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Biomedical subjects

W Riesen

Publications and source records attributed to W Riesen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Reduced LDL- and increased HDL-apoproteins in patients with hypercholesterolaemia under treatment with bezafibrate.

The effect of bezafibrate on serum lipids, lipoproteins and the apoproteins A-I, A-II and B was studied in 18 patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia. Total cholesterol was lowered by 20% (P less than 0.05), LDL-cholesterol by 24% (P less than 0.05), and apo B by 14% (P less than 0.05), which is comparable to the effect obtained with anion exchange resins but with far fewer side-effects. HDL increased significantly during bezafibrate treatment both by measurement of HDL-cholesterol (+54%, P less than 0.05) and by the determination of HDL-apoproteins A-I (+ 19%, P less than 0.05) and A-II (+ 23%, P less than 0.05). This increase of HDL and the decrease of triglycerides was maintained for 6 weeks of placebo treatment after cessation of bezafibrate, while serum total and LDL cholesterol as well as apo B returned to their baseline levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Beta-receptor-blocking agents may reverse or prevent diuretic-induced increases in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

1. The effect of treatment with a thiazide-like diuretic alone or combined with a beta-adrenoceptor blocker on serum lipoproteins was investigated in 35 patients with essential hypertension. 2. In group I (18 patients), serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased (P less than 0.001) during monotherapy with chlorthalidone (100 mg/day) but not during combined chlorthalidone--beta-blocker therapy. 3. This tendency was similar in subgroups studied with an inverse sequence of drug administration. In subgroup IA (11 men), a 22% increase (P less than 0.01) in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after 6 weeks of chlorthalidone was reversed after use of a beta-blocker as well as chlorthalidone; in subgroup IB (five men, two post-menopausal women), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased by 41% (P less than 0.05) above placebo values 6 weeks after withdrawal of the beta-blocker from combination therapy. 4. In group II (18 men), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased by 13% (P less than 0.025) after 4 weeks of monotherapy with clopamide (5 mg/day) but restored to control levels 4 weeks after addition of pindolol (10 mg/day). 5. No significant changes occurred during any treatment phase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. 6. Certain beta-receptor blocking agents may prevent or reverse diuretic-induced increases in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Secondary hyperlipoproteinemia induced by diuretic therapy (author's transl)].

In order to study the degree and pathogenic aspects of the secondary hyperlipoproteinemia in patients under diuretic therapy we measured serum lipids, lipoproteins and the apoproteins A1, A2 and B in 12 adults after a 4 weeks placebo period and 6 weeks of treatment with chlorthalidon. There was a significant increase in atherogenic low density lipoproteins (LDL), (18%, P less than 0.05) whereas the high density lipoprotein-cholesterol Apo A1 and A2 levels were not significantly altered. The same was true for the total serum triglyceride- and the very low density lipoprotein- and LDL-triglyceride levels. The activity of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase was slightly but not significantly increased. A delayed LDL-catabolism seems to be the most probable pathogenic mechanism underlying the Chlorthalidon-induced hyperlipoproteinemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Structure and biological properties of immunoglobulins and gamma-globulin preparations. I. Structure and function of immunoglobulins].

Antibodies serve two different functions: they bind antigens and mediate a series of other functions party as a consequence of antigen binding. These functions are usually termed effector functions. This functional dualism is reflected in the structural arrangement of the immunoglobulin molecules, the basic structure of which consists of 4 polypeptide chains: 2 identical light chains (molecular weight 22 000--23 000) and 2 identical heavy chains (molecular weight 50 000--70 000). These polypeptide chains may be divided into compact globular regions, which are called domains and have different biological functions. The domains which are involved in antigen binding consist of the 110--120 aminoterminal amino acid residues of heavy and light chains. The amino acid sequence within these domains differs from one immunoglobulin molecule to another, and for this reason they are designated variable domains. The remaining domains are of substantially the same structure within groups of immunoglobulins and are therefore called constant domains. The structural variants within the constant domains of the heavy chains are termed classes and subclasses, and those of the light chains, types. The constant domains of the heavy chains mediate the effector functions of the immunoglobulin molecules. This structural division into a variable and a constant part allows the combination of a great number of different antigen binding specifities with a series of different effector functions.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Increased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men treated short-term with the diuretic chlorthalidone.

