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Biomedical subjects

W Rummel

Publications and source records attributed to W Rummel.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Transfer of sodium and water through isolated rat colonic mucosa under the influence of deoxycholate and oxyphenisatin.

1. The influence of oxyphenisatin (OP), a diphenolic laxative, and deoxycholate (DC) on the transfer of sodium and water in an everted sac preparation of stripped rat colon was investigated. 2. OP (10(-5) M, mucosal side) and DC (3 X 10(-4) M, mucosal side) completely blocked net water and sodium absorption. Net movements from the serosal to the mucosal side could not be induced by higher concentrations of the drugs. 3. Unidirectional sodium movements in both directions were increased by OP and DC. 4. The effect of DC on the sodium flux from the serosal to the mucosal side was reversible. 5. The potassium content of the mucosal epithelium was not changed by DC and OP. 6. The integrity of the epithelium, as judged by light microscopy, was not disturbed by either drug under the experimental conditions. 7. It is concluded that DC and OP do not interfere with active transport mechanisms but increase the permeability of the epithelium to sodium.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Influence of hydrostatic pressure gradients on net transfer of sodium and water across isolated rat colonic mucosa.

1. The dependence of net transfer of water and sodium on hydrostatic pressure gradients from the serosal to the mucosal side was investigated in everted sacs of the stripped mucosa of the rat colon. 2. In the range of 3-20 cm H2O both, net sodium and water transfer were linearly dependent on hydrostatic pressure. The hydraulic permeability coefficient was 1.1 ml per gram dry weight, hour and cm H2O. At a pressure gradient of 5.8 cm H2O the net movement of water from the mucosal to the serosal side ceased. Above this pressure a net movement in the opposite direction occurs. Sodium net movement from the mucosal to the serosal side ceased at 11 cm H2O. The fluid, which appears-driven by higher values of hydrostatic pressure-on the mucosal side, is hypotonic. 3. Oxyphenisation increases the hydraulic permeability of the colonic epithelium. The fluid, which appears--driven by the hydrostatic pressure gradient--on the mucosal side, is isotonic.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Isolation and characterization of iron-binding proteins from rat intestinal mucosa.

Two iron-binding proteins were isolated from rat intestinal mucosa. From determination of their molecular weights, their electrophoretic and iron-binding properties it was established that one was a mucosal ferritin and the other a mucosal transferrin. The mucosal ferritin is compared in its molecular weight, isoelectric point, amino acid composition and tryptic peptide pattern with the ferritins of rat spleen and liver. All three ferritins are distinctly different from one another. In addition the iron content of mucosal ferritin was found to be much lower than that of liver and spleen ferritins. Mucosal transferrin was separated into two components by isoelectric focusing, as was plasma transferrin. The plasma and mucosal transferrins differ in their isoelectric points and in their amino acid compositions. Differences were also found in vitro in the iron-binding of mucosal transferrin as compared with plasma transferrin. The role of these mucosal proteins in the absorption of iron is briefly discussed.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

Pathway of sodium moving from blood to intestinal lumen under the influence of oxyphenisatin and deoxycholate.

The transfer of (51)CrEDTA and inulin--substances which are distributed only in the extracellular space--across the rat colonic mucosa in vivo is increased by oxyphenisatin O (3.5 times 10(-5)M) and deoxycholate D(3 times 10(-3)M). O and D do not change the size of the intra- and extracellular fluid compartments of the mucosa as measured with (51)CrEDTA from the blood side. The sodium and potassium content of the mucosal tissue is not altered. Therefore the calculated intracellular concentrations of sodium and potassium remain constant. The time course of the (22)Na uptake into the mucosal epithelium is not influenced by O and D up to 5 min after i.v. injection. The specific activity of sodium, however, in the luminal fluid increases under the influence of O(twofold) and D(fivefold). The uptake of (22)Na into the mucosal tissue after administration of (22)Nainto the intestinal lumen is not changed in presence of O and D. We conclude that the net transport of sodium and water from blood to lumen under the influence of O and D occurs mainly via the intercellular way.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Biologic membrane functions in health and disease. Effects of bile acids and laxatives on the mucosal transfer].

