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Biomedical subjects

W Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to W Taylor.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Primary dysmenorrhea: current concepts.

Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that is not associated with pelvis pathology. It usually begins with the onset of ovulatory cycles, characteristically appearing in the year after menarche and increasing with time. The pain is associated with increased myometrial activity. Oral contraceptives and prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors are effective in alleviating symptoms. Causes of secondary dysmenorrhea, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis and uterine myomas, must be excluded before treatment is given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Collaborative investigation of the AutoMicrobic System Enterobacteriaceae biochemical card.

The Enterobacteriaceae biochemical card used in six separate laboratories to identify 170 representatives of Enterobacteriaceae. The AutoMicrobic System (Vitek Systems, Inc.) performed with an accuracy of 97.8% as compared with 98.1% by the standard method selected and 97.6% by a commerically prepared manual system approach. During this time, 5,450 clinical isolates belonging to Enterobacteriaceae were analyzed. Compared with the routine methods used in the various laboratories, the AutoMicrobic System identified 96.4% correctly

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1980

Menstrual respiratory changes and symptoms.

The duration of standardised overbreathing required to produce slow wave activity in the EEG during different phases of the menstrual cycle has been studied, and changes in carbon dioxide sensitivity of the respiratory system. Normal subjects developed slow waves more quickly and had more sensitive CO2 responses during the premenstrual/menstrual phases. This may be a factor contributing to premenstrual tension.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effects of a combined oestrogen-progestin preparation on gastric acid and pepsin secretion, serum gastrin concentration and biliary secretion of bile acids, phospholipids, and cholesterol in the cat.

1 Daily ethinyloestradiol (50 mug) and norethisterone acetate (1 mg) treatment (Minovlar) was investigated on gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and fasting serum gastrin concentration in six conscious female cats prepared with chronic gastric fistulae. The effect on biliary secretion of bile acids, phospholipids, and cholesterol was investigated in three conscious female cats prepared with chronic gastric and intestinal fistulae, and cholecystectomy.2 Treatment for 49 days did not alter the gastric acid or pepsin response to either intravenous pentagastrin infusions or a food stimulus. The fasting serum gastrin concentration remained unaltered throughout the study.3 Treatment for 18 days did not alter the percentage concentration of cholesterol in the bile, but reduced the percentage concentration of phospholipid. This was mirrored by a rise in the percentage concentration of bile acids in the bile. These trends were quickly reversed on cessation of treatment.4 There was no sign of cholestasis associated with the treatment. Intestinal flow remained constant throughout the study, there was no lithocholic acid or other abnormal bile acids detectable in any samples, and there was no change in serum aspartate aminotransferase concentration.5 The results suggest that in female cats, treatment with a combined oestrogen-progestin preparation does not exert any beneficial effects on the aetiology of peptic ulceration through the reduction of acid or pepsin secretion, or the lowering of serum gastrin concentration. The preparation shows a tendency to produce more lithogenic bile, and this may partly explain the greater incidence of gall stones in women on the contraceptive pill.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Colorimetric method for determination of urinary methylmalonic acid.

The colorimetric method for the determination of methylmalonic acid by coupling with diazotised p-nitroaniline has been re-examined. Extraction of the diazotised product into amyl alcohol and tetra-methyl ammonium hydroxide considerably increases its stability and sensitivity and reduces background absorbance. Preliminary solvent extraction and ion-exchange chromatography are desirable but can be accomplished simply and quickly using very small quantities of urine. In this form, the method is very reliable and gives recoveries of about 95% and a coefficient of variation of about 7%.

Colorimetry↗
PubMed1979

Instrumentation for measurement of sensory loss in the fingertips.

Four aesthesiometers measuring fingertip sensation were fabricated, two for depth-sense perception and two for two-point discrimination. With the use of 20 normal subjects (10 female and 10 male) and seven subjects with vasospastic disturbance (three female and four male) comparisons were made to determine which of each pair of instruments was the more sensitive. The results indicated that instrument A is preferable to B in measuring depth-sense perception, and C is preferable to D in measuring two-point discrimination. Females appear to have more acute sensory perception than males. Female and male patients diagnosed as having "Raynaud's disease" show a loss in fingertip sensory perception.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Organochlorine pesticide residues in animals of Tasmania, Australia-1975-77.

