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Biomedical subjects

W Stille

Publications and source records attributed to W Stille.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Effects of ampicillin and cefazolin combined with mecillinam (author's transl)].

Combination effects of mecillinam + ampicillin and mecillinam + cefazolin were investigated by the cross diffusion test and by the kinetics of bactericidal action. Synergism was found by cross diffusion in about 50% of strains of E. coli, Klebsiella and Proteus. Sensitivity against ampicillin was correlated with synergism. In mecillinam-resistant strains, synergism is usually absent. The combination of ampicillin or cefazolin with mecillinam leads to bactericidal acceleration; the effects are comparable to those of the combination with gentamycin. Mecillinam seems to be a clinically promising agent for combination chemotherapy. A simple test for synergism is desirable.

Amdinocillin↗
PubMed1978

[Bactericidal kinetics of cefazolin, cefoxitin and amikacin alone and in combination (author's transl)].

The in vitro activity of cefazolin, cefoxitin und amikacin alone and in combination was determined via membrane filtration against E. coli (n = 2), K. pneumoniae (n = 2) and of cefoxitin and amikacin against Proteus vulgaris (n = 1). Therapeutically achievable concentrations of cefazolin (10 micrograms/ml), cefoxitin (10 micrograms/ml) and amikacin (10 micrograms/ml) lead to a rapid bactericidal effect against all of our strains. The combination of cefazolin (10 micrograms/ml) and amikactin (5 micrograms/ml) and cefoxitin (10 micrograms/ml and amikacin (5 micrograms/ml) was synergistic against only one of the 2 K. pneumoniae strains. Cefoxitin and amikacin were antagonistic against the P. vulgaris strain but synergistic against both E. coli strains.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1978

[Activity of antibiotics in body fluids (author's transl)].

MIC and kinetic of bactericidal activity was determined for various antibiotics in body fluids (plasmawater, bile, amniotic fluid and urine). Beta-lactam antibiotics demonstrated slight loss of activity against enterobacteriaceae. The newer cephalosporine compounds, cefoxitin, cefuroxime and HR 756 showed an increase in activity in plasmawater. Carbenicillin was more active in plasmawater, bile and amniotic fluid than in broth. There was a difference in gentamycin activity against enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa: enhanced activity against E. coli in body fluids and diminished against pseudomonas. Tetracycline was less active in body fluids, specially in alkaline bile. The combination ampicillin/gentamycin against E. coli was more effective in plasmawater than in DST agar. Cefazolin/gentamycin demonstrated no synergism. Although carbenicillin/tobramycin were not synergistic against pseudomonas aeruginosa in plasmawater. The marked differences in different body fluids should be taken into consideration when new antibiotics are introduced.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1978

[The different biochemical course of HBsAg-negative and HBsAg-positive hepatitis (author's transl)].

In 73 patients with HBsAg negative hepatitis and in 94 patients with HBsAg positive hepatitis (hepatitis B) laboratory findings were compared: GOT, GPT, AP, gamma-GT, bilirubin, sedimentation rate and gamma-globulins. In the beginning of the disease there was little difference. But comparing the maximal values patients with hepatitis B showed significantly higher GOT, GPT, de-Ritis, and bilirubin levels than patients with HBsAg-negative hepatitis. There was a correlation between de Ritis quotient and bilirubin. The difference of HBsAg negative and HBsAg positive hepatitis might be due to different reactions of cellular mediated immunity.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Treatment of pseudomonas infection with the new ureidopenicillin, azlocillin (author's transl)].

Azlocillin, in vitro four to eight times more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than carbenicillin, was administered to 30 patients severely ill and having an additional pseudomonas infection. The drug was given at a dose of 4-6 g, in one case 8 g, per day, sometimes together with an aminoglycoside. Treatment was effective in 20, improvement occurred in five and failure only in four. In one instance the effect of the drug could not be evaluated. Results were particularly striking in septicaemia and necrotising external otitis. Pulmonary and wound infections in patients with circulatory disturbances did not respond so well. There were no serious side effects. The drug should not as yet be used at too high a dosage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Poisoning after ingestion of mussels (mytilus edulis) (author's transl)].

Symptoms of poisoning occurred in 19 persons in the Rhein-Main region in October 1976, after they had eaten mussels (Mytilus edulis) imported from Vigo, Spain. Mild oral paraesthesias, tingling in the fingertips and feet were followed by generalised numbness and dizziness. All symptoms disappeared within 48 hours. They had been caused by saxitoxin which is produced by a dinoflagellate and accumulated in the mussels, as confirmed by testing confiscated samples of mussels. Toxin concentration ranged from 6000 to 20 000 MU (mice units) per 100 g mussel meat.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Bactericidal activity of amikacin and gentamicin.

Using the membrane filtration method bactericidal activity of amikacin and gentamicin as a function of time and concentrations was determined. Amikacin was bactericidal against all Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 7) and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (n = 8) tested. In 5 of the 7 P. aeruginosa and 3 of the 8 K. pneumoniae strains we saw a secondary regrowth at 24h. There was no difference between amikacin and gentamicin. The experiments to determine the effect of concentration on bactericidal activity showed that higher concentrations lead to a faster kill rate.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1977

Treatment of fungal infections with miconazole.

The present study reports on 15 patients with confirmed or suspected secondary fungal infection, who were treated with intravenous miconazole and a daily dose of 0.4 to 28 g (mean 9.8 g). The mycological findings confirmed infection with Aspergillus fumigatus in 6 patients and severe infection with Candida albicans in 4. Clinically mycological cures were achieved in 4 patients and some improvement was found in 3 others. The excellent patient tolerance of the drug makes it seem a likely treatment not only for patients with mycologically confirmed infection but also for those whose condition exposes them to a high risk of fungal infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Therapy of meningitis (author's transl)].

