Translaminar facet joint screws.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
W Rauschning
Publications and source records attributed to W Rauschning.
[Results of a phase II study with the new cytostatic drug carboplatin in combination with 5-fluorouracil in the primary treatment of advanced squamous cell cancers of the head and neck].
Chemotherapeutic regimens containing Cisplatin are the most effective in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Because of the high rate of dose-limiting side effects of Cisplatin, Carboplatin, a second generation Cisplatin analog, was tested in a phase II trial with 5-FU on 55 previously untreated patients with advanced carcinoma of the head and neck. The results of the completed study are: 33% CR, 54% PR, 10% NR and 4% PD. Toxic side effects were tolerable myelotoxicity as with Cisplatin/5FU, mild nausea, vomiting and nephrotoxicity. No ototoxicity was seen. Most patients showed better performance status after chemotherapy with increased body weight. These results indicate that Carboplatin/5-FU is more effective and has milder side effects than Cisplatin/5-FU.
Adult↗
Anatomic correlation of cadaver cryomicrotomy with magnetic resonance imaging.
The performance of frozen sections of a thickness varying between 5 and 50 microns in fresh undecalcified cadaveric human specimens was perfected in Sweden by one of the authors in 1983. This technique makes it possible to obtain anatomic images of high definition which were correlated with MRI sections made at intervals of 20 microns.
Cadaver↗
Normal and pathologic anatomy of the lumbar root canals.
Eighty-three degenerated human lumbar spines (274 segments) were frozen in situ, some after injection of contrast medium into the arteries or after functional positioning. No single orthogonal plane ideally displays the complex three-dimensional relationships in the long osseoligamentous lumbar root canals; detailed anatomic images were therefore obtained in axial, sagittal or coronal planes with a surface cryoplaning technique. Typical degenerative changes included bulging of the intervertebral discs, retropulsion of annulus fibrosus remnants, and the formation of sclerotic, circumferential ridges around the vertebral endplates. Osteoarthritic facet joints exhibited osteophytosis of the superior articular process, cartilage erosion, degeneration and buckling of the capsular ligamentum flavum, effusion, hemarthrosis, and derangement of meniscoid synovial folds. On extension and rotation there was significant encroachment on the nerve root complex and radicular vessels; the importance of the segmental blood circulation is discussed.
Female↗
MR imaging of the cervical spine: neurovascular anatomy.
High-resolution surface-coil MR imaging reveals intricate anatomic detail of the cervical spinal canal and its neurovascular contents. Appreciation of the normal neurovascular anatomy provides a scientific foundation for the detection of disease. Sagittal, axial, and oblique MR images of normal subjects were correlated with comparable anatomic sections obtained with a cryomicrotome whole-organ sectioning technique. The anterior epidural venous plexus is a prominent structure in the cervical spinal canal and was consistently identified both with cryomicrotomy and with MR in sagittal and axial planes. Epidural veins can be displaced and distorted in patients with cervical disk disease. Nerve roots including dorsal and ventral rootlets were consistently identified on axial images coursing through the subarachnoid space. Oblique-plane imaging showed nerve roots "en face" in their respective foramina; this may be a useful imaging technique in the diagnosis of nerve root impingement.
Cadaver↗
[Effect of thymostimulin on chemotherapy-induced changes in lymphocyte subset distribution. A longitudinal study in patients with primary inoperable oropharyngeal cancers].
20 patients with primarily inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with 2 cycles of chemotherapy prior to surgical treatment. The lymphocyte subsets were determined prior to chemotherapy, as well as directly after and 3 weeks after start of each chemotherapy cycle. For this, 2 different flow cytometric techniques were used in parallel. After the second cycle of chemotherapy 10 patients were additionally treated with thymostimulin for 2 weeks. The remaining ten patients received no additional immunotherapy and served as control group. Three patients (one in the control group and two in the verum group) had to be excluded from the study because the immunological examination could not be performed in accordance with the protocol. In addition another patient had a local skin reaction so that thymostimulin therapy could not be started as allergy to bovine proteins was suspected. Prior to the first chemotherapy treatment, there is no detectable defect in the distribution of lymphocyte subsets. Under chemotherapy treatment the absolute number of Pan-T cells, T-helper cells, T-suppressor cells and Leu-10 positive B-cells decreased. In contrast, additional treatment with thymostimulin directly after the chemotherapeutic regimen resulted in a marked increase of all T-lymphocytes as well as the Leu-10-positive cells. The results measured with two different flow cytometric techniques were comparable.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Magnetic resonance imaging of the brainstem and cranial nerves.
