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Biomedical subjects

W Opferkuch

Publications and source records attributed to W Opferkuch.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Is resistance to antibiotics changing? Development of resistance of Enterobactericeae from specimens 1977-1980].

The results of sensitivity testing from the last 4 years of the enterobacteria isolates have been evaluated for ampicillin, cephalothin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. There was a remarkable decrease of cephalothin resistant E. coli, proteus mirabilis, and klebsiella strains. The number of strains resistant to ampicillin was only decreased in the case of proteins mirabilis. The resistance frequency to gentamicin was unchanged. In contrast, an increasing number of resistant strains of E. coli and proteins mirabilis was observed with regard to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1982

A controlled study of supplementation with essential amino acids and alpha-keto acids in the conservative management of patients with chronic renal failure.

Oral therapy with essential amino acids (EAA) or alpha-keto acids (alpha-KA) has been recommended in patients with renal failure, but quality and quantity of optimal protein intake are still controversial. This study compares sequentially the effect of supplementation with EAA, and with alpha-KA versus placebo in 15 ambulatory patients with chronic renal failure (average creatinine clearance 10.8 ml/min), maintained on a protein diet of 0.57 g/kg body weight (40 g for a 70-kg patient). The actual dietary intake averaged 0.55 g protein/kg and 27 kcal/kg according to repeated 7-day dietary recordings. After a 6-week baseline period on this diet, all patients received additionally 0.112 g EAA/kg for 6 weeks followed by a double-blind crossover study of 0.105 g alpha-KA/kg versus placebo supplementation for 6 weeks each. Fasting blood samples for multiple parameters, including 15 indicators for protein deficiency, as well as anthropometric and clinical data were evaluated every 3 weeks. Laboratory data revealed no indications of protein deficiency. Therapy with alpha-KA diminished serum phosphate concentration (p less than 0.05), however no other significant beneficial effects could be demonstrated during supplementation with either EAA or alpha-KA. Therefore, such supplementation to a 0.55-g/kg-protein diet appears superfluous in stable ambulatory patients with renal insufficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Phagocytosis of C3b-coated sheep red blood cells by guinea-pig macrophages in the absence of antibody.

C1 was passively attached to tannic-acid-treated SRBC in the absence of antibody. EC1,4,2,3 were prepared by the stepwise reaction of EC1 with C4, C2, and C3. Contamination with IgM or IgG antibodies of the complement components used could not be detected by immunochemical methods; furthermore, possibly contaminating traces of antibody were removed by careful absorption of all preparations with erythrocytes. The C3b-opsonized SRBC were ingested by unstimulated guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages and PMN leukocytes. Addition of purified IgM to the C3b-opsonized SRBC did not substantially enhance particle uptake. It is concluded that C3b alone can act as an opsonin and triggers phagocytosis in the absence of antibody.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A comparison of the antibacterial activities of N-formimidoyl thienamycin (MK0787) with those of other recently developed beta-lactam derivatives.

The antibacterial activity of N-formimidoyl thienamycin (MK0787) was evaluated in 335 clinical isolates of ampicillin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, 50 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, 28 Acinetobacter spp., 50 Streptococcus faecalis strains, and 7 oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains and was compared with the recently developed beta-lactam antibiotics mezlocillin, cefuroxime, cefazedone, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, and moxalactam. Among the gram-negative bacteria, N-formimidoyl thienamycin was less active than cefotaxime against Klebsiella, Serratia, and Proteus spp. but had comparable activity against Escherichia coli and Enterobacter strains. Activity of the thienamycin derivative was somewhat lower than that of moxalactam against most of the strains and superior to that of mezlocillin, cefuroxime, and cefoperazone. Moreover, N-formimidoyl thienamycin was the most active drug against P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. and had activity comparable to that of ampicillin against Streptococcus faecalis. N-Formimidoyl thienamycin was bactericidal at concentrations less than twice the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in all gram-negative isolates tested. Oxacillin-resistant staphylococci (MIC of oxacillin, greater than 4 micrograms/ml) were inhibited at low concentrations of the thienamycin derivative (90% MIC, 0.25 micrograms/ml); however, N-formimidoyl thienamycin was not bactericidal at the 90% MIC. The antibacterial activity of N-formimidoyl thienamycin against all of the gram-negative bacilli was observed to be independent of beta-lactamase production.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1982

Correlation of beta-lactamase production and resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Enterobacteriaceae.

Incidence of beta-lactamase production (using the Nitrocefin test and isoelectric focusing) was evaluated on 284 strains of ampicillin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Production of the various beta-lactamases was correlated with the resistance to different beta-lactam antibiotics. No obvious correlation between the beta-lactamase production and the resistance pattern was found. The most striking result was the lack of beta-lactamase production in 42.6% of the strains. About 50% or more of the Proteus morganii, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia and Enterobacter strains produced no beta-lactamases, in contrast to E. coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus rettgeri strains which produced beta-lactamases extensively. The predominant enzyme was TEM 1, while TEM 2 enzyme was extremely common in Proteus mirabilis and Proteus rettgeri. Finally, it can be concluded from our results that the production of beta-lactamases can be regarded as an important but not the sole determinant of resistance of beta-lactam antibiotics.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1981

Suppression of the anti-erythrocyte immune response in mice by the C5b--9 complex of complement.

