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Biomedical subjects

W N Spellacy

Publications and source records attributed to W N Spellacy.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Distribution of cytoplasmic estrogen and progesterone receptors in human endometrium.

Unoccupied estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors were measured in the cytoplasm of five sections along the length of endometrium obtained from noncancerous, premenopausal hysterectomy specimens. The concentrations of the two receptors were measured with tritiated estradiol or R5020 (a synthetic progestin), the latter two having been purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and were found to be highest in the fundus and lowest in the cervix. Progesterone receptor levels, ranging from 50 to 3,500 fmoles of R5020 bound per milligram of protein, were generally much higher in each section of the endometrium than estrogen receptor levels, which ranged from 0 to 500 fmoles of estradiol bound per milligram of protein. Near ovulation it seemed that the distribution profiles of both receptors became very steep, with more than a tenfold difference in the receptor levels being found between the fundus and the cervix. Receptor levels measured in endometrial samples obtained by curettage or aspiration should be interpreted with caution.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1978

The effect of varying prolactin levels on pituitary luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

Seventy-one women with menstrual irregularities were investigated by measurement of basal plasma estradiol, prolactin, and gonadotropin levels. They were each given an intravenous injection of 100 microgram of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured for two hours. The women were divided into three groups on the basis of the prolactin levels: "normal," "mild elevation," and "severe elevation." For each prolactin group there was no difference in age or estradiol or basal LH and FSH levels. The pituitary response to the GnRH injection was also similar for the three groups. These data suggest that elevated prolactin levels do not interfere with pituitary gonadotropin cell function.

Estradiol↗
PubMed1978

The acute effects of ritodrine infusion on maternal metabolism: measurements of levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon, triglycerides, cholesterol, placental lactogen and chorionic gonadotropin.

Twenty-nine women in premature labor were randomly assigned to a ritodrine (N = 14) or placebo (N = 15) treatment group. Thirteen serial blood samples were drawn during the first 12 hours of therapy by intravenous drug infusion and they were analyzed for a variety of metabolic substances. There was a significant increase in the blood glucose level in the ritodrine group after one hour and this persisted for the 12 hours of intravenous drug treatment. Plasma insulin levels similarly did not increase in the placebo but significantly rose in the ritodrine group by 30 minutes, peaked at 2 1/2 hours, and remained elevated throughout the infusion. There were no significant differences between levels of plasma glucagon, cholesterol triglyceride, human placental lactogen, or human chorionic gonadotropin in the two treatment groups. Ritodrine caused significant maternal and fetal tachycardia. Its use in women with carbohydrate abnormalities should be monitored carefully. The increased glucose levels may lead to an increased fetal weight.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of estrogen treatment for one year on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in women with normal and abnormal glucose tolerance test results. Glucose, insulin, growth hormone, triglycerides, and Premarin.

A prospective study of the effects of a conjugated estrogen (Premarin, 1.25 mg.) was performed in 36 women over a 1 year period. Each subject received a 3 hour oral glucose tolerance test before starting the medication and another after 1 year of use. The blood glucose levels were similar at five times during the two tests except for a significant elevation of the 1 hour value at the 1 year test. There were no changes in the plasma insulin, growth hormone, or fasting triglyceride levels. These results suggest that the cyclic administration of this estrogen does not alter lipid or carbohydrate metabolism.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1978

The effect of acutely elevated blood glucose levels on luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release following an intravenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone injection.

The effects of an acute blood glucose increase on the capacity of the pituitary gland to release gonadotropins (luteinzing hormone [LH] and follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]) were studied in 21 women. Each woman received two intravenous challenges of 100 microgram of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH). Between these injections the blood glucose level was increased in 10 of the women by orally adminstering 100 gm of glucose. Although there were significantly higher blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in the latter group, the LH and FSH response to the second GNRH injection was not different. There was also no significant relationship between the basal blood glucose level and the gonadotropin (LH and FSH) response to GNRH. Acute elevations of blood glucose do not appear to alter the ability of the anterior pituitary cells to release gonadotropins.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Studies of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in women using the progesterone-T intrauterine device for six months: blood glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels.

A prospective, detailed study of both lipid and carbohydrate metabolism was carried out in 35 women who used a progesterone-T type intrauterine device (IUD). A 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test was performed in each woman before the IUD was inserted and again after 6 months of use. There was no change in the patients' weight or in the fasting glucose, cholesterol, or triglyceride levels. There were significant increases in the 3-hour glucose and the fasting, 0.5-, and 3-hour plasma insulin values in the 6-month tests. These values were less than those found after 6 months of systemic progestogen use, but do suggest some systemic effect of the released progesterone.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The effects of a once-a-week steroid contraceptive (R2323) on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in women during three months of use.

