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Biomedical subjects

W R Murray

Publications and source records attributed to W R Murray.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone imaging in the evaluation of total hip prostheses.

A retrospective study was performed to determine the accuracy of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone imaging in the evaluation of total hip arthrosplasty for lossening and/or infection. Using focally increased activity at the tip of the femoral component or in the region of the acetabular component as a criterion, the examination was 77% specific and 100% sensitive for loosening and/or infection. A possible explanation for the increased uptake at the tip of the femoral component and the role of this examination in the management of a painful total hip prosthesis are discussed.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Giant trichobezoar--an unusual case.

It has been known for several thousand years that concretions of animal and vegetable matter form in the stomachs and intestines of certain animals. These objects are known as bezoars. The finding of such curiosities in man is also recognised but is rare. A short history of bezoars is given and a case of a giant trichobezoar reported. The medical, surgical and psychiatric aspects are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Hypotensive anesthesia for total hip arthroplasty: a study of blood loss and organ function (brain, heart, liver, and kidney).

The authors attempted to determine whether hypotensive anesthesia or the method of inducing hypotension has any effect on postoperative brain, liver, or kidney function and myocardial status following total hip arthroplasty. Thirty patients were anesthestized with halothane-nitrous oxide for total hip arthroplasty and randomly assigned to one of three groups. In two groups mean arterial blood pressure was decreased to 50 torr by high inspired concentrations of halothane (n = 90) or sodium nitroprusside (n = 12). In the third group (n = 9) mean blood pressure was maintained within 20% of control. Intraoperative blood losses decreased from 1,183 +/- 172 ml in the normotensive group to 406 +/- 102 ml and 326 +/- 41 ml in the halothane and nitroprusside hypotensive groups, respectively. Neither method of inducing hypotension nor hypertensive technique affected the results of postoperative tests of cerebral, hepatic, or renal function and myocardial status. These tests were performed before anesthesia and operation and at intervals in the postoperative course. In this small group of patients, deliberate hypotension for total hip arthroplasty added no morbidity and significantly shortened operating time, decreased blood loss, and decreased the number of blood transfusions needed.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Aluminium hydroxide in bile-salt diarrhoea.

The treatment of choleraic diarrhoea remains a problem. Cholestyramine is effective but long-term treatment is often impracticable. In-vitro studies have shown that aluminium hydroxide has bile-acid-binding properties comparable with those of cholestyramine. The bile-acid-binding properties of aluminium hydroxide have now been investigated in vivo and applied to the treatment of patients with choleraic diarrhoea. Aluminium hydroxide increased the faecal bile-salt concentration of patients with a normal bowel habit whereas magnesium hydroxide had no effect. Eight patients with severe choleraic diarrhoea were treated with aluminium-hydroxide suspension: bowel motion became less frequent and daily faecal weight fell.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The amylase creatinine clearance ratio in acute pancreatitis.

One hundred and twenty-two patients have been studied in order to evaluate the usefulness of the amylase creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR) as a simple diagnostic test for acute pancreatitis. Sixteen out of 17 patients with acute pancreatitis had significant elevations in ACCR; in only 10 of these 17 cases was the serum amylase greater than 1200iu/l. The mean ACCR was within the normal range in control patients, in patients with chronic gastro-intestinal disease and in patients with acute abdominal conditions excluding pancreatitis; however, the mean serum amylase was significantly greater in patients with acute abdominal conditions than in the control group (P less than 0-05). The ACCR remained significantly elevated in patients with acute pancreatitis for longer than either serum or urine amylase values. The findings of the study suggest that the amylase creatinine clearance ratio is a simple yet reliable diagnostic test which could be used when screening patients suspected of having acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Head injury admissions to a teaching hospital.

A prospective study of head injury admissions to a city teaching hospital over one year has shown that most were minor. Of the 918 patients, 85% were discharged within 48 hours, only 3% required definitive neurosurgical care, and the overall mortality was 2%. Most cases came to hospital after 5.00 p.m. especially at the weekend. Head injuries accounted for almost one-third of emergency admissions to male general surgical wards.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Patellar giant cell tumor.

Primary patellar neoplasms are distinctly unusual. A rare case of patellar giant cell tumor which caused clinical, radiographic, and histologic confusion is described. The lesion progressed rapidly, underscoring the potential aggressive behavior of the tumor. Amputation is the preferred treatment. A review of the literature is also presented.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

The relationship between alcohol and head injury and its effect on the conscious level.

The incidence of head injury has risen in recent years and now accounts for almost one-third of acute male surgical admissions to the Western Infirmary, Glasgow. A prospective study has established that in Glasgow alcohol is a major associated factor, 62% of males and 27% of females having detectable levels in the blood (greater than 5 mg/100 ml); in these patients the mean level was 193 mg/100 ml in men and 165 mg/100 ml in women. The alcohol level was significantly higher in patients who had had 'a fall under the influence', or had been the victims of an assault, than in those involved in traffic or other accidents. This suggests that alcohol may be an important contributroy cause of head injuries in this city. Depression of the conscious level occurred at blood alcohol levels aroung 200 mg/100 ml, but a significant number of patients in coma had a serious head injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The surgical management of ingrowing toenail.

A retrospective review has been carried out on 200 randomly selected patients with ingrowing toenail in order to assess the surgical management and its results. There was a predominance of males between the ages of 11 and 30 with an ingrowing toenail. Despite the high recurrence rate following simple avulsion of the toenail, its place in the initial management of the condition is justified. As regards more definitive surgery, total proximal nail bed ablation was found to give the best results. Sepsis at the time of operation neither increased the recurrence rate nor caused severe postoperative sepsis. A surgical management policy for the treatment of ingrowing toenail is outlined and discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Arthrography for the assessment of pain after total hip replacement. A comparison of arthrographic findings in patients with and without pain.

Arthrography in twenty-five painful hips of twenty-one patients after total hip replacement and in fifty-three asymptomatic hips of forty-two patients after this procedure showed that arthrographic evidence of loosening was not always associated with pain. More than one-fifth of the asymptomatic hips had arthrographic evidence of loosening. Furthermore, the loosening shown by arthrogram could be confirmed in only seven of twelve hips that were subsequently explored. In addition, there was no apparent relationship between arthrographic loosening and the presence of a Trendelenburg sign. This study casts doubt on the value of an arthrogram in the diagnosis of the cause of pain after total hip replacement.

Hip↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Onychocryptosis: principles of non-operative and operative care.

Onychocryptosis has many causal factors which contribute to the impingement of the nail edge with the soft tissue nail wall. The treatment protocol for ingrown toenail includes a regimen of conservative care, nail plate avulsion and nail bed ablation.

Adult↗