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Biomedical subjects

W S Moore

Publications and source records attributed to W S Moore.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis. Recovery from prolonged renal failure.

A patient with systemic lupus of erythematosus, diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis, and deteriorating renal function was treated with immunosuppression. During the subsequent eight weeks of hemodialysis and immunosuppression, substantial recovery of renal function occurred, allowing for cessation of dialysis. In the following year, the endogenous creatinine clearance increased to 30 mL/min. A therapeutic trial of prednisone is indicated for patients with abrupt, severe deterioration in renal function in association with clinical, histological, or serological evidence of activity of lupus nephritis in the absence of other causes of renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Experimental considerations in implementing a whole body multiple sensitive point nuclear magnetic resonance imaging system.

The multiple sensitive point technique on n.m.r. imaging is discussed in terms of the mode of n.m.r. excitation and detection, provision of field gradients and the methods of data processing. The design criteria of an instrument to implement this and related imaging methods at whole body size are described and particular attention is paid to techniques employed to increase the versatility and ease of use of the apparatus.

Computers↗
PubMed1980

Combined carotid-vertebral vascular disease: a new surgical approach.

Selected patients with vertebral basilar insufficiency may obtain symptomatic relief after carotid endarterectomy. The usual surgical approach is that of initially performing carotid endarterectomy, if appropriate, followed at a second operation by extrathoracic vertebral reconstruction. This surgical approach is based in part on the need for different surgical incisions to reconstruct the cervical carotid and vertebral arteries. We describe a new surgical approach that utilizes a single cervical incision for combined carotid-vertebral reconstruction.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Prosthetic arterial graft material. Influence on neointimal healing and bacteremic infectibility.

Five commonly used prostheses were compared for susceptibility to bacteremic infection: US Catheter and Instrument Co (USCI) Ultralight weight knitted Dacron, USCI Sauvage filamentous velour Dacron, Meadox Microvel double velour knitted Dacron, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-Impra, and PTFE-Gore-tex. We used 6-mm diameter grafts to replace 4-cm segments of the abdominal aorta in 150 mongrel dogs. Fifteen dogs were used for each graft type and each healing interval: three and six months posttransplantation. At the appropriate time after implantation, an intravenous infusion of 10(8) organisms of Staphylococcus aureus was administered to the ten experimental dogs in each graft type; five dogs of each graft type served as sterile controls. Three weeks later, the grafts were aseptically removed, inspected for the completeness of neointimal healing, and cultured for bacteria. At three months, the Sauvage graft achieved the lowest infection rate (10%) with the highest incidence of complete neointimal lining (71%). In the six-month series, there were no statistical differences between the knitted Dacron prostheses, but all Dacron grafts were superior to the PTFE grafts with regard to susceptibility to bacteremic infection and completeness of intimal lining.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Aggregation-dependent turnover of flagellar adhesion molecules in Chlamydomonas gametes.

Previous studies on flagellar adhesion in chlamydomonas (Snell, W. and S. Roseman. 1979. J. Biol. Chem. 254:10820-10829.) have shown that as gametes adhere to flagella isolated from gametes of the opposite mating type, the adhsiveness of the added flagella but not of the gametes is lost. The studies reported here show that the addition of protein synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide [CH] or anisomycin) to the medium of such cell- flagella mixtures causes the cells to lose their adhesiveness. This loss, however, occurs only after the cells have interacted with 4-8 flagella/cell and does not occur if the cells are kept in CH (7 h) without aggregating. The availability of an impotent (imp) mating type plus (MT(+)) mutant (provided by U.W. Goodenough), which adheres but is unable to undergo the fusion that normally follows adhesion, made it possible to determine whether a similar loss of adhesiveness occurs in mixtures of matting type minus (mt(-)) and imp mt(+) gametes. In the absence of inhibitor, mt(-) and imp mt(+) gametes adhered to each other (without fusing) for several hours; however, in the presence of CH or anisomycin, the gametes began to de-adhere 35 min after mixing, and, by 90 min, 100 percent of the cells were single again. This effect was reversible, and the rapid turnover of cells were single again. This effect was reversible, and the rapid turnover of molecules involved in adhesion occurred only during adhesion inasmuch as gametes pretreated for 4 h with CH were able to aggregate in CH for the same length of time as nonpretreated cells aggregated in CH. By the addition of CH at various times after the mt(-) and imp mt(+) gametes were mixed, measurements were made of the "pool size" of the molecules involved in adhesion. The pool reached a minimum after 25 min of aggregation, rapidly increased for the next 25 min, and then leveled off at the premixing level. These results suggest that flagellar adhesion in chlamydomonas causes modification of surface molecules (receptors, ligands), which brings about their inactivation and stimulates their replacement.

Anisomycin↗
PubMed1980

Diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis: comparison of oculoplethysmography and Doppler supraorbital examination.

