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Biomedical subjects

W O Shekim

Publications and source records attributed to W O Shekim.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Platelet MAO in children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity: a pilot study.

The authors examined platelet MAO activity in 8 hyperactive and 18 control children who were admitted to a clinical research center and placed on a low monoamine diet. After 5 days, their blood was analyzed; the hyperactive children were discharged on day 7, placed on d-amphetamine for 2 weeks, and readmitted for repeat blood analysis. The hyperactive children initially had significantly lower levels of platelet MAO than the controls. After the hyperactive children were treated with d-amphetamine for 2 weeks, their platelet MAO levels were comparable to those of the control children. The authors suggest an association between low platelet MAO activity and a behavioral state of overactivity, short attention span, and impulsivity.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1981

Current perspectives on childhood depression: an overview.

The rapidly increasing research interest in childhood depression indicates that it has become a recognized disorder. The authors review the literature on depression in children, focusing on epidemiology, various diagnostic criteria, classification schemes, assessment instruments, and intervention studies that have been applied to childhood depression. Given that there are many etiological factors, it will be important to study the disorder from various conceptual frameworks, including biochemical, genetic learned helplessness, life stresses, cognitive distortion, behavioral reinforcement, and sociological models.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Congenital sensory neuropathy with anhydrosis-a case report and investigation of autonomic nervous system abnormalities.

A review of the clinical profile of congenital sensory neuropathy with anhydrosis is presented. It is stressed that major diagnostic criteria of this recessively inherited condition should be limited to insensitivity to pain with normal tactile perception, anhydrosis, recurrent unexplained fever, self-mutilation, mental retardation, hypotonia, histologically normal sweat glands and variable autonomic abnormality. A case conforming to this description is reported and compared with 13 published cases. Special investigations of the autonomic nervous system through measurement of urinary catecholamine metabolites and psychophysiologic variables were conducted on this patient. Based on the analysis of 5 X 24-hour urine, values of metabolites of dopamine and epinephrine were normal. Metabolites of norepinephrine, such as 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylglycol and normetanephrine, however, were significantly low when compared with those of four controls, suggesting decreased peripheral and central norepinephrine activity. Polygraph recording and evaluation of some orienting response components revealed no obvious signs of autonomic perturbation and, specifically, no phasic electrodermal activity. These two findings (biochemical and electrodermal) strongly suggest an autonomic imbalance, specifically component, both central and peripheral. It is suggested that autonomic disorder is an integral part of the syndrome and may be demonstrated by special investigations.

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Norepinephrine metabolism and clinical response to dextroamphetamine in hyperactive boys.

The 24-hour urinary catecholamine metabolites 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, normetanephrine, and metanephrine were measured in 23 hyperactive boys and 13 matched healthy controls. The hyperactive children excreted lower MHPG and higher NM (low MHPG/NM ratio) amounts than in controls. The administration of d-amphetamine in the dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight divided over two doses daily for two weeks decreased MHPG excretion in the hyperactive children. When the hyperactive children group was divided into drug responders and nonresponders according to their pre- and post-treatment scores on the Conners Teacher Questionnaire, d-amphetamine administration decreased MHPG excretion in the responders and did not change it in the nonresponders. Percent decrease in MHPG excretion correlated significantly with percent change in the hyperactivity factor of the questionnaire on the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient. Pretreatment urinary metabolites did not differentiate the responders from nonresponders. It is suggested that a relationship between CNS norepinephrine metabolism and hyperactivity exists and that d-amphetamine may achieve its therapeutic action in hyperactive children by altering CNS NE metabolism.

Central Nervous System↗
PubMed1979

Urinary MHPG excretion in minimal brain dysfunction and its modification by d-amphetamine.

The authors studied the excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenlyglycol (MHPG) in 15 hyperactive boys and 13 controls. They further examined soft neurologic signs and clinical drug response to d-amphetamine administration for two weeks in the hyperactive boys. MHPG excretion was significantly lower in the hyperactive boys than in the controls. d-Amphetamine decreased MHPG excretion significantly in the drug responders only. Pretreatment MHPG excretion did not predict clinical drug response. The responders had more soft neurologic signs than the nonresponders. Furthermore, soft neurologic signs were not related to pretreatment MHPG levels.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1977

Urinary catecholamine metabolites in hyperkinetic boys treated with d-amphetamine.

The authors studied the excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl glycol (MHPG), normetanephrine (NM), metanephrine, and homovanillic acid in 7 hyperactive and 12 control children. MHPG was lower but NM was significantly higher in hyperactive children than in controls. Administration of d-amphetamine for 2 weeks depressed the levels of MHPG, NM, and metanephrine. The authors suggest a decreased central norepinephrine activity, which may be secondary to the interruption of norepinephrine fibers in the medial forebrain bundle.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A clinical and demographic profile of a sample of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, residual state.

It is becoming increasingly recognized that one third to one half of children diagnosed as having attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continue to exhibit symptoms of the disorder into adulthood. The nature of the clinical picture is not well understood by a substantial number of clinicians. The purpose of this study is to report on the demographic and clinical profile of 56 adults, age 19 to 65 years (48 men, eight women) who present with adult ADHD and meet DSM-III-R criteria for the disorder. Patients underwent a diagnostic work-up consisting of medical and psychiatric evaluation, a structured interview Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version [SADS-L]), the Symptoms Checklist Revised (SCL-9OR), Conners Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity (ADDH) scale, structured interview of ADDH, the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), and, when available, information from parents was obtained. Ninety-one percent of our sample met the Utah Criteria for adult ADHD. The majority of the sample had additional DSM-III-R diagnoses and only seven had ADHD diagnosis alone. Fifty-three percent of the sample met the criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, 34% alcohol abuse or dependence, 30% drug abuse, 25% dysthymic disorder, and 25% cyclothymic disorder. These findings were similar to those reported in the literature.

Adult↗