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W T Ulmer

Publications and source records attributed to W T Ulmer.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of right cardiac pressure overload in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease.

Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to estimate right cardiac pressure overload in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease. Area measurements of the four heart chambers were carried out from the apical four-chamber view. Additionally, the respiratory behaviour of the inferior vena cava was examined from the subcostal view. A good apical imaging of the four-chamber view for area measurement was obtained in 44 out of 48 patients with chronic obstructive airway disease. The respiratory behaviour of the inferior vena cava was investigated from the subcostal view in 38 patients. Within 8 days after echocardiography, right cardiac catheterization was carried out in order to measure pulmonary artery and right atrial mean pressures and to determine pulmonary vascular resistance. A good correlation was found between pulmonary artery mean pressure and the following echocardiographic parameters: area index (area/body surface) of the two right heart cavities (r = 0.83), right-to-left ventricular area ratio (r = 0.82) and right-to-left cardiac area ratio (ratio between the added areas of both right heart cavities on the one side and the added areas of both left heart cavities on the other; r = 0.82). Correlation between these parameters and pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.71, 0.66 and 0.71, respectively) and between the right atrial mean pressure and the right atrial area index was less close (r = 0.64). On the other hand, the respiratory behaviour of the inferior vena cava proved to be highly specific but not very sensitive in predicting a pathological right atrial pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Atrial Function, Right↗
PubMed1993

Immediate allergic and nonallergic reactivity of the airways in Ascaris skin-sensitive sheep.

Immediate airway reactivity to Ascaris suum allergen was compared with the responses to nonallergic airway challenge using histamine and acetylcholine in sheep with positive skin reactions to the allergen. In a control group of 6 sheep with negative skin test responses, allergen aerosol inhalation and allergen extract infusion only caused minor changes in mechanics of breathing as well as in arterial plasma histamine concentration. Nearly 40% of the animals with a positive skin test responded to allergen inhalation with an acute airway obstruction, whereas all animals bronchoconstricted after allergen infusion. Bronchoconstriction was associated with an increase in arterial plasma histamine concentrations. The difference between the two groups of skin test-positive sheep seems to be due to the amount of histamine liberation after allergen exposure. Allergen infusion caused a more severe increase of airway resistance and plasma histamine levels in animals responding to allergen inhalation than in animals responding to allergen infusion only. Similar responses were obtained in both groups after inhalation and infusion of histamine and acetylcholine. Since the slope of the responses (dEdyn/dHi.Pl.) was similar in both groups of animals we conclude that the sensitivity of receptors is similar in responders to allergen inhalation and in animals responding to allergen infusion only.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1993

[Whole body plethysmography for determining intrathoracic gas volume].

For early diagnosis of lung diseases the plethysmographic measurement of IGV is important. The influences of gases in the abdomen as the influences of pressure swings between mouth and alveolar space were several times investigated and did not show clinical relevance. The position of the mouthpiece in relation to the measured person should be taken carefully into consideration. We compared for the measurement of the occlusion-angel, which allows the calculation of the IGV, the panting- with the breathing going-on method. On 42 persons there were no significant differences between the results (o different laboratories: painting--breathing going-on = 2.8 resp. -0.6%). We prepare the breathing going-on method because it seems better that the person does not change his breathing level what could happen during the otherwise necessary instruction of the person.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Lung function and normal values].

Interindividual derived predicted values of lung function are not suitable for detection of early changes of lung function. Intraindividual values show variability, which should be considered. Many of the very common obstructive lung diseases start with small variations of the individual values of lung function, long time before clinical manifestation takes place. Followup of the most useful measurements (FEV1, MEF 50%, Rt und IGV%) show reliable early changes, important for preventive therapeutic intervention. Strong variability of the individual values argue for hyperreagibility of the airways, even as a risk factor for manifestation of obstructive airway diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Obstructive respiratory tract diseases--new standards in therapy].

AIMS: Presentation of modern-day therapeutic procedures in various stages of obstructive airway diseases. MAIN TOPICS: Subacute bronchitis and hypersensitivity of the bronchial system are early symptoms of obstructive diseases of the airways. Highly effective prophylactic treatment includes adrenocortical hormones (ACH) (corticosteroid) inhalation and antibiotics used individually or in combination for a variety of indications, are now available. In cases of manifest airway obstruction (Stage B), bronchodilators are additionally required. Of those presently available, the beta 2 sympathicomimetics head the list. For anticholinergics and theophylline there are additional indications. If the resulting response is unsatisfactory, oral ACH must be employed in addition to ACH inhalation and bronchodilators. Cromoglycate administered for a period of four to six weeks should always be tried. In the stage of severe exacerbation (C), intravenous water-soluble ACH in combination with antibiotics, are necessary. The entire spectrum of bronchodilators should also be utilized. Functional analysis during treatment prevents under- or overtreatment. CONCLUSIONS: In particular in the early stages, the aim of treatment of obstructive airway diseases is prophylactic.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1991

[Chronic obstructive bronchitis. Effect of Gelomyrtol forte in a placebo-controlled double-blind study].

In a double-blind study involving two groups of ten patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, the expectorant Gelomyrtol forte was tested against placebo for its effectiveness and tolerance. The parameters: amount of sputum, Rt and IGV, together with all the usual clinical laboratory parameters, were determined. In addition, the color of the sputum was always noted. On the basis of patient scores, daily entries on the ability to expectorate, attacks of coughing, general coughing, and shortness of breath were made by the patients for the duration of the 14-day treatment period. On conclusion of the study, the patients were asked to assess the effectiveness of the supplementary medication, and the care-providing physician also assessed effectiveness. All score parameters related to coughing improved, in some cases appreciably, relative to the placebo group. The findings in term of sputum volume and color, were also distinctly better in the Gelomyrtol forte group. Correspondingly, both patients and physicians assessed the effectiveness of Gelomyrtol forte to be distinctly better than that of the placebo. Although the groups are relatively too small and heterogeneous, to establish statistically significant differences, the results do strongly suggest a favorable and major effect in patients with relevant cough symptoms. Both subjective and objective tolerance was excellent.

Cough↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of allergenic components of rye and wheat flour (Secale, Triticum vulgaris) by western blot with sera of bakers: their effects on CD23 expression.

The allergenic components of water-soluble rye flour extract were studied by immunoblotting. Sera from 100 bakers were analyzed for their IgG, IgG4 and IgE binding pattern. Two allergens with molecular weights of 35 and 14 kD were detected. Previously, the major allergens of wheat flour extract were identified. The wheat flour components at a MW of 15/17 kD and the rye flour component at a MW of 14 kD were purified and isolated. The modulation of the low affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RII/CD23) on monocytes by separated allergenic components was studied. Depending on the allergen concentration the CD23 expression on isolated cells increased after stimulation with the rye flour component (MW 14 kD). The combined addition of the rye flour component (14 kD) with IL-4 induced a significant CD23 expression as compared to IL-4 alone.

Allergens↗
PubMed1991

[Cough].

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Bronchitis↗