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Biomedical subjects

W S Jordan

Publications and source records attributed to W S Jordan.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Impediments to the development of additional vaccines: vaccines against important diseases that will not be available in the next decade.

The availability of new biotechnologies has led to the prediction that new or improved vaccines can be developed for 27 diseases within the next decade. The reasons why such optimism cannot be extended to the availability of vaccines for many other infectious diseases are considered by reviewing the steps in vaccine development, from identification of the etiologic agent to construction of attenuated or inactivated vaccines. Impediments to development may exist or arise at any point in this pathway (e.g., multiplicity of serotypes, inability to cultivate the pathogen, multistage life cycles with multiple antigens, unpredictability of epidemics, inadequate knowledge of pathogenesis and immunity, fear of gene splicing, need for an adjuvant, and lack of profitability). Diseases for which vaccines are not likely to be available in the next decade include trachoma, onchocerciasis, pneumonia due to Legionella and to mycoplasmas, amebiasis and giardiasis, schistosomiasis, syphilis, chlamydial urethritis, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and filariasis, and non-A, non-B hepatitis.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measles immunization: remaining needs for research.

Highly immunogenic, safe, and effective attenuated measles vaccines, stabilized to lengthen duration of potency under field conditions, are available. Measles can be controlled while studies continue to define the molecular change in the viral genome responsible for attenuation and to clone the genes that specify for the two major surface glycoprotein antigens, the hemagglutinin (HA) and fusion (F) proteins. Purification of HA and F antigens will facilitate studies of cell-mediated immunity. Elucidation of host cell-dependent lack of synthesis of the internal membrane protein in the brains of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is needed. Control of measles will clarify the relationship between acute measles and those chronic neurologic diseases known (e.g., SSPE) or thought (e.g., multiple sclerosis) to be caused by persistent infection with measles virus. Epidemiologic studies should determine the optimal age for immunization as age-specific morbidity and mortality are reduced and should record the subsequent course of apparent vaccine failures in children immunized from seven to 15 months of age. Behavioral and operational research must examine how best to extend measles immunization throughout the world.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation of oxygen uptake and cardiovascular dynamics during N2O-fentanyl and N2O-thiopental anesthesia in the dog.

The relationship between changes in wholebody O2 consumption (VO2) and cardiovascular dynamics during changing levels of N2O-fentanyl and N2O-thiopental anesthesia was determined in 24 dogs. Dose-dependent reductions in VO2, mean blood pressure, and cardiac output occurred with infusion of fentanyl and thiopental. Painful stimuli increased VO2 during light anesthesia but not during deeper levels of anesthesia. Deep levels of N2O-fentanyl and N2O-thiopental anesthesia may protect the patient with limited cardiac reserve by reducing VO2 and preventing increases in VO2 caused by painful stimuli.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progress toward achieving the 1990 immunization objectives.

Dramatic progress has been made in reducing morbidity due to infectious diseases of childhood through programs of universal immunization of children. This success has been achieved by a program that involves a remarkable integration of private and public endeavors and cooperation between official and voluntary agencies. Similar models of cooperation and integration have not yet been developed for selective use vaccines and new vaccines. As a consequence, although it seems likely that the childhood immunization objectives will be achieved by 1990, the ability to achieve objectives for selective use and new vaccines is in doubt. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has undertaken, as an initiative, the accelerated development of new vaccines. The goal is to expedite the availability of needed vaccines by selecting a few candidate vaccines for extra research and development efforts. Studies are in progress on more than 50 antigens for more than 30 different bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer-controlled anesthesia delivery system.

A prototype Computer-Controlled Anesthesia Delivery System (CCADS) has been developed. The CCADS uses proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) software algorithms to control the delivery of oxygen, anesthetic agent,and nitrous-oxide (N2O) via the computer feedback control of precision mass-flow controller devices. The CCADS was evaluated in a group of seven dogs during 4 hours of closed-circuit enflurane N2O anesthesia. Throughout the 4-hour monitoring period, the CCADS maintained the animals' inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2), end-tidal enflurane concentration, and breathing circuit volume to within +/- 0.20, +/- 0.10 volume %, and +/- 30 ml/min (+/- 1 SD), respectively, of the desired values. The interactive software allowed selective graphic display of the 10-breath averaged data parameters, or modification of FIO2, end-tidal enflurane concentration, and breathing circuit volume, whenever animal re-evaluation during an anesthesia procedure was necessary.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vivo continuous monitoring of K+ in animals using ISFET probes.

Potassium ion sensitive field effect transistor probes have been developed and tested in various clinical applications involving continuous monitoring of serum and interstitial fluid potassium levels. Initial results are presented that demonstrate the importance of continuous monitoring of serum and/or IF K+. Probe construction, calibration, and in vivo placement techniques are described. Use of continuous monitoring that ChemFET probes provide offers the potential for much improved management of patients recovering from many types of clinical disease states that may involve electrolyte abnormalities. Further studies are in progress that will provide additional insight into electrolyte dynamics among the various fluid compartments of the body in response to various physiological stresses.

Animals↗