For the specific and unspecific treatment of purulent meningitis, penicillin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol are usually sufficient. Only resistant pathogens (Klebsiella, Pseudomonas among others) and meningitis in infants require other treatment. Cephalosporins and aminoglycosides only come into consideration for the treatment of very rare exceptional cases. The still relatively poor prognosis of purulent meningitis is largely independent of the efficacy of the treatment. Delay in beginning therapy, lack of intensive care, primary diseases and complications are principally responsible for this. Medicamentous prophylaxis is only possible for meningococcal meningitis. The distribution of antibiotics in the CSF is irregular. Also the antibacterial activity in the CSF is different from culture media.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[In vitro activity of cefoxitin, a new cephalosporin (author's transl)].

The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Cefoxitin (CEX), Cefazolin (CEZ) and Cephalothin (CEF) against E. coli (n = 380), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n =108) and Staph. aureus (n = 47) were determined by the agar diffusion method. For Proteus mirabilis (n = 69) and indole-positive Proteus species (n = 23), the tube dilution test was used. CEF was the most active against Staph. aureus while CEZ showed greater activity against E. coli. CEX was the most active against Kl. pneumoniae and Proteus species. In particular, CEX was also active against pathogens resistant to CEF or CEZ. The good bactericidal effect of CEX was demonstrated by membrane filtration methods.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1976

[Change of form of septicaemic diseases (author's transl)].

As to pathogens causing septicaemic diseases, the era of antibiotics has brought about a shift from gram-positive cocci to gram-negative rod-shaped bacilli. 628 septicaemic infections verified by haemocultures were evaluated from January 1, 1960 until March 31, 1975. Septicaemic complications in haemodialyses originated either from infections of the shunt or of the dialytic system, or septicaemia occurred as a result of infusion. In 110 patients presenting myeloid insufficiency, the pathogen ranking first was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by E. coli and Klebsiellae. The entire spectrum of facultatively pathogenic bacteria is capable of causing septicaemic complications in myeloid insufficiency. Postoperative endocarditis may be particularly serious and problematical.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Bactericidal dosie-activity relationships with E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Staph. aureus (author's transl)].

In investigations into the dosis-activity relationships of bactericidal antibiotics used against E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Staph. aureus four types of activity could be demonstrated. The penicillin type shows almost no improvement in bactericidal activity despite increasing the dosage above a certain level. An increase in concentration of aminoglycoside antibiotics led to a more rapid killing of the bacteria. In cefalotin there was a linear dosis-activity relationship: rising concentrations of antibiotics led to an ever increasing bactericidal effect. The paradoxical bactericidal effect ("Eagle effect'') described for penicillin G with enterococci could not be demonstrated.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1976

[Antibacterial activity of antibiotics in human bile (author's transl)].

Marked differences exist between antibacterial activity in human bile and broth. Whereas penicillins and cephalosporines exhibit virtually the same activity in broth and bile, tetracycline shows a great lose, and the activity of the aminoglykosides is increased in bile. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of chlorampenicol and co-trimoxazole are also different in broth and human bile. The differences in activity are related to the pH although not all deviations can be attributed to the effect of the pH. These results should be considered when treating gallbladder infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Clinical study of septicaemia (author's transl)].

The internationally accepted term septicaemia is used to describe illnesses in which pathogenic microorganisms are present in the blood. Septicaemia should be defined according to the causative organism, the portal of entry and the underlying disease. In the last 16 years the causative organisms in 788 cases of septicaemia in our hospital were found to be gram-positive cocci in 28.1% gram-negative rods in 37.6%, and other organisms in 24.i%. Infections with Psuedomonas in particular have become more frequent in recent years. The range of causative organisms in septicaemia varies considerably with the patient groups involved. Thus patients with myeloid insufficiency contracted primarily gram-negative septicaemia. As in the past, the pathogens in endocarditis today are primarily streptococci. In hemodialysis staphylococci and gram-negative rods are shown to occur with equal frequency. The most important clinical manifestation of septicaemia is fever with rigor. The poor prognosis in gram-negative septicaemia is mainly due to the onset of septic shock. Skin colonisation is often a typical sign of septicaemia and can also sometimes serve as a diagnostic indication. Hemorrhagic pustules surrounded by a zone of inflammation are typical in septicaemia caused by meningococci or gonococci. Skin eruptions are rare in septicaemia caused by streptococci of staphylococci. Whereas skin eruptions are absent in septicaemia due to enterobacteria, they are very often present in septicaemia caused by Pseudomonas. In bacterial endocarditis a wide variety of skin lesions can occur.

Endocarditis, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

[Study on the antibacterial activity of penicillins and cephalosporines in urine (author's transl)].

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for penicillin (PEN), ampicillin (AMP), cephalothin (CEF), cefazolin (CEZ), carbenicillin (CAR) and ticarcillin (TIC) were determined against Strep. faecalis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Prot. mirabilis and Ps. aeruginosa in Sensitivity Test Broth (STB) and human urine. Marked differences were seen in MIC between these two media, especially against P. mirabilis strains tested. Against E. coli the MIC of AMP, CEF and CEZ were similar or slightly lower in urine than in STB. MIC for CAR against E. coli were higher in urine. Against K. pneumoniae the MIC for CEF and CEZ were 2-4fold higher in urine than in STB. The activity of CAR and TIC against Ps. aeruginosa was lower in urine. Albeit high concentrations of antibiotics (up to 800fold) no inhibition was achieved in urine against P. mirabilis by AMP, CEF or CEZ. Only against Strep. faecalis all tested antibiotics had lower MIC in urine than in STB.

Ampicillin↗