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Biomedical subjects

W Roggendorf

Publications and source records attributed to W Roggendorf.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Monoclonal antibody analysis of major histocompatibility complex expression in human meningiomas.

Using monoclonal antibodies (MAB) in combination with the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase technique, 20 meningiomas were examined for the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. Most of the tumor cells were labeled with the MAB for class I MHC antigens. In addition, class I reactivity was seen in the tumor blood vessels, presumably reflecting labeling of the endothelial cells. Tumor cells and endothelium were not labeled with the MAB for class II MHC antigen HLA-DR. Occasionally a staining of periendothelial cells was detected. The presence of MHC antigens supports the assumption that endothelial cells play a role in antigen presentation, perhaps relevant to the initiation of an immune response, and that meningioma cells can be a target of T cell-mediated immune reactions.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Meningio-angiomatosis.

A case is described of a boy five years old who suffered from left-sided muscular weakness since the first months of life and from absences since the second year of life. He died of valproate-induced hepatic insufficiency. Autopsy of the brain revealed meningio-angiomatosis, a rare but rather benign disorder usually characterized by narrow meningothelial proliferations abutting upon cortical plaques and exhibiting proliferations of small vessels with perivascular cuffs of fibroblast-like cells. The peculiarities were that the case lacked any leptomeningeal calcification - in line with the patient's age being the lowest so far reported for pathologically verified meningio-angiomatosis - and also exhibited intracortical clusters of mesenchymal cells that did not form vessels ("free fibroblasts"). Immunohistochemically perivascular cells were negative for S100, GFAP, desmin and factor-8-related antigen and were embedded in interstitial collagen of types III and VI as well as procollagen I, while "free fibroblasts" were surrounded by deposits of basement membrane collagen type IV. The results are consistent with a meningothelial origin of perivascular cells and "free fibroblasts".

Angiomatosis↗
PubMed1989

Histogenesis of stromal cells in cerebellar hemangioblastomas. An immunohistochemical study.

Fifteen cerebellar hemangioblastomas were examined by immunohistochemistry for expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and various neuropeptides using the avidin-biotin-complex peroxidase reaction with the following antibodies: NSE, synaptophysin, serotonin, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide YY, neurotensin, and leu-enkephalin. In all tumor biopsies most of the stromal cells were positive for NSE. About 30% of the stromal cells showed a weak cytoplasmic synaptophysin positivity. Approximately 25% of the stromal cells were labeled with antibodies against substance P and neuropeptide YY. The partly strong reactivity was localized preferentially in perinuclear regions. These positive cells were mainly distributed in small cell clusters but were also scattered in the tumor parenchyma. In all tumor biopsies scattered cells exhibited strong perinuclear enkephalin positivity, corresponding probably to mast cells, whereas stromal cells were entirely negative. For serotonin, VIP, and neurotensin no specific reaction was seen. On the basis of these findings it is proposed that hemangioblastomas have a neuroendocrine component.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1988

Inflammatory infiltrates and natural killer cell presence in human brain tumors.

Immunohistochemical analysis of subpopulations of inflammatory cells in 81 primary and secondary human brain tumors was done. Natural killer (NK) cells, representing non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted, spontaneous cytotoxicity and monocytic cells are virtually absent in infiltrates of gliomas and account only for a minor percentage of inflammatory cells in brain metastases of carcinoma and in craniopharyngeomas. Infiltrates in gliomas consist almost exclusively of T-cells of the suppressor/cytotoxic type whereas infiltrates in carcinoma metastases and craniopharyngeomas contain considerable numbers of T-helper/inducer cells and B-cells. From this the authors conclude (1) that NK cells do not play a major role in tumor rejection, and (2) that the kind of inflammatory reaction does not depend upon the tumor site but more likely on the tumor type. No correlation between tumor differentiation and infiltrate composition is evident.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Adult-onset rod disease with abundant intranuclear rods.

The third case of adult-onset rod disease (nemaline myopathy) with abundant myofibrillar as well as intranuclear rods is described. The 61-year-old woman suffered from progressive weakness of proximal extremities and of the neck, mimicking polymyositis. Muscle biopsy revealed a striking myopathic pattern, with intranuclear rods occurring in 31% of the fibres. On light and electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical study, the rods differed from myofibrillar rods. The absence of alpha-actinin in intranuclear rods suggests an enhanced readiness of actin filaments to bind to diverse proteins, instead of overproduction of alpha-actinin as the pathogenetic basis of the rod formation.

Actinin↗
PubMed1988

Altered expression of collagen type VI in brain vessels of patients with chronic hypertension. A comparison with the distribution of collagen IV and procollagen III.

The vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the histopathology of cerebral microcirculation, but its characterization is still incomplete. For that reason we investigated paraffin-embedded and cryostat sections of intracerebral and meningeal vessels from eight normotensive and six hypertensive humans using monospecific affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies against human/monkey amino-terminal procollagen I + III peptide (P I P, P III P), collagen IV (7-S and NC1 domains), VI, and laminin (P 1 fragment) by applying peroxidase-antiperoxidase- and alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase techniques. In normotensives, laminin and collagen IV were codistributed in the basal lamina of meningeal and intraparenchymal vessels. Collagen VI was only present in the adventitia of meningeal vessels and larger intraparenchymal arteries and veins, whereas it was absent from cortical vessels including capillaries. Intensive staining for collagen VI was observed in the choroid plexus, the superficial glia and sheath of cranial nerves. In hypertensives, the basement membrane constituents laminin and collagen IV appeared ubiquitously increased. Here, collagen VI was also deposited in the broadened vascular intima and media of larger arteries and in cortical vessels. In both groups collagen VI and P III P appeared to be codistributed. Our results indicate that significant qualitative change sin ECM of cerebral blood vessels are taking place during the development of hypertension, such as (1) an atypical deposition or an increase of collagen VI which by interconnecting collagen fibrils (I and III) might exert a stabilizing (sclerosing) function in the ECM, and (2) a thickening of vascular basement membranes caused by an accumulation of its major components laminin and collagen IV.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Immunohistochemical investigation of collagen subtypes in human glioblastomas.

The immunohistochemical distribution of a spectrum of collagens and procollagens was studied in 16 glioblastomas. Anti-collagen IV antibodies frequently outlined thickened or disrupted basement membranes (BM) of tumour vessels. Glial BM were frequently penetrated by tumour cells; endothelial BM were not. Some proliferating vessels did not stain for extracellular collagen IV but were rimmed by collagen IV-positive cells, some of which expressed GFAP. Procollagen I was restricted to proliferating leptomeninges and pathological tumour vessels. Collagen III and procollagen III were codistributed in intratumoural and extratumoural interstitial connective tissue. Collagen VI was most pronounced in the adventitia of normal vessels and in spindle-cell proliferations of pathological vessels but not in the endothelial cell proliferations. On the basis of our findings, we conclude that glial cells play a major role in BM formation around tumour vessels, that procollagen I may serve as a marker for proliferation of interstitial connective tissue, and that the origin of spindle-cell proliferation is adventitial, rather than endothelial.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1988

Vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein are codistributed in the same intermediate filament system of malignant glioma cells in vivo. A double-labeling immunoelectron-microscopical study.

Normal, reactive, and neoplastic astrocytes express two types of intermediate filament (IF) proteins, namely glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. Their submicroscopical distribution in vivo is so far unknown. We therefore investigated four malignant gliomas by electron microscopy, applying postembedding double immunogold labeling. The IF proteins were randomly scattered over the same filament bundles, as in previous experiments on glioma cultures. No clustering or preferential intracytoplasmic location of either IF protein was visible. The demonstration of IF proteins within nuclei gives some support to the suggested intranuclear functions of IF proteins.

Astrocytes↗
PubMed1988

Mitochondrial myopathies with necrotizing encephalopathy of the Leigh type.

Two patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (MEP) serve to emphasize the variability of this group of diseases. Cerebral insults, mitochondrial cardiopathy, relapsing ileus, cerebral angioma, ataxia, and myoclonic seizures characterized the first case of an adult man with similar diseases in his family, interpreted as transitional form between mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged red fibers (MERRF). The second patient, a floppy infant with cardiomyopathy and myoclonism, statomotoric and mental retardation showed combined defects in mitochondrial respiratory chain at NADH-CoQ reductase and cytochrome c oxidase and a deficiency of carnitine. In both patients neuropathologically criteria of Leigh's syndrome could be demonstrated in the cerebral cortex, in case 2 also clinically. The classificatory problems of the relationships between KSS, MELAS, MERRF, Leigh's as well as Alpers' syndromes are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy: clinical aspects, CT morphology and neuropathology].

Basing on the example of two cases, the clinical and morphological variability of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies is demonstrated. Both patients were of short build, and the clinical signs and symptoms were dementia, ataxia, epilepsy and hardness of hearing, whereas signs of myopathy were very mild or absent. Computed tomography showed infratentorial pronounced atrophy of the brain and basal ganglia calcifications, in one case additionally ischemic infarctions, as can be seen in "mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome" (MELAS). A CT follow-up over 8 years with a progression of the abnormalities parallel to the progressive clinical course is demonstrated. Besides typical "ragged red fibres-myopathy" different abnormalities of mitochondria were seen by the electron microscope. One of the patients died; he had exceptional pathological-anatomical findings with mitochondrial cardiomyopathy, angioma and necrotising encephalopathy of Leigh's type. The two case reports show that in patients with such multisystemic neurological signs and CT-findings mitochondrial encephalomyopathy should be considered and a muscle biopsy should be performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Proliferative potential of meningiomas determined with the monoclonal antibody Ki-67.

