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Biomedical subjects

W Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to W Schmidt.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Twin pregnancy in the right horn of a uterus didelphys: a case report.

A rare case of a twin pregnancy occurring in the right horn of a uterus didelphys (double uterus, double cervix and septate vagina) is reported. The occasional diagnosis of this uterine anomaly was made after the pregnancy was detected. Both embryos, with cardiac actions which proved the viability of the gestation from the very early stage of pregnancy, were detected by transvaginal ultrasonography. Two male infants were delivered by Cesarean section in the 34th week. The importance of the transvaginal sonography and the handling of the case during this high-risk pregnancy are reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Side effects and complications in breast-saving therapy of breast cancer].

From 1975 to June 1987, a total of 664 women underwent breast-conserving therapy for invasive carcinoma at the University Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, FRG (562 patients: surgical procedure/radiotherapy, 102 patients: only radiotherapy). A subgroup of 203 nonselected patients was prospectively followed up for complications and side effects. The population examined was representative of the entire series with reference to age distribution, tumor stage and localisation. The mean follow-up period was 28.9 months after primary therapy. Complications of breast-conserving therapy (surgery, post-operative radiotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive patients) were assessed by one investigator including evaluation of a standardized patients' questionnaire. The most frequent and serious single complication was lymphedema (LE) of the arm. The incidence of severe LE (greater than or equal to 3 cm difference in circumference) was 6.4%. A total of 25.1% of all patients reported some degree of swelling of the arm. The overall LE-rate was 23.1% according to the newly introduced LE-score combining the degree of difference in circumference, individual handicap and need for physiotherapy. The LE-rate was significantly increased in patients with adjuvant chemotherapy (40.1%, p less than 0.01). General impairment of arm function was reported frequently (65.6%). Shoulder mobility was severely restricted (abduction of arm less than or equal to 90 degrees) in 3.6%. Further complaints were related to impairment of fine motor function (4.5%), shielding of the arm (15.4%), reduction in absolute force (22.1%) and/or rapid tiring of the arm (37.4%). Radiotherapy related toxicity accounted for cutaneous edema (50.3%) and fibrosis of the breast (slight: 33.8%, pronounced: 9.7%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Perineal sonography and roentgenologic procedures within the scope of diagnosis of female urinary incontinence].

Parallel to the traditional lateral cystogram with chain, perineal sonography as was employed as avisual procedure on 50 patients, who presented themselves at our clinic for urodynamic screening for clinical incontinence. The sonographic procedure, performed without introduction of a catheter into the urethra, the urinary bladder, urethra and symphysis as well as vagina and rectum can be visually represented in sagittal section through the minor pelvis. A comparison with traditional x-ray findings, showed a good correlation at 96%. In relation to predictive value, perineal sonography may thus be considered a "true" alternative to radiology. With increasing experience (approx 2-3 months), the sagittal view being unfamiliar at the beginning, perineal sonography proves a simple and quick screening method, which is easy to reproduce.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Inhibition of pertussis toxin binding to model receptors by antipeptide antibodies directed at an antigenic domain of the S2 subunit.

Receptor recognition of pertussis toxin is mediated by the B-oligomer consisting of subunits S2, S3, S4 (two), and S5. To understand the structure-function relationships of the receptor-binding oligomer and to elucidate the immunological structure of pertussis toxin, we assayed antisera generated against each of 10 synthetic peptides corresponding to segments of the pertussis toxin S2 subunit for their ability to recognize the native toxin. Only antisera raised against peptides R1-7, R35-50, and R91-106 recognized pertussis toxin in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting (immunoblotting). These segments thus correspond to linear antigenic epitopes. The highly homologous S3 subunit was only weakly recognized by antibodies to R91-106 in Western blotting. The ability of affinity-purified antipeptide antibodies to interfere with the binding of pertussis toxin was investigated by pertussis toxin-mediated hemagglutination of goose erythrocytes, the binding of pertussis toxin to fetuin, and the toxin-induced clustered growth pattern of CHO cells as model receptor systems. Antibodies directed against synthetic peptides R1-7, R35-50, and R91-106 inhibited the binding of pertussis toxin in the two model receptor systems that solely depend on the interactions of the S2 subunit. The toxin-mediated clustered growth pattern of CHO cells could not be inhibited. The results point to a second binding site with distinct specificity involving the S3 subunit of pertussis toxin. The regions identified in this work contribute to the definition of receptor-binding sites of pertussis toxin and should thus improve the development of an acellular-component pertussis vaccine.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Mapping of linear B-cell epitopes of the S2 subunit of pertussis toxin.

