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Biomedical subjects

W Nowak

Publications and source records attributed to W Nowak.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[How does the islet cell organ react to glucose following extensive resection of the small intestine?].

Changes in the functional connection between the small bowel and Langerhans islet cells after extensive small bowel resection were analyzed. The extension of resection chosen were as follow: resection of proximal small bowel (75%), resection of distal small bowel (66%), resection of ileum (45%). 28 days after operation we examined the reaction of endocrine pancreas with the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance and with the isolated perfused pancreas on glucose stimulation. After extensive resection of the proximal small bowel we found a decreased sensitivity of islet cells on glucose stimulation. This reaction was similar to that observed in diabetes mellitus. Glucose tolerance, insulin- and pancreatic glucagon release in rats after ileum resection were almost normal. In this case we found a reduced level of fasting plasma glucose and of the basal insulin. This was accompanied with an increased food intake during the postoperative period.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Carbachol-pentagastrin-induced duodenal ulcer in rats and its relation to gastric acid secretion].

Duodenal ulcers were produced in rats by the subcutaneous infusion of carbachol and pentagastrin in combination. We determined the gastric acid output using a perfusion method, when carbachol or pentagastrin were infused alone or in combination. In combination we saw a maximum acid output. Atropine blocked a carbachol stimulation totally but did not affect pentagastrin stimulation. Infusing rats subcutaneously with carbachol/pentagastrin and applicating atropine I.V. rats did not develop duodenal ulcer. This method of secretagogue produced duodenal ulcer is a model for study of anticholinergic influences of the gastric secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Does extensive small intestine resection prevent experimentally induced duodenal ulcers? A study on rats].

Our previous results showed that pentagastrin stimulated gastric secretion (peak acid output) was significantly decreased following extensive distal small bowel resection. The aim of this study was to see the effect of extensive small bowel resection on experimental duodenal ulcers 28 days after operation. We used secretagogue-produced duodenal ulcers in the rats. Vagotomy prevented these experimental ulcers but not gastric mucosa lesions. Extensive small bowel resection both proximally and distally prevented secretagogue-induced duodenal ulcers too, but there was a mucosa protection both in gastric antrum and duodenal bulb. We concluded this protective effect may be due to compensatory mucosa hyperplasia following extensive small bowel resection.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Hiob syndrome. A case report of multiple endocrine neoplasia].

It is reported on a now 48-year-old male with a multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN I). The most impressive symptomatology issued from a relapsing organic hyperinsulinism the cause of which were multiple islet cell tumours. Up to now the hyperparathyroidism was not mastered by the removal of two adenomas of the parathyroid gland. As third fact in this clinical picture, called also Hiob syndrome, the hypophyseal manifestation developed in form of a space occupation with a hypersomatotropism, the course and final clarification of which are still open.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1986

[Appendicitis in the aged].

Peculiarities relating to appendicitis in advanced age are described in this paper, with reference being made to a prospective study conducted in 1982 into acute abdominal processes. Covered by that study were 545 patients with acute abdominal symptoms. Reference was also made to an evacuation of 890 cases of appendectomy performed between 1983 and 1985. Appendicitis was found to be relatively rare in advanced age and accounted for merely seven per cent of all appendectomies. Frequent reports on increased perforation rates in advanced age were confirmed by the authors' own findings. Presurgical diagnostic accuracy was between 70 and 75 per cent, relative to the surgeon's visual intra-operative findings. The assumption has to be made that in 25 to 30 per cent of all appendectomies the vermiform appendix processus is removed without detection of any acute inflammation. In patients in advanced age, particular attention should be given to renal and urinary tract findings with complaints that might encourage falsely positive indications for laparotomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of subtotal small intestine resection on insulin and glucagon secretion by the isolated perfused rat pancreas following glucose stimulation].

An attempt has been made to investigate possible regulatory effects of gastrointestinal hormones on insulin and glucagon secretion in Wistar rats that had been subjected to partial resection of the duodenum and jejunum or the ileum. Release of insulin and glucagon was studied on perfused pancrease 4 weeks after the operation. Partial resection of both the duodenum and jejunum resulted in a significant decrease of glucose-induced insulin secretion and basal glucagon release when compared with the controls. Glucagon release was not further suppressed by increasing glucose concentration in the perfusion medium. Resection of the ileum only had no effects. Also, there was no difference to be observed in plasma insulin levels between the two groups. Resection of the ileum, however, provoked a drastical decrease of plasma insulin levels. Food intake was not significantly changed while body weight slightly decreased 1 week after operation but returned to normal after 4 weeks. The results suggest that the various parts of the small intestine seem to be involved in the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion as well as basal glucagon release. The alterations in glucose-stimulated insulin or glucose-suppressed glucagon secretion are likely due to the action of gastrointestinal hormones or hitherto unknown peptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Hyperchlorhydria of the stomach following hypothalamus lesions in the rat].