The effect of the diuretic chlorthalidone (100 mg/day for 6 weeks) on serum lipoproteins was evaluated in 37 subjects. In 19 men with essential hypertension (aged 41 +/- 3 yr), 8 normal men (26 +/- 3 yr), or all of these men considered together, chlorthalidone significantly increased serum low density lipoprotein--cholesterol (LDL-C) by 20% (p less than 0.05 to less than 0.01). There was also a tendency for increased LDL-C in seven postmenopausal women (+/- 15%) but not in three premenopausal women with essential hypertension. High density lipoprotein--cholesterol was not significantly changed in hypertensive women or normal men and decreased slightly (p less than 0.05) in hypertensive men. Apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B were not changed significantly in women or men. Diuretic-induced lipoprotein alterations were not associated with altered plasma volume and unrelated to variations in serum potassium, glucose, insulin levels, blood pressure, and body weight. Short-term diuretic therapy with chlorthalidone may increase serum LDL-C in young or middle-aged men with normal or high blood pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The effectiveness of digoxin-specific F(ab')2-antibody fragments in the treatment of digitoxin poisoning: experimental investigations in the cat.

In animal experiments heterologous digoxin-specific F(ab')2 antibody fragments have been found to be effective for the treatment of arrhythmias induced by toxic doses of digoxin. So far they have been successfully employed in three patients suffering from digoxin poisoning. The present study was undertaken to test whether these antibodies are also effective in the treatment of digitoxin poisoning. Ventricular tachycardia, induced in digitalized cats by intravenous injections of digitoxin, was fatal in four out of five controls. However, sinus rhythm was reinstated in all the animals treated with digoxin-specific F(ab')2 after onset of the arrhythmia. Cross-reactivity between the antibodies used and digitoxin, while slight in vitro, is, nevertheless, sufficient to justify their clinical use in cases of digitoxin poisoning.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Serum beta 2-microglobulin, serum creatinine and bone marrow plasma cells in benign and malignant monoclonal gammopathy.

Serum beta 2-microglobulin concentrations were determined in samples of 65 patients with benign or malignant monoclonal gammopathy. In the group of patients suffering from multiple myeloma or Waldenström's macroglobulinemia the mean beta 2-microglobulin level was significantly higher than in the group with benign monoclonal gammopathy. Values above 3 mg/l were highly indicative of malignant disease and observed in 50% of the myeloma patients. Serum creatinine levels were significantly correlated to beta 2-microglobulin levels. However, mean creatinine concentrations did not significantly differ between the two groups of patients. Plasma cells and lymphoplasmocellular elements containing cytoplasmic immunoglobulin were counted in bone marrow samples of all patients. The counts, expressed in percent of nucleated bone marrow cells, allowed a good discrimination between the benign and the malignant group of patients. Bone marrow from patients with multiple myeloma or macroglobulinemia contained more, from patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy less than 17% plasma cells. No significant correlation was noticed between the extent of this plasmocytic bone marrow infiltration and serum beta 2-microglobulin or creatinine levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Lipoprotein metabolism in nephrotic syndrome in childhood.

