Biomedical subjects

W Roszkowski

Publications and source records attributed to W Roszkowski.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2002

Ten-year changes in anthropometric characteristics of elderly Europeans.

OBJECTIVE: Assess longitudinal (10-y) changes in height, body weight and circumferences in elderly Europeans. DESIGN: Longitudinal assessments including baseline measurements taken in 1988/1989 which were repeated in 1993 (follow-up) and in 1999 (Finale). SETTING: Longitudinal data were collected in nine European research towns: Hamme/Belgium (H/B), Roskilde/Denmark (R/DK), Haguenau/France (H/F), Romans/France (R/F), Padua/Italy (P/I), Culemborg/the Netherlands (C/NL), Vila Franca de Xira/Portugal (V/P), Betanzos/Spain (B/E), Yverdon/Switzerland (Y/CH). SUBJECTS: Using standardised methodologies data were collected from a random stratified sample of elderly men and women born between 1913 and 1918 including a total of 662 subjects in 1999. RESULTS: On average stature had decreased by 1,5-2 cm. Mean weight changed by -2.6 kg to - 4.2 kg in only three towns. An increase of at least 5 kg of body weight had taken place in 13 % of both men and women whereas 23 % of men and 27 % women had lost at least 5 kg of their baseline weight. Such weight loss over the first 4 years of follow-up was associated with higher mortality rates in men (crude RR 2.2, p<0.0001). Serial changes in arm circumference were small but waist circumference had increased by 3-4 cm. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst small-to-modest average changes in height, body weight and circumferences emerged over SENECA's 10-year follow-up period, considerable gains and losses of body weight had occurred in a significant proportion of the SENECA populations, whereby early weight loss might be predictive of subsequent survival.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Consumption of food products by the elderly living in different environments of the Warsaw region, Poland.

The aim of the study was to compare qualitatively the intake of food groups by the elderly living in urban and rural areas, with regard to the place of living and sex. Fifty-sex subjects in Warsaw and 142 in villages (born in 1919-24) participated in the study. A 3-day record method was used to collect nutritional data. The subjects living in Warsaw consumed more often milk, meat, fish, fruit and their products, as well as fats and oils. Less than 50% of the elderly living in either rural or urban areas ate eggs and fish. Consumption of fruit and its products was also low in the villages (47%). Meat and meat products were consumed more often by elderly men, whereas milk, fruit and their products were eaten more often by women (a rural area only). Consumption of specific food items also differed between the two analyzed living areas; milk, yoghurt and cheese were eaten more often by the residents of Warsaw, however, the intake of cream was significantly higher in the villages. The intake of red meat and meat products was similar, but poultry was included into the diet of 24% of the elderly in the rural area, significantly less than in Warsaw (34%). It also appeared that butter and mixed fats were more common among the elderly in Warsaw,whereas lard, pork fat and margarine were more popular in the villages. Food choice in the rural area was of poorer quality.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Energy and nutrients intake of elderly people living in the Warsaw region, Poland.

The dietary intake of energy, macronutrients, minerals and vitamins was studied in a group of elderly living in urban, suburban, and rural areas of Warsaw region, Poland. The study was conducted in spring 1999 and 298 persons, born between 1919-1924, randomly selected with criteria of age and place of living, were included. Dietary data were based on the 3-day food records. The energy and nutrients intake was calculated on the basis of tables of nutritive value of food products and compared to the Polish RDA's. Daily food rations of the subjects (except for men living in Warsaw) had an incorrect structure as well as insufficient energy content. The highest (i.e. almost 60% or higher) prevalence of intake lower than 2/3 of Polish RDA's was observed for calcium, magnesium, copper, vitamin B2 and vitamin C as well as for iron and vitamin B1 among women. The average intake of fat, cholesterol, and phosphorus was above recommended level. The differences related to area of living were less pronounced for men than for women. Women from suburban area were the most vulnerable group in respect to nutritional inadequacy.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

[Methods of nutrient intake and nutritional status of the elderly in Poland on the basis of the literature from the years 1980-1996].