In 30 meningiomas we investigated the proliferation rate of various subtypes with the monoclonal antibody Ki-67. Frozen sections were incubated with Ki-67 antibody using a modified Alkaline Phosphatase anti-Alkaline Phosphatase (APAAP)-technique and evaluation of proliferation rate was done by cell counting. Meningiomas of the meningiotheliomatous, fibrous and angioblastic subtype without atypical histological findings contained 1% or less proliferating cells. In recurrent tumors, in transitional and in anaplastic meningiomas there is a marked increase of proliferating cells up to 20%. The distribution of marked cells varies in recurrent tumors and anaplastic meningiomas, and a focal proliferation of tumor cells was seen in meningiomas from transitional type. Immunohistological labelling of proliferating cells in meningiomas may allow a more precise prediction of the proliferation potential of each meningioma.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

Normomorphic sialidosis in two female adults with severe neurologic disease and without sialyl oligosacchariduria.

Two female patients of German origin, aged 38 and 21 years, with myoclonus epilepsy and cerebellar ataxia, but without dysmorphic signs and dementia, were found to excrete normal amounts of sialyl oligosaccharides in their urine. The younger patient showed cherry red spots in her ocular fundi. The older patient had a brother with an autopsy-proven neuronal storage disease compatible with sialidosis, and in her rectal biopsy lamellar inclusion bodies were detected. Enzyme assays in cultured fibroblasts of both patients revealed a profound but incomplete deficiency of oligosaccharide sialidase activity and normal beta-galactosidase activity. Adult sialidosis was diagnosed in both patients. In their fibroblasts, moderate elevations of bound sialic acid could also be measured. The small residual sialidase activity, which in the older patient had a normal KM value, is considered responsible for the late onset and slow clinical course of the disease. It is concluded that in adult sialidosis the extraneural storage process can be difficult to demonstrate in terms of metabolite accumulation or excretion during the course of intraneuronal storage.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Ultrasonic aspiration in neurosurgery.

A short review describes the equipment of the ultrasonic aspirator CUSA, the microscopic and ultramicroscopic changes of brain tissue exposed to ultrasonic aspiration, as well as the indications and clinical experience in brain tumour operations.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Severe local tissue lesions after chemonucleolysis with collagenase.

The authors report the case of a young female patient submitted to chemonucleolysis at L4-5 with collagenase, in whom severe tissue lesions affecting the cartilaginous end-plate, the vertebral bone, the posterior intervertebral ligament, the epidural fat, and the dura mater were verified at laminectomy, which had become necessary due to functional motor deterioration.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Morphological alterations of the degenerated lumbar disc following chemonucleolysis with chymopapain.

Lumbar disc tissue from 10 patients who had previously undergone chemonucleolysis without success was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Seven patients had a sequestrated disc; three had large protrusions. As a control, material from 10 patients subjected to disc surgery without previous chemonucleolysis was studied in the same way. The control discs revealed the characteristic signs of degeneration: alteration of the collagen, microcystic areas, and giant chondromas. Changes following chemonucleolysis were restricted exclusively to the ground substance and characterized by a marked loss of basophilia in the cartilage matrix. There was no involvement of the anulus fibrosus, cartilage plate, or bone. Following chymopapain administration, scanning electron microscopy showed a naked collagen network devoid of ground substance.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Vascular malformations as a cause of spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma.

Seven cases of spinal epidural haematoma occurred in a series of 2,500 neurosurgical procedures. Five of these seven cases were non-traumatic in origin. In four cases the bleeding could be ascribed to various types of vascular malformations. The clinical and histological features are described, and the relevance of these findings for surgical management is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Ultrastructural characteristics of spasm in intracerebral arterioles.

Following craniotomy, three groups of cats were subjected to three different stimuli: group A hyperventilation, group B electroshock, and group C direct electric current. During electric stimuli, pial vessels were observed through a cranial window. Immediately after electric current application, some arterial vessels showed segmental spastic constriction. Tissue samples for electron-microscopy were taken from the parietal lobe and nucleus caudatus. In all three groups of animals, different types of constriction of blood vessels were observed. The respiratory alkalosis achieved by hyperventilation led to physiological constriction of the arterioles. The electric stimuli led to spastic constriction of the meningeal and intracerebral arteries and arterioles in group B and C; the entire vessel wall was greatly deformed and the vessel lumen was almost obstructed. Electroshock resulted in only moderate structural changes of the smooth muscle cells. Direct current, however, caused an extreme and bizarre smooth muscle deformation. The results show that spastic constrictions of arterioles can be clearly distinguished from physiological, that is non-spastic constriction, by morphological parameters. Electric stimulation of cerebral vessels could be an experimental condition for further investigation of intracerebral vasospasm.

Animals↗