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Biomedical subjects

W R Schumm

Publications and source records attributed to W R Schumm.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Relations of spanking and other parenting characteristics to self-esteem and perceived fairness of parental discipline.

Punishment has long been a controversial topic in psychology, perhaps partly because its effects are different under different circumstances. This study used retrospective reports from college students to examine the effects of spanking, a common aversive punishment, on self-esteem and perceived fairness of parental discipline, while taking the effects of other parental characteristics into account. No parental characteristic interacted with the slightly negative effect of spanking on self-esteem and fairness. However, controlling for positive communication or for a parent-oriented motivation for spanking eliminated the negative effects of spanking, suggesting that the negative effects reflected use of spanking as a replacement for positive communication with the child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The degree of family orientation perceived by mothers, fathers, and adolescents.

Data were collected from mothers, fathers, and adolescents in 83 rural and 93 urban families on the degree of family orientation in each subject's self-reported attitudes. Based upon t tests between mothers and fathers, mothers and adolescents, and fathers and adolescents, differences in attitudes about the degree of family orientation among family members were explored. The data were further analyzed for rural-urban differences. Significant family differences were found on eight of ten questions. Mothers demonstrated the highest degree of family orientation. Fathers were often the most individualistic in their total attitudes. Adolescents wanted to be autonomous but still retain the security of knowing that they had family-oriented parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Premarital counseling as perceived by newlywed couples: an exploratory study.

Ten couples from a marriage enrichment program for newlyweds and 68 female graduates from a high school course on family life were surveyed about their involvement in and their perceptions of the effectiveness of premarital counseling for preparing them for the realities of married life. Perceived effectiveness of premarital counseling was found to be related to duration of counseling in hours and to the degree to which the program was seen as voluntary. Perceived effectiveness was not consistently related to the duration of courtship. Suggestions for future research with larger samples are presented, along with recommendations for program design in premarital counseling programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Construct validity of the marital communication inventory.

The Marital Communication Inventory (MCI) is an extremely popular self-report measure of marital communication that has been used in over 65 dissertations and empirical articles since 1970, including several recent clinical reports that used the MCI as a principal outcome measure. However, contrary to its treatment in the clinical literature as a unidimensional, valid measure of treatment outcome, the MCI appears to be a multidimensional instrument, whose primary dimension may not be a specific style or method of communication. Using a canonical correlation analysis of data from over 200 midwestern wives, we compared MCI subscales with subscales from an abbreviated version of the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory (RI). Results supported the hypothesis that the primary dimension of the MCI is more closely associated with positive regard than with the more specific communication dimensions of either empathy or congruence as measured by the RI. Future clinical research in the improvement of marital communication should use the MCI in a much more careful way in order to provide the most valid outcome data.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perceived premarital counseling outcomes among recently married army personnel.

Data from 1,285 recently married soldiers who participated in the 1989 Army Family Research Program survey indicated that premarital counseling by itself had little effect on subsequent marital satisfaction. However, those who had premarital counseling were more likely to use marital and family therapy services, at both subclinical and clinical levels of distress, than others who had not had such counseling before marriage.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Premarital counseling and marital satisfaction among civilian wives of military service members.

Wives' marital satisfaction was evaluated as a function of a premarital counseling typology in an analysis of data from several thousand military couples surveyed in 1992. Among couples who jointly reported participation in premarital counseling, results indicated that both having premarital counseling and reporting higher satisfaction with the counseling experience were associated with higher levels of marital satisfaction. Among couples who disagreed about having had premarital counseling, results were still favorable but less consistent. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving practice in marriage preparation.

Developments over the past 2 decades concerning research on marriage preparation programs are reviewed. Suggestions for designing effective programs are presented. Issues reviewed include assessing client needs, the timing and duration of programs, formats and methods, program content, provider characteristics, and promotion and marketing strategies.

Female↗