The morphologica and biochemical asymmetry of the intestinal epithelium is the precondition for the net transfer of sodium and water from the lumen to the bloodstream. Dihydroxy bile acids and diphenol laxatives belong to the group of drugs which are capable of inhibiting or reversing this net transfer in rats and humans. This property is characterized as antiabsorptive and hydragogue. In addition to their pharmacologic action, pathophysiologic (cholagenic diarrhea) and toxic symptoms (hypokalemia and secondary aldosteronism) can be ascribed to this property. Dihydroxy bile acids and diphenal laxatives render the junctions more permeable. Their mechanism of action can therefore be explained by stating that, due to increased intercellular permeability, the asymmetry of the system is lost and absorption thus comes to a standstill. Since slight hydrostatic pressure on the subepithelial side suffices to reverse the net transfer, it is assumed that in vivo the filtration pressure of the capillaries is the motive force for net transfer into the lumen.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Microcalcifications on the mammaogram, surgical clarification and histologic findings. Concerning the problem of the diagnosis of occult carcinoma of the breast (author's transl)].

Microcalcifications on the mammogram could be an important indication for an occult carcinoma. Up until 31 December 1976, we intentionally removed such grouped microcalcifications 218 times in a group of 17,523 examined females (32,245 mammographs). The selection was confirmed radiologically. The acquired material was then examined histologically via an complicated technique. We found 35 carcinomas and 89 proliferating mastopathies of which 34 required at least strict supervision and sometimes additional treatment. - With strict indications, one-third of the previously clarified cases revealed disorders requiring treatment. In over one-half of the cases, the films indicated nothing of a serious nature. It must, however, be noted that an existing cancer is not always discovered in spite of the intentional excision of microcalcifications. This only serves as an indirect indication.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1976

[Pathologic discharge from the breast. Galactography and histologic clarification (author's transl)].

Up until 31 December 1975, 1646 galactograms were made in 1150 female patients. The intentional segment resection and then the histologic preparation via complicated technique adapted to the excision was conducted 371 times. - In 99 out of 100 cases, an anatomic substrate could be found for the discharge. We were unable to discover any pathological finding to explain the discharge in only 3 cases (0.8%). Included in the benign processes were 170 cases of duct papillomas (45.8%). In these cases segment resection is also adequate therapy. - Approximately 8% of the excisions revealed cancer. In additional 12%, serious proliferative processes in the breast were found which should, at least, be kept under careful clinical supervision. - Galactography used in combination with an adapted surgical and histologic technique to diagnose not only a carcinoma which has evaded other methods of detection but also possible preliminary stages is a valuable procedure.

Breast↗
PubMed1975

[The value od needle biopsy for the microscopic diagnosis of diseases of the breast (author's transl)].

The accuracy of needle biopsies with the disposable biopsy needle TRU-cut was compared to the results of the microscopic examinations of excisional biopsies obtained after the needle biopsy in 276 patients. The diagnostic accuracy in relationship to the diameter of the lesion is listed for 140 patients with carcinoma of the breast, for 72 patients with benign tumors of the breast and for 64 patients with well localized palpable fibrocystic disease. In our experience, the following pre-requistes are necessary to obtain a high diagnostic accuracy for the needle biopsy: 1. A well filled circumscribed, well palpable nodule of uniform consistency. 2. A superficial site close to the skin. 3. A diameter of more than 2 cm. 4. Some experience with the use of the instrument. Needle biopsies of the breast are indicated for skin metastases, recurrences in the scar, and for in-operably advanced tumor or patients who should not have general anaesthesia. Needle biopsy as the biopsy method for a primary plan of management is only relatively indicated in large carcinomas of the breast, or smaller tumors located close to the skin, or tumors which are well accessable in a small breast. The needle biopsy is not suited for the diagnosis of benign tumors of the breast, fibroadenomas, lipomas, or papillomas since complete excision of these lesions is the aim of management. In fibrocystic disease, needle biopsy is not indicated. This clinical or radiological localized finding may correlate to variable microscopic entities with different plans of management. The very small portion of the process shown in the needle biopsy is insufficient in fibrocystic disease. An absolute contra-indication to needle biopsy of the breast is the diagnosis of obscure disease on the breast.

Adenofibroma↗