In nine patients with proteinuric nephrotic syndrome (NS), significant negative correlations were shown between plasma albumin and cholesterol (r=-0.85, p less than 0.005) and between plasma albumin and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-apoprotein B (ApoB) (r=-0.84, p less than 0.005), whereas there was no such correlation in ten matched ntrol patients. LDL-ApoB (182.8 +/141.2 MG/DL), cholesterol (249.3 +/-190.2 mg/dl) and triglycerides (40.8 +/- 23.5 mg/dl) were all elevated above controls. Control values: LDL-ApoB: 75.4 +/-25.0 mg/dl, -cholesterol: ll9.3 +/-27.6 mg/dl and -triglycerides: 29.2-17.9 mg/dl. The patients with proteinuric NS also exhibited a negative correlation between plasma triglyceride levels and plasma lipoprotein lipaseactiveiy (r=-0.79, p less than 0.02), which was not observed in controls. The hepatic triglycerice lipase (H-TGL) showed a mean activity of 22.2 +/- 10.7 mumol/ml FFA, which was not different form the control value of 21.2 +/-3.9 mumol/ml FFA. Not only LDL-cholesterol values were elevated in the patients with proteinuric NS, but high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol as well. HDL-cholesterol in proteinuric NS: 68.6 +/- 29.0 mg/dl, controls: 45.7 +/- 8.5 mg/dl. Twelve patients with NS in remission showed no correlation between plasma albumin and cholesterol and plasma albumin and LDL-ApoB respectively. The concentrations of LDL-ApoB (92.2 +/- 24.5 mg/dl),-cholesterol (121.7 +/- 37.1 mg/dl) and -triglycerides (28.9 +/-18.9 mg/dl) were within the normal range. No significan correlation was found between plasma triglyceride levels and plasma lipoprotein lipase activity (r=0.38, p greater than 0.2), and H-TGL activity, at 24.1 +/-9.3 mumol/ml FFA, was not different from control. In contrast to the complete normalization of LDL-cholesterol level, the HDL-cholesterol level remained slightly above control (HDL-cholesterol: 57.0 +/- 17.6 mg/dl). The hyperlipoproteinaemia in NS represents a combination of an increasents a combination of an increased hepatic lipoprotein synthesis and a decreased catabolism of triglyceride rich lipoproteins as indicated by an insufficiency of the lipoprotein lipase. The simultaneous elevation of LDL- and HDL-cholesterol suggests at most a moderate degree of atherogeneity of the hyperlipoproteinemia in NS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[The treatment of digitalis poisoning with antibiotics (author's transl)].

Digitalis intoxication occurs frequently and proves fatal in 5-10% of all cases. Treatment is limited to symptomatic measures. Glycoside-specific antibodies offer a new way of treatment of digitalis intoxication. In our experiments with cats, they were found to be highly effective in reversing digoxin-induced arrhythmias. Specific antibodies have previously been employed in a patient with suicidal digoxin intoxication. We report a case of nonsuicidal Lanatosid-C intoxication treated with F(ab')2-fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies from the sheep. The treatment was successful and without side-effects. Serum concentration of free digoxin and total digoxin measured during and after treatment showed a decrease of free and a sharp raise in total digoxin. For clinical use, antibody fragments are superior to intact antibodies. Problems and possible indications concerning the treatment of digitalis intoxication with antibodies are briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[The effect of lipid level lowering diets on bile lipids and plasma lipoproteins in normal persons].

The effects of two fat-modified diets, one rich in polyunsaturated and the other in oleic acids, were studied in 10 healthy young males with regard to bile lipid composition, plasma lipids and lipoproteins. The two experimental diets were given for 2 weeks each and findings compared with those from the subject's normal diet. The fat-modified diets had marked but comparable effects on plasma total cholesterol (decreases by 23% and 16% respectively), on LDL-cholesterol (decreases by 27% and 17% respectively) and on HDL-cholesterol (decreases by 26% and 27% respectively). HDL apolipoproteins A-I and A-II were unaffected. Therefore, the apo A-I/HDL-cholesterol and apo A-II/HDL-cholesterol ratios significantly increased. The "lithogenic index" as a measure for the relationship of cholesterol to bile acids and phospholipids, and thus for the solubility of cholesterol in gallbladder bile, was not affected by the lipid lowering diets, which therefore should not increase the risk of cholelithiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Antibody treatment of digoxin intoxication in a patient with renal failure (author's transl)].

A 72-year-old man with coronary heart disease and renal failure required hospitalization because of digoxin intoxication with severe arrhythmias and generalised heart failure. The intoxication was successfully treated and sinus rhythm rapidly restored after administration of heterologous digoxin-specific F(ab')2 antibody fragments. There were no side-effects and the heart failure improved after treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[The effect of diuretic therapy on serum lipoproteins: an undesirable effect?].

The effect of diuretics on serum lipids and lipoproteins was evaluated in 23 patients with essential hypertension treated with chlorthalidone for six weeks. Compared to placebo conditions, diuretic therapy significantly increased serum beta (+8%, p less than 0.05) or low-density-lipoprotein (LP) cholesterol (+17%, p less than 0.025). Since alpha-LP or high-density-LP cholesterol was unchanged or tended to decrease slightly, there was also an increase in the beta/alpha-LP (+26%, p less than 0.025) or low/high-density-LP cholesterol (21%, p less than 0.025) ratio. Serum cholesterol (+4%), triglycerides (+3%), phospholipids and the Apo-LP A-I, A-II and B were not changed significantly. Blood pressure and plasma potassium were decreased (p less than 0.01), blood volume and serum insulin were not changed significantly, and serum glucose was increased mildly. Plasma renin, aldosterone and norepinephrine levels rose significantly (p less than 0.05), while circulating epinephrine was unaltered. Alterations in LP were not related to variations in blood pressure, blood volume, plasma electrolytes or serum glucose or insulin; and they did not correlate with chlorthalidone-induced increases in plasma renin, aldosterone or norepinephrine. Treatment with certain diuretics may have an adverse influence on lipoprotein metabolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of a case of lanatoside C intoxication with digoxin-specific F(ab')2 antibody fragments.

