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Biomedical subjects

W R Jones

Publications and source records attributed to W R Jones.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Comparison of transabdominal and transvaginal pelvic ultrasonography for ovarian follicle assessment in in vitro fertilisation.

The emergence of transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval provided an opportunity to review and improve the traditional transabdominal ultrasonic approach for follicular tracking in in vitro fertilisation (IVF). This technique requires a full bladder, which may cause extreme discomfort. Hence, to provide both effective and comfortable monitoring, we instituted a study comparing transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography, with regard to patient preference and follicular number, size and dominance, in patients undergoing IVF and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). Commencing usually on day 9 of the treatment cycle, 45 patients were scanned on 55 occasions, initially abdominally (with a full bladder) and subsequently vaginally, using a transvaginal 7.5 MHz sector transducer. Follicular number was identical in 78% of cases, with the majority of the remaining patients showing an extra follicle on vaginal assessment. There were no significant differences in overall or dominant follicular diameters with either technique. Overall, 85% unashamedly preferred the vaginal approach. We believe that tracking follicular development in IVF treatment cycles is efficient and popular using the vaginal sector transducer and accordingly have ceased all assessments using the abdominal probe. Subsequently, 450 follicle scans have been performed with virtually the unanimous approval of our patients.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1987

Identification of extra-villous trophoblast cells in human decidua using an apparently unique murine monoclonal antibody to trophoblast.

Murine monoclonal antibodies were raised to human first trimester trophoblast cells. Eleven antibodies reacted with first trimester trophoblast, tested by immunoperoxidase staining on frozen sections, but only one had apparent specificity for trophoblast after examining reactivities with a panel of other cells and tissues. This antibody, designated FD0161G, bound selectively to syncytiotrophoblast and non-villous trophoblast in first trimester and term placentae. Villous cytotrophoblast was negative. This was clearly demonstrated on freeze-dried, paraffin embedded tissue sections which have superior architecture to frozen sections. FD0161G reacted with extra-villous trophoblast cells in human decidua which are also delineated by a monoclonal anti-cytokeratin antibody. Unlike the latter, however, FD0161G did not react with decidual glands. Thus FD0161G could be used as a specific probe for extra-villous trophoblast in decidual tissue.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Monoclonal antibodies to human trophoblast and sperm antigens: report of two WHO-sponsored workshops, June 30, 1986--Toronto, Canada.

Two WHO-sponsored workshops were recently held to obtain a consensus view from researchers active in the field of reproductive immunology on the current status of the application of monoclonal antibodies to studies of molecular events underlying reproduction and to determine the feasibility of using this approach to identify trophoblast- or sperm-specific antigens that might represent suitable candidates for the development of antifertility vaccines. A total of 66 mouse monoclonal antibodies reacting with human sperm and 45 monoclonal antibodies reacting with human trophoblast membrane components were submitted by 29 laboratories. These were evaluated in coded form by 42 laboratories with the appropriate expertise in biochemistry, immunohistology and tests of reproductive cell function. The majority of both anti-sperm and anti-trophoblast monoclonal antibodies cross-reacted with cellular elements in non-reproductive tissues. However, at least five monoclonal antibodies (two anti-trophoblast and three anti-sperm) appeared to demonstrate sufficient specificity to warrant further investigation as reagents for the identification of antifertility vaccine candidates.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Monoclonal antibody production by hybridoma growth in Freund's adjuvant primed mice.

Incomplete Freund's adjuvant was used as a priming agent prior to the injection of hybridoma cells in mice to expand monoclonal antibody production. Two hybridoma cell lines, FDO28B (IgG1) and FDO31C (IgM), which produce monoclonal antibodies reactive towards human placenta, were used. Monoclonal antibody was detected in the ascites fluids by agarose gel electrophoresis. It was found that the time interval between adjuvant priming and cell injection could be reduced to 1 day, allowing collection of ascites fluid containing monoclonal antibody within 2 weeks of priming. In addition, as few as 1 X 10(5) hybridoma cells were needed to collect approximately 5-7 ml of ascites fluid containing antibody detectable by gel electrophoresis. Thus priming with incomplete Freund's adjuvant enables production of large amounts of monoclonal antibody in a short time using a low number of hybridoma cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Ultrasonic measurement of fetal femoral length in singleton and twin pregnancies.

The fetal femoral length and biparietal diameter were measured by ultrasound on 1657 occasions in 1289 singleton pregnancies between 12 and 41 weeks' gestation. Mean values for fetal femoral length were significantly lower than those demonstrated in previous studies, with the difference becoming greater approaching term. Three hundred twenty-two measurements of fetal femoral length were made on 57 patients with twin pregnancies, with no significant difference noted between the means of these recordings and the means of the singleton pregnancies.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1986

A reevaluation of the ferning test to detect ruptured membranes.

The ferning test for the detection of amniotic fluid, when first described, was reported to have no false positive results. Despite this and after initial enthusiasm it has never achieved widespread use. The test is easy to perform but interpretation requires care, and it is necessary to identify potentially confusing crystallization patterns to avoid false positive results. A reevaluation of the test is presented and a hitherto unrecognized false positive reaction due to an antiseptic solution is reported.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1986

Distribution of charged sites on lymphatic endothelium.