The linear immunogenic and antigenic structure of the S2 subunit of pertussis toxin was investigated with synthetic peptides corresponding to regions of the protein sequence predicted to contain surface-exposed hydrophilic beta turns. Five peptides as peptide-bovine serum albumin conjugates were recognized by anti-pertussis toxin antiserum and were thus designated "immunogenic epitopes." Two prominent immunogenic epitopes were specified by peptides corresponding to sequences spanning R107-120 and R186-199, whereas peptides corresponding to residues R35-50 and R91-106 were only bound in low titer. Three peptides as thyroglobulin conjugates elicited antisera in rabbits that bound intact pertussis toxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot. These peptides were designated "antigenic epitopes." The most prominent antigenic determinant was localized to the N-terminal end of the S2 sequence encompassing residue R1-7. Peptides R35-50 and R91-106 represented two minor antigenic epitopes. Antisera to two additional peptides corresponding to residues R134-149 and R186-199 recognized the S2 subunit only by Western blotting (immunoblotting). Only antiserum raised against peptide R91-106 also recognized the S3 subunit by Western blotting, indicating a marked antigenic and probably also structural difference between the two highly homologous subunits.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Neuropeptide-Y. A peptide found in human coronary arteries constricts primarily small coronary arteries to produce myocardial ischemia in dogs.

Neuropeptide-Y (NPY), a brain peptide, is located in the walls of human coronary arteries. This study assessed the effects of NPY on the coronary circulation in 40 chloralose-anesthetized, open-chest dogs. Intracoronary NPY (42 nmol over 5.2 min) caused a 39% reduction in coronary blood flow without changing heart rate or aortic pressure. To determine whether this vasoconstriction could produce ischemia, intramyocardial pH was measured in seven dogs (group I) and decreased from 7.45 +/- 0.06 to 7.37 +/- 0.06 pH units after NPY in the subendocardium (P less than 0.0002), and from 7.45 +/- 0.06 to 7.40 +/- 0.05 pH units (P less than 0.04) in the subepicardium of the infused zone. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), measured by radionuclide angiography, decreased from 0.52 +/- 0.08 to 0.42 +/- 0.12 U (n = 5, P less than 0.01) during NPY. NPY-induced vasoconstriction was also associated with ST-T wave changes on the electrocardiogram (ECG) in eight of nine other animals (group V). In another group of six dogs (group IV), the change in small vessel resistance accounted for 94% of the increase in total resistance, so that the primary vasoconstrictor effect of NPY was exerted on small coronary arteries. Thus, NPY, a peptide found in human coronary arteries, caused constriction of primarily small coronary arteries that was severe enough to produce myocardial ischemia as determined by ECG ST-T wave changes, and decreases in intramyocardial pH and LVEF in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Experimental and histologic studies on fetal membrane tensility and membrane rupture].

The collagen microfibrils of the amniotic connective tissue are irregularly textured. In all a preference for a meridional orientation perpendicular to the placental-rim can be observed. There are randomly dispersed weak spots between dense bundles of collagen fibres. The chorion connective tissue consists also of fibril bundles in a meridional main orientation. Within the bundles or bands there is an unmistakable pattern of latticed arranged fibrils. The framework receives its stability from the bundles that run perpendicular or inclined to the previously mentioned bundles. There are randomly dispersed weak areas between the dense fibril aggregates. In general the amniotic and chorionic connective tissues are both of variable strength. The tensile strength of both membranes is regionally varying due to the irregular texture. At times it varies within the same fetal membrane or from fetal membrane to fetal membrane considerably, where by the variation in membrane thickness also is of influence. It is to be observed that in general the resistance perpendicular to the meridian direction is smaller than along the meridian direction. During the rupture of the membranes the latticed arranged fibres from the bundles of the chorionic connective tissue give way and tear in an arbitrary weak spot. In the amniotic tissue the tearing also begins in a weak spot and continues to tear in a non predictable direction between the irregular pattern of bundles.

Amnion↗
PubMed1989

[2-component technic for the production of positioning supports for highly precise radiotherapy].

In many small institutes exact positioning supports could not yet be manufactured for cost and personal reasons. This problem is solved in a simple manner by the use of the described modern synthetics which allow the application of high-precision techniques such as small-field pendulum therapy and isocentric multifield therapy. This system serves the safety of patients and therapists and is meant to prevent recurrences and late damages especially in children.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The microtexture of amnion and chorion connective tissue].

On microscopical, stereo-scan and TEM observations the microtexture of the connective tissue of amnion and chorion have been analysed. The "compact layer" of the amnion-connective tissue consists of single collagen fibrils, which are arranged felt-like in parallel layers. In the "fibroblast layer" the fibrils are mostly arranged in bundles, forming a network. Single fibrils and bundles of fibrils in both layers are arranged surface parallel. The superficial layer of the chorion's connective tissue is predominated by wave-like bundles of fibrils in parallel and latticed arrangements, which are consolidated by transversely and diagonally running fibres. In the inferior layer the fibres leave their formation, run diagonally in the direction of the trophoblast and interweave with each other to a mat of fibrils at the border to the trophoblast. The tensile strength of the amnion connective tissue is due to the felt-like fibril texture of the "compact-layer" and the special arrangement of surface-parallel collagen fibres and fibrils.

Amnion↗