According to papers published in the years 1980-1996 there were many faults in nutritional habits of the elderly in Poland, which can affect nutritional and health status. Low consumption of calcium, vitamins C, A, and B group was identified most often while the intake of fats was too high in comparison to Polish recommended daily intake. Moreover iron and protein intake among women were also too low. The analysis of food products intake indicated that above mentioned inadequacy in nutrient intake was the result of low consumption of milk and milk products, fruits and vegetables containing vitamin C and beta- carotene as well as grain products and potatoes and high consumption of products from the group other fats. The observed differences between intake and nutritional recommendation were confirmed by the indices of nutritional status. BMI indicating overweight or obesity was observed for many subjects under study, more frequently among women than among man. Biochemical analysis showed risk of deficiency of some vitamins.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Longitudinal changes in the intake of energy and macronutrients of elderly Europeans. SENECA Investigators.

OBJECTIVE: To assess longitudinal changes in intakes of energy and macronutrients in elderly Europeans. DESIGN: Longitudinal study including a dietary assessment in 1988/1989, which was repeated in 1993. SETTING: Serial data were collected in nine European towns: Belgium: Hamme (H/B); Denmark: Roskilde (R/DK); France: Haguenau (H/F) and Romans (R/F); Italy: Padua (P/I); the Netherlands: Culemborg (C/NL); Portugal: Vila Franca de Xira (V/P); Spain: Betanzos (B/E) and Switzerland: Yverdon (Y/CH). In other centres dietary intake data were collected in 1993 only: Portugal: Coimbra (C/P); Poland: Marki (M/PL); Northern Ireland: Ballymoney-Limavady-Portstewart (BLP/NI/UK) and United States: Mansfield (Connecticut) (M/CT/USA). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using standardized methodologies, data were collected from a random stratified sample of elderly men and women born between 1913 and 1918. In 1993 dietary intake data were collected from 1125 subjects by a modified validated dietary history method. RESULTS: Over the 4-year study period, a decline in mean energy intake of one MJ or less per day was observed in most towns, which was significant (P < 0.01) in only four of the towns. The within- and between-centre variation of change was large. Overall, a slight decline was reported for all macronutrients and with the exception of protein, large within and between centre variations were observed in both men and women. CONCLUSION: Intake of energy and macronutrients was found to decline with age. This may be of special concern for small eaters.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

[Evaluation of selected immunologic parameters in healthy persons infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillus].

Selected immunological parameters of peripheral blood leukocytes in 30 tb contracts and control group consisting of 30 healthy blood donors in similar age were examined. All contacts showed the exudate type Mantoux reaction (over 20 mm in diameter) and all revealed normal chest X-ray. No differences between both groups in total T cells, CD4, CD8 counts, CD4/CD8 ratio and in proliferative response to mitogens (PHA and Con A) were found. Tb contacts had the similar serum IgM and elevated IgG and IgA concentrations as compared with the controls. Tb contacts showed depressed granulocyte metabolic activity as measured by CL response to chemostatic peptide N-FORMYL-MET-LEU-PHE (FMLP) in comparison with control subjects.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Increase of pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus strains caused by lysogenic conversion by phages of serologic group F].

The substantial influence of presence of the double converting prophages of the serological group F on the decrease of intensity of human leukocytes stimulation with lysogenic cells of S. aureus was determined. The end values of chemiluminescence in the six experimental systems containing lysogenic bacteria were only from 15.4 to 37.2% of the value in the control sample. The end values of the intercellular killing of the two lysogenic variants were twofold lower than in controls. Third of the investigated variants was completely resistant to intracellular killing in the applied system, and revealed 27% of growth stimulation.

Lysogeny↗

PubMed1992

Influence of 12 antibiotics on antitumor immunity in BALB/c-mice.