The charge distribution on the luminal and abluminal aspects of fixed and living lymphatic endothelium was examined with particular emphasis on the endocytotic vesicular system and interendothelial junctions. Native ferritin (NF; pl = 4.5), when administered abluminally to perfused lymphatics, entered endocytotic vesicles and abluminal and luminal caveolae; NF was also found in intercellular channels, in contrast, NF when applied luminally was largely excluded from both luminal caveolae and intercellular channels. Cationic ferritin (CF; pl = 8.4) bound to the discontinuous basal lamina and to the abluminal plasma membrane, clustering preferentially around the stomata of abluminal caveolae. CF did not, however, bind to the plasma membrane of, or enter, either the vesicular system or intercellular channels, when administered abluminally. When added to the perfusion fluid CF bound to the luminal membrane and to the infundibula of intercellular channels. Ruthenium red (RR) and alcian blue (AB), both cationic stains, bound intensely to the luminal membrane and much less so to the abluminal surface, thus simulating the binding pattern of CF. Unlike CF, however, RR and AB bound to the membranes of abluminal and luminal caveolae with the same level of staining as to the plasma membrane to which they were attached. These results reflect a marked asymmetry in the membrane charge characteristics of endothelial cells.

Alcian Blue↗
PubMed1986

Cell surface antigens of human trophoblast: definition of an apparently unique system with a monoclonal antibody.

An epitope with apparent specificity for the surface of human syncytiotrophoblast was defined by a murine monoclonal antibody, FDO46B (IgG1, kappa). The epitope was predominantly expressed during the first trimester of pregnancy. Binding was detected on frozen tissue sections and on cultured trophoblast by the immunoperoxidase technique. It was also detected on the surface of a small percentage (less than 10%) of cultured choriocarcinoma cells (JEG-3). A panel of human tissues was negative, as were normal and malignant human lymphocytes. The antigen bearing the FDO46B epitope was still expressed by trophoblast after culture in the presence of tunicamycin, indicating that it is possibly protein in nature. This antigen may have potential utility as a target for a contraceptive vaccine.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

An analysis of the LH profile in relation to ovarian stimulation regimes and embryo transfer rates in an in vitro fertilisation programme.

A total of 128 patients undergoing 250 in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment cycles were studied to determine the relationship between ovarian stimulation regime, the status of the oestradiol levels in the 2 days prior to human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration and/or the onset of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, and the outcome of treatment cycles. The results demonstrated that hCG administration significantly improved the embryo transfer (ET) and pregnancy rates, although the mean interval between cessation of human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG), and the onset of the LH surge also influenced the ET rate. hMG in conjunction with clomiphene citrate did not suppress the endogenous LH surge but enhanced the oestradiol levels in the 2 days prior to hCG administration and/or the onset of the LH surge. In stimulated cycles the diurnal rhythm of urinary LH surges was abolished. Finally, in certain patients, the LH pattern appeared to be repeated in sequential treatment cycles.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1985

Peritoneal fluid 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha levels in women with endometriosis.

Peritoneal fluid was collected from women undergoing investigations for infertility at laparoscopy performed during the luteal phase. The volume of fluid was recorded and concentrations of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha were determined by radioimmunoassay. No difference was found in either the total amount or the concentration of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha in the women with or without endometriosis. Furthermore, there was no difference in the volume of peritoneal fluid between these two groups of women. We conclude that 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha in peritoneal fluid is not associated with macroscopically visible endometriosis.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1985

Prenatal diagnosis. A preliminary study of first-trimester chorionic villous biopsy.

Biopsy of the developing placenta before the thirteenth gestational week was performed by transcervical cannula aspiration guided by real-time ultrasound in 21 consecutive patients. Chorionic villi were obtained in 20 patients and chromosomal analysis was possible in 19. One significant complication occurred: perforation of one gestational sac in the only patient in the series with a twin pregnancy. More studies are required in order to provide an adequate assessment of the risk--of fetal loss, culture failure and trophoblastic chromosomal abnormalities not representative of the mature fetus--associated with the technique. In practised hands, the procedure may provide a preferable and safe alternative to amino-centesis and fetoscopy for the prenatal diagnosis of genetic defects.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

A rapid RIA for LH in serum and first morning void urine--application in an AID programme.

A rapid luteinizing hormone (LH) radioimmunoassay, with a 40-min incubation time, has been described and was used to measure the serum and urinary LH profiles in 92 menstrual cycles. A comparison of LH concentrations in first morning voiding (FMV) urine samples demonstrated that the pre-ovulatory LH peak in urine could be detected within 24 h of that in serum and that its offset was somewhat prolonged. FMV urine samples may be used as a convenient alternative to serum for the monitoring of artificial insemination by donor (AID) cycles.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Anti-sperm antibodies, detected by agglutination, immobilization, microcytotoxicity and immunobead-binding assays.

To determine the reliability of tests currently utilized in the detection of sperm-reactive antibodies, sera were provided as unknowns and studied without knowledge of the clinical histories. Four laboratories performed tray agglutination tests (TAT), three complement-dependent immobilization (SIT), and single laboratories sperm cytotoxicity (SCT), passive haemagglutination (PHA) and immunobead binding (IBB). Most investigators demonstrated an excellent correlation between duplicate sample results. Nearly all of the female sera were free of anti-sperm antibodies and positive results did not appear in greater frequency in women with unexplained infertility as compared with other categories. For the male sera, the highest incidence of anti-sperm antibodies in the infertile group (21% positive for sperm-reactive IgGs) was obtained by immunobead binding. The GAT and TAT results gave 7 and 12% positives, except for lower results in one laboratory. Sperm-reactive antibodies were detected most commonly in vasectomized men, with all assays except SCT and PHA. Of the newer techniques studied, IBB results correlated well with TAT, GAT and SIT, while SCT and PHA did not, suggesting that a different group of antibodies, perhaps directed against other sperm-associated antigens, was being detected by the latter procedures. In this light, emphasis was placed on the need to validate whether results of particular methodologies correlated with impaired sperm function and to develop methods that provided evidence for this premise, either on the basis of clinical criteria or altered gamete interaction in vitro.

Antibodies↗