perceptual skills and the process of transformation from declarative to procedural knowledge, further elaborated in reciprocal connection with practice. The models of Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) and Cyclic Maladaptive Pattern (CMP) are especially considered. We will also discuss the consequences for training in psychoanalysis.

Countertransference↗
PubMed1993

Is there a typical conflict in gastric complaints? An epidemiologic-psychoanalytic contribution to the question of conflict specificity in psychosomatic medicine.

The question of conflict specificity for subjects with gastric complaints was investigated in the context of a representative, epidemiologic-psychoanalytic field study. Out of a population of 600 adults probands with dyspepsia were compared with individuals with musculoskeletal symptoms and 'healthy' subjects. Using interview protocols 2 'blinded' raters judged whether a dependency-independency conflict was present in different aspects of life. Findings supported the higher prevalence of the conflict among subjects with dyspepsia. Therefore, the conflict was considered typical, but not specific for the experimental group.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Is there a typical conflict in dyspepsia? An epidemiologic psychoanalytic contribution to the topic of a specific conflict in psychosomatic medicine].

The question whether a dependency-independency-conflict is specific for subjects with gastric complaints was investigated by means of a representative, psychoanalytic-epidemiologic field study (Mannheimer Kohortenprojekt). Out of a population of 600 adults probands with dyspepsia were compared with individuals with musculoskeletal symptoms and "healthy" subjects. Using interview protocols of these individuals two "blinded" raters judged whether the conflict under consideration was present in different aspects of life. It could be confirmed that subjects with gastric complaints showed the conflict significantly more often than either control group. However, the conflict was also found among individuals of either control group. It can be concluded that the dependency-independency-conflict is typical, but not specific for subjects suffering from dyspepsia.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Psychometric assessment of defense mechanisms: correlation between questionnaire and expert rating. Initial study of validity].

Within the limits of an epidemiological longitudinal field survey on prevalence and course of psychogenic disorders a high-risk-population suffering from medical psychogenic impairment was investigated. The study was conducted in order to verify an etiological multi-level-model of psychogenic disorders in relation to the socialempiric variables "critical life events" and "social support" as well as the depth psychological oriented construct "personality". Besides other instruments a self rating scale based on Vallant's hierarchical model of defense, i.e. the german adaptation of the DSQ (Defense Style Questionnaire) of Bond and coworkers, was used for the accurate measurement of relevant personality parameters. Although defense processes predominantly work unconscious, manifestations of defense mechanisms could be measured indirectly by means of the rating scale. Its essential dimensions separated clinical patients from a group of healthy controls. Furthermore an immature organisation of defense was found to be related to psychogenic impairment. Concerning self- and expert-rating a significant correlation between "immature defense" and the defense mechanisms "schizoid phantasy", "projection" and "acting out" was proved.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Psychogenesis of the course of Sudeck's disease--a case report].

Several authors have already pointed out the significance of personality, subjectively stressful life events and relevant conflicts for the course of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Psychodynamic hypotheses are demonstrated by two patients who had psychotherapeutic treatment and were observed over a longer stretch of time. A therapeutic concept which is enriched by this knowledge may obtain the patients' better compliance with orthopaedists, surgeons and physiotherapists and may influence duration of illness and treatment results favorably.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

[Psychosomatic medicine between natural science and psychological science--tertium non datur?].

Psyche and soma are open to scientific-causal analysis for biomedicine as well as for social-empirical studies. Both are furthermore accessible to the ideographic discourse of subjective meanings and intentional acts. The German language marks this difference with the terms of "Körper" (body) and "Leib" (embodied soul--spirited body). The Bieri-trilemma demonstrates the resulting epistemological calamity. Neither the so-called behavioral medicine as variation of an ontologic-methodological materialism nor pure phenomenology of the sick subject lead the way out of such inconsistencies. Attempts of systemtheoretical mediation usually only prove their poor reviewing of traditional discussion. This paper outlines some of the currently interesting positions towards the so-called body-soul-problem in the field of psychosomatic medicine, at the same time warning against hasty expectations. We discuss the intentional-biographic approach, the biomedical approach (including the simultaneity correlation (Schultz-Hencke) as well as the brain-soul-correlationism (Kurthen and Linke). As our result we maintain the complementarity of a double discourse for psychosomatic medicine, namely the complementarity of hermeneutic analysis of meaningful processes and of bio-psycho-social casualties. The complementary discourse levels occasionally find their counterparts on an intersubjective-objective time-space-axis. For this we suggest the concept of socialempiric and biomedical markers. Attempts of mediation, be it from systemic-emergence-theoretical or from hermeneutic perspective of interaction forms and their interaction engrams corresponding to their central nervous substratum, turn out to be mystifications of actual incompatibilities, namely of the inevitably double discourse. For this the theory of absolute processes (W. Sellars) promises mediation, but so far no more.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arousal↗
PubMed1992

[Affective-cognitive coping with attacks and illness behavior in patients with bronchial asthma].