Effects of ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH corresponding Nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami NVM) lesion on gastric acid output were examined. Acid output was determined by using the gastric perfusion method in rats anesthetized with urethan. With lesion of the ventromedial hypothalamus a significant increase in acid output occurred 28 days after lesion. Basal acid output increased from 5.9 +/- 2.5 to 32.2 mumol H+ X h-1 and stimulated acid output increased from 15.4 +/- 7.2 to 75.3 +/- 15.3 mumol H+ X h-1. Gastric hypersecretion in rats with VMH lesions was due to a vagally-mediated gastric stimulation. This model is useful to trial drugs which reduce gastric acidity.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Changes in the secretion of gastric acid following resection of different segments of the small intestine. An experimental study on rats].

Gastric acid secretion after small bowel resection was studied on 46 Wistar-rats using a perfusion method like gastrin-bioassay of Lai. Basal acid output (BAO) and peak acid output (PAO) was increased in 2 of 7 rats with proximal small bowel resection (75%). Peak acid output was significantly decreased after distal small bowel resection (66%). The results suggest that gastric hypersecretion is not a regular effect of subtotal intestinal resection. We concluded there is no fear of a regular peptic ulcer disease after massive small bowel resection.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[A new plastic-bag transfusion set for dilution of erythrocyte concentrates].

A new transfusion set which contains 100 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution to resuspend packed red blood cells is described. The advantages of the system are--the technique is simple and hygienic, it contains an optimal quantity of suspension solution, and there is no danger of air embolus occurring. The rheologic properties of the then diluted red cell concentrates are very good, and allow for a mass transfusion. This new system affords the wider use of packed red blood cells, and it will probably contribute to the abolition of the practically obsolete transfusion of whole blood even for surgical patients.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1982

[Topochemical and electron microscopical analysis of the pancreas of dogs after pancreatic denervation].

Histochemical and electronmicroscopic findings on chronically and selectively denervated pancreata of 8 dogs are described. Most nerve fibers showed marked degeneration and perineuritis, and there was an inflammation of intrapancreatic ganglia. There was no change in the number of islets or in the A-B-cell ratio. Insulitis frequently has been observed. Both immunohistochemically demonstrable insulin in the B-cells, and glucagon in the A-cells were reduced in relation to that in non-denervated controls. There were single A- and B-cells within the acini in an apparently normal frequency. Many pancreata showed a chronic infiltration and fibroblastic inflammation within the acini but their extent varied considerably between the animals. Intrapancreatic blood vessels were generally dilated, hyperemic, and perivascular fibrosis was seen in some cases; the vessels contained many leucocytes. Acinar cells were often subjected to vacuolic degeneration. Another part of them showed, however, increased appearance of ergastoplasm, mitochondria, and of Golgi apparatus as a sign of increased functional stimulation. There were fibrosis and mononuclear infiltration in the medium-sized and large pancreatic ducts.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The influence of selective pancreatic denervation on plasma insulin and glucose tolerance in dogs.

The mechanism of reflex plasma insulin responses after oral stimulation and the influence of autonomic control on glucose- and meal -induced insulin secretion needs to be elucidated. Dogs with chronic pancreatic fistulas were studied two months after selective pancreatic denervation or bilateral truncal vagotomy and compared with fistulated controls. The normal glucose- and amino acid-independent insulinogenic reflex after an oral glucose load or after a meal was inhibited in the experimental groups. Glucose-related insulin secretion (oral or intravenous loads) and glucose tolerance were clearly reduced after vagotomy, but only partly diminished in the denervated animals. The plasma insulin increase after meat ingestion was inhibited in both experimental groups. It is concluded that the B-cells work under integrated tonic control of both the vagal and the sympathetic systems. Independent of this control, a vago-vagal insulinogenic reflex is initiated by enteric stimuli. These two mechanisms might be considered as part of the gastroentero-pancreatic axis in a broader sense.

Animals↗