Animals taken in Tasmania including duck (Anas superciliosa), eel (Anguilla australis), English perch (Perca fluviatilis), white-faced heron (Ardea pacifica), brown trout (Salmo trutta), European starling (Strunus vulgaris), cat (Felis cattus), cormorant (Phalacrocorax sp.), mutton bird (Puffinus tenuirostris), Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii), Tasmanian raven (Corvus mellori), tench (Tinca tinca), and quail (Coturnix sp.) were sampled for p,p'-DDE, pp,p'-TDE, p,p'-DDT, lindane, dieldrin, and hexachlorobenzene. Pesticide residue levels exceeded 0.1 ppm in at least one animal from each area and in the majority of animals sampled from all areas. Pesticide sources could not be determined, partly because migratory species such as ducks, mutton birds, cormorants, and eels may have ingested pesticides outside of Tasmania.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of glomus jugulare tumors.

The records of 14 patients who received irradiation for incompletely excised, inoperable or recurrent glomus jugulare tumors were retrospectively reviewed. Ages ranged from 12 to 66 years, and the male to female ratio was 1:3. With a follow-up time of 1.3 to 17.2 years (mean of 7.7 years), 11/14 remain clinically disease-free. Doses of at least 4000 rad are shown to be effective in controlling glomus jugular tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Prevalence of vibration-induced white finger in fluorspar mines in Weardale.

A combined epidemiological and clinical study of vibration-induced white finger (VWF) was carried out involving 115 men in four fluorspar mines. The overall prevalence of VWF was found to be 50% among 42 vibration-exposed subjects, while that of constitutional white finger (CWF) was 5-6% in all men studied. The VWF latent interval was 1-19 years with a mean of 5-6 years. An association was observed between the exposure time and VWF stages which included 18 men in Stage 0, three in the intermediate Stage of 0T/0N, five in Stage 2 and 16 in Stage 3; no men were seen at Stage 1. Among those with VWF in Stage 3, the index, middle and ring fingers were affected in both hands and the little fingers and thumbs were last to be involved. Clinically, on general examination, apart from vibration-induced white finger, the men in the 'vibration' group were not as healthy as those in the 'control' group. The circumference of the index fingers was not significantly different for the different groups. Neurological tests showed that the ridge test and, to a lesser extent, the two-point discrimination and the light touch tests, could be regarded as useful for the diagnosis of VWF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Occurrence of sulfated 5alpha-cholanoates in rat bile.

Bile acids in bile from male and female rats with cannulated bile ducts have been analyzed by repetitive scanning gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after initial fractionation of conjugate classes on diethylaminohydroxypropyl Sephadex LH-20. Sex differences were observed in the amounts and types of bile acids in the sulfate fraction. The proportion of total bile acids excreted as sulfates was higher in female (0.9-1.3%) than in male (0.1-0.2%) rats. Most of the sulfated bile acids had a 5alpha configuration, allochenodeoxycholic acid being the major compound in bile from female rats. This bile acid was also present in the nonsulfate fraction but could not be found in bile from male rats. The results indicate that gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry has to be used to provide sufficient specificity in the bile acid analyses. Thus, compounds from the sulfate fraction having the retention times of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid derivatives were found to be due to derivatives of the 3beta,5alpha-isomers of these bile acids.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Hepatic drug acetylation and oxidation: effects of aging in man.

The half lives of acetanilide and isoniazid ("model" substrates for oxidation and acetylation respectively) were measured in populations of young (aged 20-35 years) and elderly (aged over 65 years) people. Whereas acetanilide half lives were significantly longer in the elderly, isoniazid half lives were distributed similarly in both populations. The results suggest that liver function does not decline uniformly with age and that heterozygotes for acetylation do not possess survival advantages during their middle years of life.

Acetanilides↗