Biomedical subjects

W P Mauldin

Publications and source records attributed to W P Mauldin.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of contraceptive use: trends and issues.

This article discusses the sources of data for estimates of contraceptive use, including their reliability and validity. Data from sample surveys and from censuses are presented by countries from the 1960s to the present time. Tables on proportions of users by method of contraception for various time periods are included. The relationship between contraceptive use and level of fertility is also shown. Contraceptive use has increased rapidly in much of Asia and Latin America, but much less so in Arab countries and sub-Saharan Africa. Worldwide, about 400 million of the 800-850 million married couples of reproductive age practice contraception; of these, about 340 million use a modern method. Sterilization is the most widely practiced method of contraception in the world, with tubal ligations far outnumbering vasectomies.

Contraception↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive prevalence: the influence of organized family planning programs.

Estimates of contraceptive prevalence for the period 1977-1983 are presented for 73 less developed countries. Socioeconomic conditions are associated with much of the variance in prevalence, but organized family planning programs strengthened this association significantly. The average percent of couples in the reproductive ages practicing fertility regulation is 26, with the range from 4 to 55 percent between the low and high socioeconomic groups of countries, and from 7 to 59 percent between groups of countries with very weak (if any) to strong family planning program effort.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prospects and programs for fertility reduction, 1990-2015.

What is the likelihood that each of the 37 developing countries with populations of 15 million or more in 1990 will reach replacement fertility by the year 2015? These countries have a combined population of 3.9 billion, 91 percent of the population of all developing countries. For this article, a composite index was used as the basis for predicting future levels of total fertility. The index was constructed from socioeconomic variables (life expectancy at birth, infant mortality rates, percent adult literacy, ratio of children enrolled in primary or secondary school, percent of the labor force in nonagricultural occupations, gross national product per capita, and percent of the population living in urban areas), total fertility rates for the years 1985-90, total fertility rate decline from 1960-65 to 1985-90, family planning program effort scores in 1989, and the level of contraceptive prevalence in 1990. Eight countries are classified as certain to reach replacement fertility by 2015, and an additional thirteen probably will also. Five countries are classified as possibly reaching replacement fertility, and eleven as unlikely to do so.

Birth Rate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Direct and judgmental measures of family planning program inputs.

This report compares two different approaches to measuring the strength of family planning programs in Bangladesh and Kenya. The first approach, the judgmental approach, has been used in a number of studies during the past two decades; scores on the characteristics of family planning programs are derived from the responses knowledgeable persons give to a series of questions. The second approach is to obtain direct measures of each item being considered. In Bangladesh, the total score varied trivially between the direct and the judgmental approaches. In Kenya, the total direct score was substantially higher than the judgmental score. The primary advantage of the judgmental approach is that comparative scores can be obtained for a larger number of countries for the same time period at a much lower cost than would be required by the direct approach.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Family planning programs: efforts and results, 1972-94.

In this article, time trends and differentials for family planning program effort are presented for most developing countries for 1972, 1982, 1989, and 1994. Overall program effort for the developing world increased sharply from 1972 to 1982, and again from 1982 to 1989, but only modestly thereafter. Some countries had already reached ceiling levels. A few with very low fertility rates deliberately weakened their programs, and other programs deteriorated for reasons that are unclear. On the other hand, within the small overall rise, numerous countries with weak programs improved their scores substantially. Regions with the lowest 1989 ratings improved the most, mainly on policy positions, and they improved least on availability of contraceptive methods. The relationship of program strength to socioeconomic setting has steadily weakened across the 22-year period studied. The stronger programs overall are stronger on essentially all 30 features of effort. Programs that have improved over the years have changed to resemble the profiles of the stronger programs.

Developing Countries↗