In animal experiments arrhythmias induced by cardiac glycosides which prove fatal if untreated can be terminated by administration of glycoside-specific antibodies. Immunotherapy with digoxin-specific antibody fragments had hitherto only been employed on one occasion, namely in a person who had taken a massive overdose of digoxin with suicidal intent and who had failed to respond to symptomatic treatment. The present paper describes the use of F(ab')2 fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies in a female patient with lanatoside C intoxication to treat the associated life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia. The arrhythmia was rapidly terminated and normal sinus rhythm was restored. Treatment with the heterologous antibodies did not cause any side-effects.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1978

Fluorometric determinations of the relative immunoglobulin content of plasma cells of patients with monoclonal gammopathy.

The relative cytoplasmic immunoglobulin content of fixed plasma cells taken from the bone marrow of five patients with myeloma and five patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy was determined with a microscope fluorometer. In eight of the ten piasma cell populations studied, the distribution of the fluorescence intensities was close to normal. In three of these eight populations a significant difference in the variances of the heavy and light chain fluorescence intensities was found. Variances of heavy and light chain fluorescence intensities were smaller in patients with an immunoglobulin A-type gammopathy than in those with an immunoglobulin G-type gammopathy. No difference was found if normalized relative frequency distribution patterns of heavy or light chain fluorescence intensities of patients with myeloma were compared with those of patients with benign monoclonal gammopathies.

Bence Jones Protein↗
PubMed1978

The prevention and reversal of digoxin intoxication with specific antibodies.

The formation of digoxin-specific antibodies was induced in sheep by immunization with a digoxin-albumin conjugate. The efficacy of the antibodies was investigated in anesthetized cats. When the digoxin-specific antibodies were administered prophylactically as a gammaglobulin, IgG or F (ab')2 preparation, the dose of digoxin needed to induce ventricular dysrhythmia was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) for the pretreated animals than for the controls. To investigate therapeutic efficacy, the animals were digitalized with digoxin over a period of three days and were given digoxin injections on the fourth day to provoke ventricular tachycardia. Of the control animals, three died before two hours had elapsed and the arrhythmia persisted in the two remaining animals. By contrast, a stable sinus rhythm was restored in all animals which were treated with F (ab')2 fragment of the digoxin-specific antibodies after onset of ventricular tachycardia. The doses of digoxin required to trigger renewed ventricular dysrhythmia in these animals were greater than those required at the start of the experiment. The potential clinical use of digoxin-specific antibodies is discussed in the light of these results and reports in the literature.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Inhibition of human anti-Gd cold agglutinins by sialyllactose.

Two examples of IgM kappa-monotopic cold agglutinins occurring in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas, reacted with erythrocyte autoantigens, which were protease-resistant but were inactivated by neuraminidase. The cold agglutinins were inhibited by the trisaccharide sialyllactose [NeuNAc(alpha,2 leads to 3) Gal (beta, 1 leads to 4)Glc], which is not related to oligosaccharides known to inhibit anti-I/-i cold agglutinins, Anti-Pr cold agglutinins are not inhibited by sialyllactose, although N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) is an essential component not only of Gd but also of Pr determinants. Gd determinants are not bound to erythrocyte membrane glycoproteins, but are apparently bound to membrane glycolipids (gangliosides).

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1977

Serological identification of the new cold agglutinin specificity anti-Gd.

The specificity anti-Gd of human cold autoagglutinins is characterized using untreated and enzyme-treated human red blood cells. Gd determinants of human RBC are resistant to proteases, but are inactivated by neuraminidase (RDE). In contrast, I/i determinants are not inactivated by proteases or RDE, while Pr1-3 determinants are inactivated by proteases and RDE, and Pra determinants are resistant to RDE, but are inactivated by proteases.

Agglutinins↗