Both Doppler supraorbital examination (OSM) and oculoplethysmography (OPG) were administered to 101 patients (202 arteries) to document the presence or absence of hemodynamically significant lesions of the internal carotid artery prior to angiography. There was no significant difference between the OSM and OPG with respect to diagnostic sensitivity or specificity, incidence of false-negative or false-positive results, and overall diagnostic accuracy. The diagnostic accuracy for the OSM and the OPG were 94.2% and 91.6%, respectively. In 171/202 (84.6%) arteries, the OSM and OPG were in diagnostic agreement, and the overall diagnostic accuracy of the combined tests was 97%. However, when the OSM and OPG did not agree (31/202 arteries, 15.4%), the diagnostic accuracy of neither the OSM nor the OPG was acceptable. Although the best diagnostic accuracy was obtained using two means of noninvasive cerebrovascular testing, in those instances where only one test may be available, the OPG would appear to be the test of choice. In those laboratories in which high diagnostic accuracy is obtained with the OSM, the addition of OPG testing will increase the overall diagnostic accuracy to a very high level. The presence of a midcervical bruit was found to have a very poor correlation with the incidence of hemodynamically significant stenoses of the internal carotid artery. Although both the OSM and OPG have minimal value in patients with symptomatic cerebrovascular disease, these tests play a very important role in screening patients for asymptomatic carotid stenosis or atypical cerebrovascular symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography of the brain.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has long promised to provide a risk-free alternative method for both structural and functional tomography of the human body, since the original small scale demonstration of its principles by Lauterbur. The considerable technical problems involved in scaling up a successful 8 cm diameter line-scan NMR imaging apparatus have been overcome, and 128 x 128 element NMR tomograms of electronically definable planes less than 1 cm thick through the living brain can be produced routinely in total time of less than 2.5 min. The method used is briefly described, and it is compared with radionuclide emission tomography, which it most resembles. The contrast mechanism in the images and the hazard are also briefly discussed.

Brain↗
PubMed1980

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tomography of the brain: coronal and sagittal sections.

Directly produced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) coronal and sagittal tomograms of the human brain are shown. These are presented together with axial transverse images of the same two volunteer subjects. The reasons for the ease of producing sections in any orientation by NMR are explained. The images are interpreted in terms of contrast mechanisms and anatomical detail.

Computers↗
PubMed1980

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tomography of the brain: a preliminary clinical assessment with demonstration of pathology.

A preliminary clinical evaluation of the nuclear magnetic resonance scans of patients with a variety of intracranial abnormalities is presented. We compare this noninvasive technique, which uses no ionizing radiation, against information obtained from conventional neuroradiological procedures and X-ray computed tomography of the same patients. The ability to produce coronal and sagittal as well as axial transverse images directly is shown to have important implications for precise lesion assessment.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Immediate and long-term results after prophylactic endarterectomy.

1. A review of the immediate and long-term results of prophylactic carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic lesions of 78 carotid arteries in 72 patients between 1961 and 1976 is presented. 2. The inhospital operative mortality was zero. Two patients experienced postoperative transient neurologic deficit with complete recovery (2.6 per cent). There were no postoperative strokes. 3. Late follow-up data demonstrated that in only one patient did a stroke subsequently develop appropriate to the operative side, and it occurred 4 years after operation. Life table analysis for neurologic events carried out for up to 15 years indicated a 96 per cent stroke-free status of the surviving patients. 4. A 42 month survival rate of 83 per cent in patients treated by prophylactic carotid endarterectomy represented a statistically significant improvement over the 67 per cent survival of a comparable group of patients reported on in the literature. 5. Prophylactic carotid endarterectomy in the experience of vascular surgeons who can offer a low operative morbidity and mortality appears to be reasonable therapy in preventing stroke and prolonging survival until a randomized controlled study comparing surgery with the natural history of untreated patients shows evidence to the contrary.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Therapeutic and economic impact of a modern amputation program.

The experience with 142 below-knee amputations for vascular occlusive disease and/or diabetes mellitus in 133 patients has been reviewed. The program utilized Xenon(133) skin bloodflow measurement for the selection of amputation level, emphasized the use of the long posterior skin flap as an important part of surgical technique, and employed immediate postoperative prosthesis with accelerated rehabilitation for postoperative management. The results of this program yielded a 0% postoperative mortality, 89% amputation healing, and 100% prosthesis rehabilitation of all unilateral below-knee amputees, and 93% rehabilitation of all bilateral below-knee amputees. The average time interval between amputation and fitting of a permanent prosthesis was 32 days. The use of Xenon(133) clearance as a measurement of capillary skin bloodflow for purposes of amputation level selection continues to be valid. All amputations with flows in excess of 2.6 ml/100 g tissue/min healed primarily, including the last 58 consecutive amputations. The total amputation of the 172 hospital V.A. system was surveyed and a cost analysis, based upon duration of postamputation hospitalization, comparing immediate postoperative prosthesis with conventional techniques, was performed. The savings to the system, taking into account start-up and maintenance costs for a program which employs immediate postoperative prosthesis, was projected to be $80,000,000 over five years. We conclude that a modern amputation program employing Xenon(133) clearance for amputation level selection and immediate postoperative prosthesis with accelerated rehabilitation is well justified based upon reduced morbidity, negligable mortality, and optimum patient prosthetic rehabilitation at a marked reduction in overall cost.

Adult↗