Ten normal human volunteers and 44 patients with pathology of the brainstem or cranial nerves were scanned using a. 3 Tesla permanent MR imaging system. MR images were obtained of the cranial nerves and brainstem using various spin-echo pulse sequences and scanning planes. 4 mm thick sections with .75 mm pixels on a 256 display matrix were used whenever possible. The normal MR images were correlated with thin section cryodissection specimens of fresh human cadavers. Brainstem structures including major nuclei and tracts were then identified. The cranial nerves were followed through the subarachnoid cisterns and the base of the skull. Pathological involvement of the brainstem by tumors, infarcts, and demyelinating disease was well shown and correlated with clinical findings. Examples of optic glioma, fifth, eighth, and twelfth nerve schwannomas as well as other cranial nerve pathology were also demonstrated. Magnetic resonance produces excellent images of cranial nerves and brainstem with high contrast resolution. Unlike CT, there is no beam hardening artifact from bone. T1 weighted images maximize brainstem-CSF contrast and are useful for demonstrating the external anatomy of the brainstem and cranial nerves. The T2 weighted images show internal brainstem anatomy, CSF within neural foramina, and highlight many pathological conditions.
Adult↗
MR imaging of the lumbar spine: anatomic correlations and the effects of technical variations.
A correlative anatomic study, a retrospective review of MR images performed in 35 patients, and a series of tests of the effectiveness of various MR scanning techniques were performed in order to improve comprehension of lumbar spine anatomy depicted on MR images, and thereby facilitate development of an optimal scanning protocol. Correlation of MR images with cryomicrotomed cadaver specimens enhanced understanding of the MR depiction of the intervertebral disks, ligamentum flavum, nerve roots, epidural fat, and epidural veins. Experiments were performed to assess the efficacy of a surface coil applied to the back, a solenoidal surface coil, a standard body coil, and an abdominal compression device in optimizing image quality. Experiments were also performed to determine the effect of alterations in the pulse sequence and variations of the phase-encoding axis. Based on these results, a protocol is proposed for routine imaging of the lumbar spine that yields high-resolution sagittal and oblique images and that does not require a surface coil. The recommended protocol employs heavily T1-weighted images with phase encoding along the z axis for sagittal images and along the x axis for axial images. This protocol yields multiple sagittal and oblique axial images through each of the lumbar disks, a larger field of view than obtained with surface coils, and a reduction of total imaging time to as little as 10 min.
Cadaver↗
Surface cryoplaning. A technique for clinical anatomical correlations.
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Anatomy↗
Anatomic correlations of magnetic resonance images with cadaver cryosections.
The authors present here a correlation of the normal anatomy of the pelvis, as depicted by MRI in multiple planes, with corresponding cadaveric specimens.
Cadaver↗
Magnetic resonance imaging of the brainstem: normal structure and basic functional anatomy.
Normal structure and basic functional anatomy of the brainstem were studied using anatomic sections obtained with a cryomicrotome whole-organ sectioning technique. Major tracts and nuclei were identified and their function summarized. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brainstem was performed on 10 normal volunteers. By comparing these images with the corresponding anatomic sections, normal structures, including major tracts and nuclei, were identified. Knowledge of location and function of clinically important brainstem nuclei and tracts is necessary for optimal magnetic resonance image interpretation.
Brain Stem↗
High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the knee joint: normal anatomy.
Excellent morphologic detail was depicted in thin-section, high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained with the use of a solenoid surface coil specifically designed for the knee joint. The multiplanar anatomy of the knee was determined by correlating MR images of six fresh cadavers and 10 normal adult knees with corresponding photographs of cryoplaned specimens and by a cross-referencing multiplanar imaging technique.