The effects of 7 days' chemotherapy with penicillin G, piperacillin, mezlocillin, cephalothin, cefamandole, cefotaxime, gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin, rifampicin, doxycycline, and clindamycin on local tumor growth and metastatic lung colonization were studied in an experimental tumor model (BALB/c-mouse-sarcoma L-1). The antibiotic dosages administered to mice were calculated on a body weight basis from doses recommended for human therapy. Except for mezlocillin, piperacillin, rifampicin and doxycycline, antibiotic treatment did not significantly influence local tumor growth, lung colonization and immune functions. Whereas mezlocillin exerted positive (tumor suppressive) or negative (tumor promoting) effects depending on the chemotherapy schedule, tumor growth and spread were significantly increased independent of the timing scheme after rifampicin or doxycycline treatment. Since certain immune functions (delayed type hypersensitivity; proliferation of spleen lymphocytes) were significantly suppressed after administration of mezlocillin, rifampicin and doxycycline, a correlation between antimicrobial chemotherapy and tumor progression may be possible.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Assessment of the value of stimulation from a preparation of Tołpa peat for treatment of trauma related osteomyelitis].

Tołpa peat preparation at the dose of 5 mg per day was administered to 10 patients with chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis for 6 weeks period of time. Good clinical result (ceasing of the inflammatory process) was found in 4 patients but 3 of them were concurrently treated surgically. Immunological examination (angiogenesis test and chemiluminescence test) performed before the onset and after completion of the treatment with Tołpa preparation did not reveal meaningful changes indicating immunomodulating action of the preparation on the course of posttraumatic osteomyelitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid exerts growth factor-like activity towards human and murine cells.

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was extracted from Staphylococcus saprophyticus strain S1 and tested for the capacity to induce hematopoietic and lymphatic cell proliferation. As compared to nontreated cells, the number of human bone marrow cells significantly increased in the presence of low LTA concentrations. Optimal growth was observed on the fifth day of in vitro incubation. After exposure to LTA, the lymphocyte proliferation rate also increased in a dose and time dependent manner. On the other hand, human epithelial cells and fibroblasts did not show enhanced growth activities in the presence of LTA.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Cellular analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. I. Detection of macrophage populations].

The aim of the study was to compare the results of routine counts of percentage of BAL macrophages, using morphological differential staining method--Pappenheim stain (M) and staining for nonspecific esterase activity (E) with those obtained by APAAP technique, using specific for monocytes (macrophages monoclonal antibodies (Ki-M1) and the complex APAAP (alkaline phosphatase--mouse anti alkaline phosphatase complex). The mean counts were comparable, although different criteria of estimation were used. Significant differences were seen in smokers when the criteria were based on morphology and expression of surface antigens. The results indicate that correct estimation of macrophage counts and their characteristics (enzymatic activity, expression of surface antigens) can only be made using many methods based on various criteria of estimation.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Harmful elements versus iron, zinc and copper: their interactions in animals and humans. I. Mercury, tin, nickel, selenium, fluorine and aluminum].

A literature survey was made of the interactions--in the organism--between some food contaminating elements (mercury, tin, nickel, selenium, fluorine, aluminium) and iron, zinc and copper. The harmful elements may disturb the mineral metabolism already at the stage of intestinal absorption. Moreover, they bring about changes in microelement distribution in the tissues and cells. On account of their approximately similar chemical structure, they compete for the sites of binding to some proteins, including enzymic ones. In this respect a special role is played by ++metallothionein, a protein with the ability of regulating free metal contents in the tissues and thus possibly displaying some detoxifying properties. Many mechanisms and relationships determining the interactions between the surveyed food contaminants and iron, zinc and copper remain, however, not elucidated.

Aluminum↗

PubMed1991

The effect of vitamin E on granulocyte function in patients with recurrent infections.

The influence of vit. E treatment on metabolic and bactericidal granulocyte activity in patients with recurrent infections was studied by chemiluminescence and phagocytosis assays. Vit. E serum level was significantly diminished before therapy. Six weeks supplementation with 200-300 mg/day of vit. E resulted in improvement of clinical status and normalisation of alpha-tocopherol serum level. Bactericidal activity of granulocytes was lower in patients than in the respective controls and it slightly rose after vit. E therapy. Before, therapy, patients granulocytes showed metabolic activity above or within the control range. Vit. E treatment increased, had no effect or decreased granulocyte metabolic activity, but never below the control range.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Intake of vitamins and minerals. Euronut SENECA investigators.