The C5b--9 complex of complement associated with sheep erythrocyte membranes suppresses the immune response of mice to sheep erythrocytes as measured with the Jerne plaque technique. This type of immune suppression is independent of early complement components and antibody, and is mediated by both human and guinea-pig complement components. The degree of immune suppression correlates with the number of C5b--9 complexes per cell used for immunization: 21,000 C5b--9 complexes per erythrocyte lead to a 97% inhibition of the immune response in comparison to untreated erythrocytes. Inhibition requires the full assembly of the C5b--9 complex including C8 and C9. Virtually no inhibition was observed by the C5b--7 complex. C5b--9 and IgG-mediated immune suppression do not function additively. From dose-response experiments it is concluded that separate and mutually independent sites mediate suppression by C5b--9 and IgG, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[The effect of burns on the complement system].

Serum levels of total complement CH 50 and the complement components C1, C1 inactivator, C2, C4, C3c, and C3 activator were measured in 20 patients with burn injuries. The findings were assessed for any possible correlations between the results of serological investigations, severity of burns and clinical aspects of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[In-vitro efficacy of topical antibiotics on bacteria from burns].

The influence of topical antimicrobial agents on bacterial growth was determined with an agar diffusion technique. 349 isolates were tested with mafenide acetate and silver sulfadiazine, 226 isolates were tested with povidone iodine. None of these agents was likewise effective against all organisms of the same bacterial strain. The inhibition of growth by mafenide acetate and silver sulfadiazine demonstrated dose-response. 26 to 40% of the tested grampositive cocci were inhibited by mafenide acetate, whereas the growth of about 26 to 90% of gramnegative rods was effected by silver sulfadiazine, with the exception of proteus species (9%). Both agents influenced the growth of pseudomonas (40 to 65%). The results obtained with povidone iodine led to the consideration that the agar diffusion method might not be suitable for testing this drug.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Complement studies in children with treated coeliac disease after gluten challenge.

Changes of the complement components in the sera of 13 children with treated coeliac disease were studied after gluten challenge. The levels of C 1 and C3-activator (factor B) were significantly decreased at 4 h after the challenge, as were the levels of total complement (CH 50) and the components C 1, C 4 and C 1-inactivator at 8 h. After 24 h most values returned to normal but there was another significant decrease in serum C 4 after 24 h, and for CH 50, C 1, C 2 and C 4 after 48 h.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1980

Double-blind cross-over study with oral alpha-ketoacids in patients with chronic renal failure.

In 15 ambulatory patients with renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance, 9.9 +/- 3.0 ml/min) the effect of oral supplementation with alpha-ketoacids has been compared with that of placebo. The protein intake amounted to 0.55 g protein per kilogram body weight of high biological value, as estimated by dietary recordings. After a control period of 3 months the patients received, in a double-blind study, 1.05 g alpha-ketoacids/10 kg body weight per day or a placebo for 6 weeks with a subsequent cross-over. Fasting blood samples were analyzed at 3-week intervals for routine laboratory parameters and 17 proteins. Anthropometric and clinical data have been recorded every 3 weeks. While therapy with alpha-ketoacids diminished PO4 levels (P less than 0.05), no other significant effect could be demonstrated. No signs of protein deficiency existed either before or during alpha-ketoacid therapy. Therefore, supplementation with alpha-ketoacids appears to be superfluous in patients with renal insufficiency maintained on a 40-g protein diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Lack of association between the HLA-A10 (A25), B18 and C2o haplotype and anaphylactoid purpura (AP).

In 41 patients with AP and 134 healthy relatives HLA haplotypes and total hemolytic complement and C2 concentrations were determined. Though complement levels were found in the lower normal range in none of the individuals studied, a genetically determined C2 deficient state could be established. No association between low C2 levels and the HLA haplotype A10(A25), B18 or an isolated A25 or B18 was observed. A comparison of phenotype frequencies of AP patients with controls showed no significant difference. Contingency table analysis of patients and control haplotypes showed a definite close association with HLA-A1, Bw22, A2, Bw16, and A29, B12.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Clinical symptoms and therapy of the hereditary angioneurotic edema (author's transl)].

Sera of 333 patients showing clinical symptoms of "Quincke edema" have been tested for their deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor. The diagnosis "Hereditary Angio Neurotic Edema" (HANE) could be stated in 39 cases, i.e. 11.9%. Clinical manifestations consisted of peripheral edema (80%), abdominal colics (77%), and facial edema (72%). Edema of the larynx have been observed in 51% of the cases. 10 patients have been treated with purified C1 esterase inhibitor during the attack as a substitutional therapy, and 10 patients received danazol during their attackfree intervals. Both of these treatments were therapeutically successful.

Angioedema↗
PubMed1979

[Humoral defence against infection (author's transl)].

The importance of endogenous defence against infection for the success of antibiotic therapy is demonstrated using immune defect diseases as an example. The carriers of specific humoral defence against infection are the antibodies and the complement system. Acting either individually or in combination they result in neutralisation of toxins and viruses, an inflammatory reaction and the killing of pathogens. Humoral-cellular antibodies and the complement system play a role in phagocytosis, acting as phagocytosis-enhancing agents (opsonins). The possibility of interaction of antibiotic therapy and endogenous defence against infection is discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