Biomedical subjects

W Rauschning

Publications and source records attributed to W Rauschning.

78 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

The subarcuate fossa and channel. A radioanatomic investigation.

The subarcuate channel conveys the blood supply to the otic capsule of the semicircular canals, to part of the vestibule and to other neighbouring structures. It is often observed in conventional radiographs of the temporal bone and is reproduced to advantage by conventional multidirectional and computed tomography. The purpose of this report is to draw the attention of otoradiologists to this anatomic structure and to report on some results concerning the radioanatomy of the channel. Plastic casts of 100 radiographed and subsequently macerated temporal bones were evaluated. Fourteen temporal bone specimens were submitted to automatic serial cryomicrotomy. The radioanatomic variations of the channel were demonstrated. The radiographic reproducibility of the channel, length and width, were found to be dependent on the degree of perilabyrinthine and mastoid pneumatization of the temporal bone.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging as a tool for evaluation of traumatic knee injuries. Anatomical and pathoanatomical correlations.

Traumatic injury to the knee remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been applied to musculoskeletal pathoanatomy and has been shown to be an effective tool for definition and characterization of knee pathology. A systematic approach is taken to establish anatomical and pathoanatomical correlations, as well as the role of MRI in the management of knee injuries. Imaging was performed at the UCLA Medical Center using a permanent magnet system and a combination of solenoidal surface coils and thin-section, high-resolution scanning techniques. Images depict structural anatomical and spatial details of the knee that correlate well with corresponding cadaveric cryosections. To determine pathoanatomical correlations and the efficacy of MRI, 105 patients with preoperative diagnoses of meniscal tears, anterior and posterior cruciate ligament tears, tibial plateau fracture, and patella and quadriceps injuries were imaged. Results indicated that for the medial meniscus MRI demonstrated a 95.7% sensitivity, 81.8% specificity, 90% accuracy, 88.2% positive predictive value (PPV), and 93.1% negative predictive value (NPV). Imaging of the lateral meniscus demonstrated a 75% sensitivity, 95% specificity, 91% accuracy, 80% PPV, and 94% NPV. MRI of the ACL revealed 100% sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values. MRI is a noninvasive tool which uses no ionizing radiation and can accurately define and characterize anatomy and pathoanatomy. This study indicates that MRI in conjunction with clinical evaluation can contribute to treatment decision-making processes and assist in preoperative planning. An algorithm demonstrating the potential clinical use of MRI is presented.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Attenuation values, volume changes and artifacts in tissue due to freezing.

Freezing of animal and human tissue may change their shape, size and other physical properties such as attenuation of roentgen rays. In correlative radiologic-anatomic studies such artifacts are potential sources of inaccuracy. In fluid phantoms changes of computed tomography (CT) numbers and volume were measured before and after freezing. Frozen saline decreased in attenuation by 80 Hounsfield units (HU) and increased in volume by 9 per cent. Pure soy oil increased in attenuation by 40 HU after freezing and shrank in volume by 4 per cent. Emulsions of 10, 20 and 30 per cent lipid expanded in inverse relationship to the changes in attenuation. In animal and human tissue, changes in CT number of -80 to +55 HU were measured and changes in volume of -6 to +9 per cent were calculated. The attenuation of the vitreous body in the eye decreased by 80 HU and its volume was calculated to increase by 8 to 9 per cent. In the muscle and spinal cord the attenuation decreased by 40 to 60 HU, corresponding to the increase in volume of 4 to 6 per cent. Attenuation of fat was increased by 55 HU after freezing and a decrease in volume of 5 to 6 per cent was calculated. Deformation of soft tissue and herniation of the cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum were observed. Most anatomic, freezing artifacts can be avoided by careful preparation.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MR of the cauda equina.

To define the anatomy of the cauda equina nerve roots by MR imaging, the lower spine of 14 normal volunteers was imaged using a high-field surface-coil technique. A total of 56 sagittal and 56 axial MR sections (eight selected slices from each case) were correlated with undistorted anatomic sections from cadaver spine specimens, and the visualization of the nerve roots was assessed. In addition, MR images of three patients with infiltrating or seeding tumors affecting the cauda equina were analyzed. Seventy-eight percent of the MR sections from normal cases clearly showed the anatomy of the cauda equina nerve roots. The nerve roots were fairly shown in 17% of the sections; and false findings (presumably caused by CSF pulsation) were observed in the remaining 5%. Coronal imaging provided excellent anatomic views of the nerve roots within the intervertebral foramina. Morphologic alterations in the pathologic cases were correctly shown when both T1- and T2-weighted imaging were used. In conclusion, MR proved efficient in viewing the cauda equina region.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Venous pseudothromosis of the lower leg after popliteal cyst rupture in rheumatoid arthritis].

During the course of only one year popliteal cyst ruptures simulating deep venous thrombosis were diagnosed in six patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The characteristic history and some specific physical findings are reported which are indicative of a pseudo-thrombophlebitis. Laboratory investigations were of limited value whereas a simplified contrast-arthrography demonstrated the synovial ruptures. In the rheumatoid patient a synovial cyst rupture rather than deep venous thrombosis should be primarily suspected and arthrography should be the first radiographic measure.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Multiplanar spinal anatomy: comparison of CT and cryomicrotomy in postmortem specimens.

Good anatomic knowledge is a prerequisite for correct interpretation of computed tomographic (CT) scans. To elucidate the complex CT anatomy of the spine, autopsy specimens from various spinal regions were frozen in situ to preserve the undistorted topographic anatomy. The frozen specimens were examined by CT in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes and sectioned by cryomicrotomy along the scanning planes. Photography of the section surfaces yielded detailed anatomic images that were accurately correlated with the CT scans.

Adult↗