In 18 towns of 12 European countries, 1217 men and 1241 women born between 1913 and 1918 participated in a dietary survey (modified dietary history). Each country used its own nutrient data bank for the conversion of food intake data into vitamin and mineral intakes. Information on the use of nutrient supplements was collected through a questionnaire answered by the participants. Enormous variability in nutrient dietary intake was observed between and even within the different sites. The dietary intake of vitamin A was higher in northern towns and, conversely, the intake of beta-carotene and vitamin C was lower. A considerable percentage of the elderly in some towns had intakes of some nutrients below the lowest European recommended daily intakes (RDIs) and so might be at risk of vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Women in almost all towns had diets of higher nutrient density than men, except for iron. There was great variability in supplementation practices between different towns, even within a country. In northern towns, supplements were used much more frequently than in the other sites, but their use was not nutrition-oriented. Sometimes vitamin supplements were taken in large quantities, with risk of toxicity. Differences between the sexes in supplementation practices were not consistent.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1991

Adequate function of the immune system and physiological microflora are closely correlated.

It is already known that physiological microflora of the digestive system plays an important role in local immunity. Studies on immunomodulating activity of some autoantibodies have shown that drugs affecting intestinal microflora possess potent immunosuppressive effect on systemic immunity. These observations inspired to recent investigation on the mechanisms of the influence of digestive tract bacteria on the immune system.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Digestive tract microflora liberates low molecular weight peptides with immunotriggering activity.

Antibiotic digestive tract decontamination in BALB/c-mice resulted in a significant reduction of peritoneal macrophage function and lymphocyte proliferation. Considerable evidence has accumulated showing that certain species of the indigenous gastrointestinal (GI)-tract microflora, e.g. Bacteroides sp., Clostridium sp., Lactobacillus sp., and Propionibacterium sp., liberate low molecular weight peptides which are able to trigger basic immune responses. Eradication of the GI-tract microflora apparently results in a lack of peptide production correlating to immunosuppression in experimental BALB/c-mice. Substitution of peptides in GI-tract decontaminated mice reconstituted macrophage function as well as proliferation of lymphatic tissue.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Bacteria of human physiological microflora liberate immunomodulating peptides.

Human isolates of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus saprophyticus could be shown to liberate low molecular weight peptides (MW less than 6.500 D) with immunomodulating activity. FACS analyses of BALB/c-mouse lymphoid cells from the thymus and spleen revealed an enhanced percentage of T-helper cells after peptide administration. Intestinal microflora decontamination of BALB/c-mice considerably reduced immune cell function and lymphatic tissue proliferation. Apparently, lack of peptide production or liberation correlated to immunosuppression. Substitution of peptides (from P. acnes or S. saprophyticus) to decontaminated mice reconstituted immune cell function and proliferation. Cortisone-resistant thymocytes were used as an experimental equivalent of functional cells in the thymus. Thus, cortisone treatment of BALB/c-mice significantly reduced the number of thymocytes, however, administration of microbial peptides restored the thymus population.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1990

Effects of beta-lactam antibiotics imipenem/cilastatin and cefodizime on cellular and humoral immune responses in BALB/c-mice.

The effects of a 7-day chemotherapy with two broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics (imipenem/cilastatin and cefodizime) on the humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c-mice were investigated. Antibiotic dosages were calculated on a body weight basis from therapeutical dosages in human medicine. Treatment of experimental mice with imipenem/cilastatin and cefodizime did not influence the production of immunoglobulines (IgM and IgG) nor the delayed type hypersensitivity to oxazolone. In vitro, exposure of human granulocytes to imipenem/cilastatin and cefodizime did not interfere with their phagocytic activity as determined by chemiluminescence assay. Subinhibitory concentrations of both antibiotics modified Staphylococcus aureus and made them more susceptible for granulocyte phagocytosis in chemiluminescence assays.

Animals↗