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Biomedical subjects

W R Ghent

Publications and source records attributed to W R Ghent.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Different tissue responses for iodine and iodide in rat thyroid and mammary glands.

This research describes the effects of short-term elemental iodine (I2) and iodide (I-) replacement on thyroid glands and mammary glands of iodine-deficient (ID) Sprague-Dawley female rats. Iodine deficiency causes atypical tissue and physiologic changes in both glands. Tissue histopathology and the endocrine metabolic parameters, such as serum TT4, tissue and body weights, and vaginal smears, are compared. A moderate reduction in thyroid size from the ID control (IDC) was noted with both I- and I2, whereas serum total thyroxine approached the normal control with both I- and I2, but was lower in IDC. Thyroid gland IDC hyperplasia was reduced modestly with I2, but eliminated with I-. Lobular hyperplasia of the mammary glands decreased with I2 and increased with I- when compared with the IDC; extraductal secretions remained the same as IDC with I2, but increased with I-; and periductal fibrosis was markedly reduced with I2, but remained severe with I-. Thus, orally administered I2 or I- in trace doses with similar iodine availability caused different histopathological and endocrine patterns in thyroid and mammary glands of ID rats. The significance of this is that replacement therapy with various forms of iodine are tissue-specific.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Iodine replacement in fibrocystic disease of the breast.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the response of patients with fibrocystic breast disease to iodine replacement therapy. DESIGN: Review of three clinical studies beginning in 1975: an uncontrolled study with sodium iodide and protein-bound iodide; a prospective, control, crossover study from iodide to molecular iodine; and a prospective, control, double-blind study with molecular iodine. SETTING: University affiliated breast-treatment clinics. PATIENTS: Study 1: 233 volunteers received sodium iodide for 2 years and 588 received protein-bound iodide for 5 years. Study 2: the treatment of 145 patients from study 1 treated with protein-bound iodide for several months who still had symptoms was switched to molecular iodine 0.08 mg/kg; 108 volunteers were treated initially with molecular iodine. Study 3: 23 patients received molecular iodine, 0.07 to 0.09 mg/kg body weight; 33 received an aqueous mixture of brown vegetable dye and quinine. The numbers in study 2 increased over the review period so that 1365 volunteers were being treated with molecular iodine by 1989. INTERVENTIONS: All patients in study 3 had pre- and post-treatment mammography and measurement of serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjective evaluation--freedom from pain--and objective evaluation--resolution of fibrosis. RESULTS: Study 1: 70% of subjects treated with sodium iodide had clinical improvement in their breast disease, but the rate of side effects was high; 40% of patients treated with protein-bound iodide had clinical improvement. Study 2: 74% of patients in the crossover series had clinical improvement, and objective improvement was noted in 72% of those who received molecular iodine initially. Study 3: in the treatment group 65% had subjective and objective improvement; in the control group there was a subjective placebo effect in 33% and an objective deterioration of 3%. CONCLUSIONS: The fibrocystic breast reacts differently to sodium iodide, protein-bound iodide and molecular iodine. Molecular iodine is nonthyrotropic and was the most beneficial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Systemic cystic angiomatosis in a woman with hematuria and splenomegaly.

Cutaneous hemangiomas are frequently found on routine clinical examination and generally are not important. But when internal organs are involved, these vascular tumours assume greater importance because of associated morbidity. A case is presented of multiple organ involvement by angiomas in a woman with a history of flank hemangioma who was investigated for hematuria and splenomegaly. She subsequently underwent splenectomy. The uncommon systemic syndromes characterized by vascular tumours are discussed, and the case reported is appropriately classified. The clinical picture, pathologic features and investigations appropriate for systemic cystic angiomatosis are briefly reviewed. The authors recommend conservative management when there is splenic involvement unless the size of the spleen makes its rupture likely or when there are hematologic complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy with the Infusaid pump: a Canadian experience.

Hepatic artery infusion of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUDR), utilizing the implantable "Infusaid pump", was used to treat 16 patients with diffuse hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Pump implantation was associated with minimal morbidity and no deaths. The pumps have now been in use for 190 treatment-months without serious complication. Six patients died of cancer between 3 and 26 months (mean 13 months) after insertion of the pump. Five died with recurrent disease outside the liver. Ten patients were alive 6 to 17 months (mean 12 months) after pump implantation. Follow-up ultrasonography in 13 patients documented regression of hepatic lesions in 7, no change in 4 and progression in 2. Regional perfusion chemotherapy can be instituted safely and treatment carries acceptable morbidity. Survival is prolonged relative to historic controls. Death ultimately occurs because of distant metastases. True assessment of the efficacy of this therapy demands prospective randomized trials of regional perfusion versus conventional therapy, with care to incorporate objective means of assessing quality of life during treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Family violence: guidelines for recognition and management.

Chronic and intermittent abuse of one family member by another is common. Victims may be children who are sexually or physically abused, wives or live-in partners, or older relatives. Physicians are often the first points of contact for patients who have been abused, but the abuse is frequently concealed by the victims. Physicians should be alert to signs of battering such as bruises in various stages of healing, unusual behaviour in children and interpersonal difficulties in the family. There are a number of options in prevention and treatment, including referral to social service and legal authorities, calling on other resources in the family and helping the individual develop coping skills. This review also lists a large number of social agencies in Canada that are willing to help victims of abuse.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type II: a combined surgical and genetic approach to treatment.

A family with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type II living in southeastern Ontario is described. Twenty individuals are known to have had medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pheochromocytoma or both, the diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia. type II is strongly suspected in five other individuals in the earlier generations. In this family the diseases seems to be transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene. A screening program set up for the family in 1977 has in 2 years identified four asymptomatic individuals (three with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and one with this carcinoma and a pheochromocytoma). The family background, clinical picture, treatment and some of the problems of the screening program are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Disaster.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Canada↗
PubMed1976

A numerical method of evaluating and categorizing hospital emergency departments.

The capabilities of individual hospital emergency departments participating in an emergency medical services system must be evaluated as the first step im improving the services in the region. By means of a weighted point-scoring method, personnel, facilities, equipment and organization can be assessed and the department categorized. This not only provides an evaluation of the present status of the department but also sets standards for improvement. Categorization provides the basis for regionalization of services, whereby each department has a defined responsibility to provide treatment of specified sophistication.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