Adult↗
The normal conus medullaris: CT criteria for recognition.
The normal CT configuration and dimension of the conus medullaris and adjacent spinal cord were determined in 30 patients who had no clinical evidence of conus compression. CT studies were also correlated with anatomic sections in cadavers. The normal conus on CT has a distinctive oval configuration, an anterior sulcus, and a posterior promontory. The anteroposterior diameter ranged from 5 to 8 mm; the transverse diameter from 8 to 11 mm. Intramedullary processes altered both the dimensions and configuration of the conus.
Astrocytoma↗
Effect of nisoldipine on electrophysiological parameters in patients pretreated with beta-blockers.
The effect of the new 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonist nisoldipine on electrophysiological parameters was investigated in 10 patients who were pretreated with a beta-blocker. 9 patients received atenolol (75 mg/d) and 1 patient pindolol (15 mg/d) at least for three days prior to the electro-physiological study. Before and after the intravenous injection of nisoldipine (1.5 micrograms/kg body weight) the sinus node function (spontaneous sinus node cycle length, sinus node recovery time, rate corrected sinus node recovery time), the conduction times from the high right atrium to the apex of the right ventricle, and the refractoriness of the different compartments of the heart were assessed. Arterial blood pressure was measured with the cuff method. Nisoldipine induced a slight but significant increase of the heart rate without effecting the blood pressure significantly. All other measured electrophysiological parameters remained unaltered, especially the conduction time of the av node. It is concluded that concerning electrophysiology nisoldipine can safely be combined with beta-blockers because this calcium antagonist does not exert an electrophysiological effect.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
Isokinetic knee extension strength and pain before and after advancement osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity.
In 30 patients with patellofemoral chondromalacia and osteoarthrosis the maximal isokinetic knee extension strength was measured. The pain evoked during the recordings was rated on a nine-grade scale. The peak extension torques were markedly lower than in the non-diseased knee and in a reference group of healthy volunteers. Twenty months after advancement of the tibial tuberosity, the muscle strength was significantly increased and pain significantly alleviated, well parallelling the clinical improvement. Intra-articular anaesthesia almost instantaneously increased the knee extension torque considerably, although knee pain was unchanged.
Adult↗
Isokinetic knee extension strength and pain before and after correction of recurrent patellar dislocation.
The maximal isokinetic knee extension strength was measured in 20 patients before and after surgical correction of recurrent dislocations of the patella and the pain evoked during the recordings was rated. The preoperative muscle strength was significantly higher and pain was less severe than in a previously studied group of patients with chondromalacia or patellofemoral osteoarthrosis. Twenty months after patella realignment by a new surgical procedure including an extensive lateral release and anteromedial displacement of the tibial tuberosity by an oblique osteotomy through the anterior crest of the tibia, a significant decrease of patellofemoral pain and a slight increase of muscle strength was noted.
Adolescent↗
Correlative craniospinal anatomy studies by computed tomography and cryomicrotomy.
To produce accurate correlating anatomical reference material, fresh frozen craniospinal cadaver specimens were examined in a computed tomography (CT) scanner and sectioned through on a large-format cryomicrotome in the identical plane. Macrophotography of the surface of the specimen during the course of trimming rendered undistorted sectional--anatomical images showing in great detail the morphological structures of the corresponding CT scan.
Brain↗
Computed tomography and cryomicrotomy of lumbar spine specimens. A new technique for multiplanar anatomic correlation.
To produce undistorted anatomic material accurately correlating with multiplanar computed tomograms of the lumbar spine, frozen cadaver specimens were embedded in well-defined positions and examined in a high resolution CT scanner in axial, coronal, sagittal and oblique projections and subsequently sectioned through in the same plane on a heavy-duty cryomicrotome. Photography of the slightly thawed surface of the specimens at cutting-height intervals corresponding to the feed of the scanner rendered anatomic images in natural colours and with excellent detail resolution. The accurate coincidence of the plane of cryosectioning with the plane of the computed tomography (CT) permits a detailed morphologic evaluation of CT scans in different projections.
Frozen Sections↗