Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W Noack.
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In the OHH, during the years 1969 to 1974, 28 patients were operatively treated because of delayed callusformation or pseud-arthrosis, following a fracture of the shaft of the humerus. It was possible to inquire about and to re-examine 20 patients. The operative treatment had, when possible been achieved by osteosynthesis through plates (25 cases). Each of the so treated cases lead to healing of the bone, additional nerve lesion did not in one case occur because of the operation. Objectively seen, there existed in 7 patients a slight, final restriction of movements, for the abduction and outside rotation in the shoulder joint. 6 patients complained of being sensitive to weather changes. The different treatment method of the fracture of the humerus and pseudarthrosis was discussed.
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Wistar rats were administered single doses of 16 or 50 mg/kg 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) on day 12 of pregnancy. Necrosis in the fetal forebrain and spinal cord was studied by light microscope 6, 12, 14, 48, 72, and 81 h and 8 days afterward. The extent of necrosis was dose dependent. The first necroses were seen after 24 h, regardless of location (brain, spinal cord) or dose; but the extent was greatest after 48 h. All necrotic cells had a typical appearance; they were ballooned and often fragmented, their nuclei were darkly colored and frequently pyknotic, and they were often karyorhexic. Necroses appeared almost exclusively at sites of beginning cellular differentiation, i.e., in the intermediate zone. In the spinal cord the ventricular zone was also necrotic and the alar plate (dorsal horn) always affected. Phagocytizing cells (macrophages) appeared in the spinal cord after 48 h and in the brain after 72 h. After 81 h all the necrotic material had been phagocytized, at which time there was a massive congestion of the extra- and intracerebral vessels. Hemorrhages appeared in defined localizations. Eight days after exposure to 16 mg/kg 6-MP fetuses no longer showed any visible deviations. Fetuses exposed to 50 mg/kg showed deviations in the cytoarchitecture of the neopallium: an extremely broadened ventricular zone, few cells in the intermediate zone, and extensive rarefaction cells in the cortical plate with no clear layer structure. In the spinal cord, cleft formations were especially noticeable in the dorsal-horn region. All fetuses showed a hydrocephalus externus after 50 mg/kg. The mechanism leading to necrosis is discussed.
Isolated rat hearts according to Langendorff and rabbit hearts after orthostatic collapse were studied under the light and electron microscope. The light-micrographs were also quantitatively analysed. Changes in the vessels are noticeable, especially those in the sinusoid's. Vessel ruptures occur, also isolated endothelial ruptures with intact basement membranes and perfusion fluid enters the extracellular space. Numerous 0.06-01 mu large vesicles appear in the cytoplasma of the endothelial cells. A large number of vesiculation processes can be demonstrated along the cell membrane. The extracellular space is strongly-dilated. Changes in the colloid osmotic pressure and a rise in perfusion pressure have no clearly demonstrable influence on the extent of extravasation under the experimental conditions. The mechanism possible inducing such vessel changes is discussed.
The superficial epithelial layer in the urinary bladder of adult rats was examined, in various states, using the transmission and scanning electron microscopes. A good agreement was obtained between the results of the two methods. When the urinary bladder is unexpanded, the superficial cells show marked bulges into the bladder lumen and the contacts between cells (mainly desmosomes) are displaced deep into the epithelium. The luminal surface is bizarrely bent and large parts of the membrane intrude into the cytoplasm, where they give the appearance of discoid and fusiform vesicles. Between neighboring cells, deep interdigitations are observed. In the scanning electron microscope, the surface of the epithelium appears cauliflower-like and has deep grooves, gullys and folds. When the bladder is expanded, the surface becomes smoother and the contacts between cells move to the surface. The stretched cells are angular in form (5-, 6- or 7-sided) and show great variations in surface area (150-500 mum2). The luminal cell membrane consists of an alternation of asymmetrical areas (120 A thick and 0.2-0.4 mum in length) with normal sections which are 80 A thick. In the scanning electron microscope, these thick areas appear as 4-, 5- or 6-sided plaques with a maximal diameter of 0.4 mum. The borders of the plaques are formed of portions of cell membrane which have a normal thickness and extrude as microcristae into the lumen. This produces a honeycomb appearance on the cell surface.
Authors report about 504 oxytocin infusions after amniotomy or spontaneous rupture of membranes without possibility of cardiotokography. The rate of success by a 12-hour-limit is 91,9 per cent, by a 24-hour-limit 95,2 per cent. It was observed a superior rate of obstetric operations, post-partum haemorrhages and 3 cases of uterus rupture following hypersensitivity. Intravenous oxytocin infusion reduced the time of delivery. After combinating induction of labour childrens have an acceptable general condition, recorded by Apgar-score. Simultaneous induction of labour by oxytocin infusion is a high-risk proceeding in obstetric hospitals without possibility of cardiotokography. However, a renunciation of this method in default of alternatives is not accept.
Narcotisized dogs were artificially ventilated for periods of two to five hours with HFPPV. During this time the blood gases, pH and bases were controlled. In spite of sufficient oxygenation and CO2-elimination, a metabolic acidosis developed which could not be fully compensated by the addition of buffer solutions. In light and electron microscopy these lungs did not differ significantly from control lungs. Haemorrhages or atelectases were never observed. Type I cells as well as Type II cells in the alveoli are unchanged, i.e. the Type II cells were not depleted but contained numerous typical lamellar bodies with a diameter of 0.4-1 mu. The blood gas barrier was not widened and was ca. 3000 A wide. The alveolar surface was coated by an often fragmented electron-dense film (monolayer of the surfactant).
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The use of image plane scanning for the purpose of quantification of data is becoming increasingly important in medicine and biology. Such equipment allows complex geometric-statistical relationships to be investigated by reduction to a counting process in which picture elements are counted (using a photocell), stored, and evaluated. Various absolute values of interest can then be computed using certain mathematical relationships. These methods, using automatically controlled sampling, are fast, and, since they are able to detect small variations in light intensity, very accurate. Furthermore, even in the presence of highly complex patterns, an accurate surface area measurement can be made. Peripheral nerve cells, for example, lend themselves well to such methods, since the strong contrast between individual structural elements provides excellent conditions for automatic measurement.
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