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Biomedical subjects

W T Jones

Publications and source records attributed to W T Jones.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Compatibility of sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim with lasalocid and monensin on performance of male broiler chickens.

We studied the effect of sulfadiomethoxine and ormetoprim (Rofenaid 40) in combination with lasalocid (Avatec) and monensin (Coban) on mortality, weight gain, and feed conversion of 2592 male broilers to 47 days of age. Four shuttle treatments were utilized: 1) monensin feeding for the entire trial; 2) sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim feeding for the first 2 weeks, followed by lasalocid for the remainder of the trial; 3) sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim feeding for the first 2 weeks, followed by monensin; and 4) sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim feeding through week 3, then lasalocid for the remainder of the trial. No significant (P greater than .05) differences were observed in mortality among the four treatments. The combination of sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim plus lasalocid significantly (P less than .01) improved weight gain and final body weight, but the length of time that sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim were fed did not have any effect. Sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim plus monensin treatment resulted in better feed conversion as compared with the other treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Rates of proteolysis in the rumen of the soluble proteins casein, fraction I (18S) leaf protein, bovine serum albumin and bovine submaxillary mucoprotein.

The rate of proteolysis in the rumen was dependent on the soluble protein used. With a sheep on a hay + concentrate diet the rates (approximately Vmax) for casein, Fraction I leaf protein and bovine serum albumin were 16.5, 3.4 and 0.9 mg protein nitrogen/l per min respectively. Change of diet from hay + concentrate to fresh lucerne (Medicago sativa) increased the proteolytic rates for all three proteins. Bovine submaxillary mucoprotein degraded extremely slowly in the rumen at approximately 0.5-0.6 mg N/l per min and its sialic acid component was degraded at a similar rate to that of the protein chain. Uniformly 14C-labelled Fraction I leaf protein was used to demonstrate that in the presence of a second protein, competition for enzymic sites occurred. In Fraction I and bovine serum albumin mixtures, reduced rates for the individual proteins of the mixture were observed compared with the proteins treated separately. Treatment of bovine serum albumin with dithiothreitol (0.2 g/l) to cleave disulphide bridges increased the rates of proteolysis by as much as 8.5-fold.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Lethal synergism induced in mice by influenza type A virus and type Ia group B streptococci.

Intranasal inoculation of CD-1 or BALB/c mice with low doses of influenza A/PR8/34 (HON1) virus followed 48 h later by intranasal inoculation of low doses of type Ia group B streptococci effected a lethal synergism. At a constant input dose of virus, a direct relationship between input dose of bacteria and percent mortality was observed; the converse was also true. An inverse relationship between input dose of group B streptococci, but not input dose of virus, and mean time to death was observed in CD-1 but not in BALB/c mice. The kinetics of influenza A/PR8/34 virus and group B streptococcal replication in singly and dually infected BALB/c mice was determined by assaying samples from the lungs, liver, spleen, and blood for viable group B streptococci and infectious influenza A/PR8/34 virus. No significant difference in virus replication in the lung was observed between singly and dually infected mice. Extrapulmonary dissemination of virus was not observed. Concurrent virus infection effected a 10,000- to 100,000-fold increase in the levels of type Ia group B streptococci in the lung. Potentiation of group B streptococcal infection of the lung was not associated with bacteremia or infection of the liver or spleen, a finding contrary to previous observations of fulminant septicemia after intranasal inoculation of mice with input doses of group B streptococci less than one-tenth of the pulmonary levels observed in the present study.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Partial characterization of bovine salivary proteins by electrophoretic methods.

Electrophoresis in 71/2% polyacrylamide gel separates bovine salivary proteins into 12 bands, and is used as the first step, followed by isoelectrofocusing or electrophoresis in polyacrylamide (15%) gels containing sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) or immunoelectrophoresis in two-dimensional separations. Molecular weights of native proteins are determined by electrophoresis on gels of polyacrylamide concentration 10 to 20%. Using these methods, information on native and subunit molecular weights, isoelectric pH values and immunological relationships for bovine salivary proteins has been determined. Enzymic functions for six of the proteins were established by histological methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Influenza type A virus-mediated adherence of type 1a group B streptococci to mouse tracheal tissue in vivo.

Influenza type A virus-mediated adherence of pathogenic bacteria to the mucosal surface of the respiratory tract may be one of several mechanisms whereby influenza predisposes to bacterial pneumonia. In the present study, we quantified the adherence of intranasally administered type 1a group B streptococci to the tracheal tissue of influenza type A/PR8/34 (HONI) virus-infected and mock-infected mice. Influenza type A/PR8/34 virus infection effected a 120-fold increase in the adherence of type 1a group B streptococci to tracheal tissue relative to that observed in mock-infected mice. Adherence of type 1a group B streptococci to the trachea of influenza type A/PR8/34 virus-infected mice was reduced by more than 90% by prior intranasal instillation of chicken antiserum to influenza type A/PR8/34 virus, whereas virtually no reduction in adherence was noted with normal chicken serum or rabbit antiserum to herpes simplex virus type 2. These findings suggest that adherence of type 1a group B streptococci to the tracheal tissue of influenza type A/PR8/34 virus-infected mice is effected by a viral component(s).

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1981

Sex ratio evolution in a variable environment.

We develop a natural selection model for sex ratio control in a spatially variable environment. Predictions of sex ratio alteration as a function of environmental change are tested in laboratory experiments with two parasitic wasps. Field data from a variety of other organisms also support the model. Finally, we discuss possibilities and difficulties for testing this type of evolutionary model.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty using polycentric and geometric hemicomponents.

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty was performed in 207 knees of 179 patients using either a polycentric (188) or a geometric (nineteen) hemicomponent. After an average follow-up of 2.6 years, the results in 184 (89 per cent) of the knees were satisfactory. Pain and the need for ambulatory aids were reduced, and the distance the patients could walk was increased. Twenty-three (11 per cent) of the 207 procedures were rated as failures. The major cause of failure was loosening of the components (tibial in twelve and femoral in one); there also were unexplained pain in five knees, problems with the opposite unreplaced compartment in three, technical error in one, and pain in the patellofemoral joint in one. Nine of 155 intraoperative specimens for bacterial culture obtained during unicompartmental arthroplasty were positive, and two specimens that were positive on culture were obtained during revision of twenty failed unicompartmental arthroplasties. No gross or histological evidence of infection was demonstrated at operation. Based on this study, we concluded that this procedure can provide satisfactory relief of pain, adequate knee motion, and increased levels of independence and activity for patients with unicompartmental disease who are not suitable candidates for proximal tibial osteotomy or total knee replacement.

Adult↗