Forty-four women were prospectively evaluated with a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test while they used a new weekly oral contraceptive drug, R2323. The blood tests were carried out before the drug was administered and again 3 months after its use. Both blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured. In the 40 women with a "normal" control glucose tolerance test, it was found that only the 1-hour blood glucose value was significantly elevated after 3 months of drug use and the plasma insulin values were unchanged. The tests of three of the four women with borderline abnormal to abnormal control test curves converted to normal with 3 months of treatment and that of one remained unchanged. The fasting plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were unchanged over the 3 months' time. These results suggest that this steroid contraceptive has no effect on lipid metabolism. It also has minimal adverse effects on normal carbohydrate metabolism and may possibly improve abnormal metabolism.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1978

The adolescent's first pregnancy: a controlled study.

The records of 1,021 primigravida women who delivered single infants from 1973 to 1976 and who were in the adolescent (ages 10-15) and mature (ages 20-24) age groups were reviewed. It was found that the adolescent patient is more often black and unmarried, and has less prenatal care than the mature woman. There was a higher frequency of hypertensive disorders in the adolescents but this was related to race. The adolescent had fewer breech deliveries and more postpartum endometritis and premature deliveries. There was no significant difference in the fetal, neonatal, and perinatal mortality in the adolescent pregnancies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of fetal maturity evaluation with ultrasonic biparietal diameter and amniotic fluid lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio.

Fetal head biparietal (BP) measurements by ultrasonic techniques and amniotic fluid lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios were simultaneously determined (within 2 days) on 84 occasions in 72 women. Using the criteria for maturity of an L/S ratio of 2.0 or more or a BP measurement of 9.0 cm or more, there was agreement between these test results in 66.7% of the cases. The BP incorrectly predicted the L/S ratio 33.3% of the time, with a false positive rate of 27.3% and a false negative rate of 6.0%. If an L/S ratio of 1.5 were used as the critical determinant, the BP false positive rate remained high (9.5%). A high false negative error (21.4%) occurred if a BP value of 9.3 cm was used. These results suggest that ultrasonic BP measurements should not be used as the only criteria of fetal maturity in the management of high-risk pregnancies.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1978

Educational responsibilities and resources of obstetrics and gynecology departments in 1975.

A survey of 108 departments of obstetrics and gynecology in United States medical schools was completed for 1975, and a statistical evaluation of their resources was made. The mean data showed that the student core clerkship had a duration of 6.9 weeks and an enrollment of 17.8 students. The departments had 11.3 full-time faculty members, 69.5 obstetric beds and 56.9 gynecologic beds. There were 3,891 deliveries, 1,846 minor gynecologic operations and 1,418 major gynecologic operations performed. These results should provide a data base upon which to compare the changes in departments in the future.

Gynecology↗
PubMed1978

Human placental lactogen levels in multiple pregnancies.

Serum human placental lactogen (hPL) levels were measured in duplicate with a radioimmunoassay in 206 serum samples at 30 and 36 weeks' gestation from women with normal singleton pregnancies (75) or pregnancies with twins (37). One triplet pregnancy was also studied. The results show a significant elevation of hPL in the women with twin pregnancies at both the 30th (7.0 vs 6.0 microgram/ml) and the 36th (9.2 vs 7.4 microgram/ml) weeks. One-third of the twin pregnancies had values of hPL in excess of 8.0 microgram/ml at 30 weeks and more than half had values in excess of 9.0 microgram/ml at 36 weeks. The triplet pregnancy had an hPL value of 11.0 microgram/ml at 36 weeks' gestation. These data support the potential usefulness of serum hPL measurements in the screening profile for the detection of high-risk pregnancies.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Oxytocinase and human placental lactogen for the prediction of intrauterine growth retardation.

Oxytocinase and human placental lactogen (hPL) were measured in 705 serial maternal plasma samples collected from 74 patients whose pregnancies were complicated by hypertension. The trend and absolute levels of each substance were evaluated in a search for reliable antepartum indicators of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). There were 21 patients who were delivered of growth-retarded infants and the oxytocinase values were abnormal in 16 cases (75 per cent), while hPL levels were abnormal in 15 cases (71 per cent). There were 24 patients with subnormal placental weights. Abnormal oxytocinase values were observed in 17 (71 per cent) and abnormal hPL in 19 cases (79 per cent). The remaining 37 patients had "normal" fetal and placental weights. Abnormal oxytocinase values were observed in 15 patients (41 per cent) and abnormal hPL in 19 (52 per cent). In this group of pregnant mothers thought to be at risk for IUGR due to pregnancy hypertension, either test alone predicted subnormal neonatal or placental weight in about three fourths of cases. However, in the mothers with hypertension, who had no evidence of IUGR, false abnormal values of oxytocinase and hPL were found in nearly half the patients. No advantage was gained in the predictive accuracy when both tests were used.

Aminopeptidases↗