The purpose of this study was to investigate attack-related cognitive coping styles in 80 patients with bronchial asthma and to relate them to outcome parameters of illness behaviour. All patients had participated in a 5-day-lasting asthma treatment and teaching programme (ATTP). Outcome variables to be predicted were: The number of days in hospital due to asthma during the year following the training programme and the patients' adherence to the recommendations of the programme one year later. Independent predictor variables were: pre-training attack frequency, hospitalization due to asthma, medication intensity, pulmonary function, asthma symptom anxiety, trait anxiety and attack-related cognitive coping styles. Multiple regression analyses show the importance of a "minimizing/self-confident" coping style in predicting days in hospital, while a "diverting" style predicts best a poor management of attacks in patients on oral steroids.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

[Psychogenic illness and social mobility between generations].

A representative epidemiological survey on psychogenic disorders confirms the often reported result, that these disorders are more common in lower socioeconomic classes. However, in looking for the socioeconomic origin of the subjects (parental class position), it could be shown that "cases" were equally distributed over social classes. Therefore, it seems to be unlikely that low social class as macrosocial factor in its own right has causative influence on the subjects' later mental health or illness. It seems more likely that microsocial aspects of primary and secondary socialization are of decisive importance. After the "breeding-hypothesis" as an explanation of the inverse relationship between social class and mental illness could be ruled out, the rival hypotheses of social stress and social selection (drift-hypothesis) are discussed. A research design which might test these alternatives is outlined.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1991

[Psychosomatic specificity--newly reflected by psychoanalytic epidemiology].

The issue of whether there are specific constellations of intrapsychic conflicts, personality structures and symptom patterns within the general population is investigated by means of a representative epidemiological field cohort study. Out of a population of 600 adults three groups are compared: probands who are suffering from functional cardiac symptoms, those who are suffering from headaches and a sample of 'healthy' probands. The interview protocols of these probands were examined to identify typical conflict patterns. Finally the raters had to give a 'blind' overall diagnosis. Six criteria differentiating the 3 samples were identified and the 'blind' overall ratings were compared with the actual diagnosis. The results are discussed with regard to a hypothesis from the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Structural analysis of social behavior in training and research. A contribution to the "functional histology" of the psychotherapy process].

To be able to identify qualitative differences in the results of psychotherapeutic activity and to establish a relationship between those results and the particularities of the treatment process involved, the problems of the patient, the relevant events during therapy, and therapeutic results must be interrelatable both terminologically and theoretically (P-T-O congruence; Strupp et al., 1989). If, therefore, the relevant qualities of the relationships involved in interpersonal transactions during the therapeutic process are to be represented adequately and independently of schools, an appropriate instrument is required for both clinical and research use. This instrument is introduced here in the form of the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) after Lorna Smith Benjamin by means of the key question: Who acts how toward whom and how does the latter react to this?

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1989

[Markers of schizophrenic language. A comparative patholinguistic study of dialogues with schizophrenic, manic, depressive and brain-damaged patients].

Transcripts of dialogues with patients showing schizophrenic, manic, depressive or organic syndromes, 15 persons in each group, were analyzed in order to determine their degree of cohesion and coherence. The cohesion of a text is defined by the grammatical and lexical relation between its elements. Coherence, however, means that the sequence of sentences appears reasonable in the context of communicative action. There is a significantly higher incidence of incoherences in dialogues with schizophrenic patients than in dialogues with patients who show manic, depressive or organic syndromes. Schizophrenic language is conceived as a disorder in the implicitly dialogical structure of texts. This can be proven by these patients' inability to find communicative solutions for misunderstandings emerging during the interview.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1989

The epidemiology of psychogenic disorders and consequences for prevention.

After discussing social issues of epidemiologic research on neurotic, character and psychosomatic disorders, we outline the main results of a field cohort study on 600 representative adults of Mannheim, a West German industrial city. According to ICD 300-307 (WHO 8th revision) and to a quantitative case definition clinically based on the severity of the symptoms we find an overall case rate of 26% in which females prevail over men by a ratio of approximately 2:1 and the rate of lower social class members over that of higher ones. We then turned to conclusions of our research for matters of primary and secondary prevention. Concerning primary prevention of psychogenic diseases life circumstances during childhood proved to be relevant as predisposing variables and risk factors often indicating poor emotional relationships between the child and its caretakers. Furthermore, we deal with protective factors preserving mental and physical health in spite of heavy burdens during childhood. Turning to secondary prevention we examine risk factors in present life, the importance of the lay system, and the influence of life events as well as the true demand for psychotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Specificity concepts reflected by psychoanalytic epidemiology.

The issue of whether there are specific constellations of intrapsychic conflicts, personality structures and symptom patterns within the general population is investigated by means of a representative epidemiological field cohort study. Out of a population of 600 adults three groups are compared: probands who are suffering from functional cardiac symptoms, those who are suffering from headaches and a sample of 'healthy' probands. The interview protocols of these probands were examined to identify typical conflict patterns. Finally the raters had to give a 'blind' overall diagnosis. Six criteria differentiating the 3 samples were identified and the 'blind' overall ratings were compared with the actual diagnosis. The results are discussed with regard to a hypothesis from the literature.

Adult↗