Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W N Spellacy

Publications and source records attributed to W N Spellacy.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Cyclic variation in the adherence of group B streptococci to human vaginal epithelial cells.

Studies conducted on three normally menstruating women demonstrated a distinct cyclic variation in adherence of group B streptococcus type III to vaginal epithelial cells. This cyclic variation consisted of a gradual rise in adherence during the first half of the menstrual cycle, reaching a maximum on day 14, followed by a sharp decline to low levels of adherence that persisted through the second half of the cycle. These changes in adherence correlated directly with the variation in the pyknotic index of the vaginal epithelial cells, suggesting that hormonal factors played a role in adherence of group B streptococci to vaginal epithelium.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Prospective studies of carbohydrate metabolism in "normal" women using norgestrel for eighteen months.

Studies of carbohydrate metabolism were conducted before and after 18 months of daily use of a 0.075-mg norgestrel preparation by 50 "normal" women. Each study involved a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test. There was a significant increase in the weights of the women over the time of study. In addition, all of the plasma insulin values and all of the blood glucose values were significantly elevated at the 18-month test. All of the control glucose tolerance tests were normal initially, but eight (16%) of the glucose curves were abnormal at the 18-month test. These data suggest a systemic metabolic effect of norgestrel which may play a role in accelerating atherogenesis.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1981

Blood glucose and plasma insulin studies during three months' use of a low-estrogen type oral contraceptive.

Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test in 18 women before and after 3 months' use of a low-estrogen oral contraceptive containing 0.035 mg of ethinylestradiol and 0.5 mg of norethindrone. There was no significant change in either of these two metabolic parameters. In addition, the blood pressures and weights of the women were unchanged during that time. Although these are only preliminary data, they are encouraging, for similar studies with higher-dose preparations often showed significant alterations in carbohydrate tolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Prospective carbohydrate metabolism studies in women using a low-estrogen oral contraceptive for one year.

Three-hour oral glucose tolerance tests were done before and after one year of use of a low-estrogen-type oral contraceptive (OC) in 14 women. The drug contained 0.035 mg ethinyl estradiol and 0.4 mg norethindrone. Both blood glucose and plasma insulin were measured. During the year there were no significant changes in the subjects' weights, whereas their blood pressures decreased. The results showed a significance decrease in the fasting blood glucose level after one year for women with a "normal" control test while the remainder of the values remained unchanged. For women with a "borderline" abnormal control test there was a significant decrease in the two-hour glucose level. There were no significant changes in the plasma insulin levels. These results confirm that this low-estrogen-type oral contraceptive produces minimal changes in the carbohydrate metabolism of users.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Pregnancy complicated by concurrent primary hyperparathyroidism and pancreatitis.

The third case of pancreatitis and primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy is reported. The patient became gravely ill with "hypercalcemic crisis" in the third trimester, the condition was stabilized by medical therapy, and the fetus was delivered when mature. This combined diagnosis is difficult to make because of the changes in calcium metabolism that accompany pregnancy and because of the opposite effects the 2 diseases have on blood calcium levels. In early pregnancy, surgical management of the parathyroid disease seems warranted after the condition has stabilized, whereas in late pregnancy medical treatment may be used and definitive surgery may be postponed until after delivery.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in "normal" women during one year of use of an inert intrauterine device.

Metabolic studies were done on 41 women who were using an inert plastic intrauterine device (IUD). They each had a three-hour oral glucose tolerance test done after the IUD was inserted and then again one year later. The fasting plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels were also measured. The fasting blood glucose value was slightly elevated after one year (82.4 +/- SEM 1.3 vs 89.3 +/- SEM 2.2 mg/dl) of IUD use, but all of the other glucose and lipid levels were unchanged. These data provide baseline studies for comparison of the metabolic effects of other contraceptive agents studied over one year's time period.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Carbohydrate metabolism with three months of low-estrogen contraceptive use.

Prospective studies of carbohydrate metabolism were performed by means of an oral glucose tolerance test in 29 women. The studies were performed before and after 3 months of treatment with an oral contraceptive that contained 0.035 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.4 mg of norethindrone. The 24 women with a "normal" control test had no significant alteration in any of their blood glucose and plasma insulin values, except that the fasting glucose level decreased with treatment. Three of these women (12.5%) had a slight deterioration of their glucose curves into a "borderline abnormal" grouping during treatment. There were five women with "borderline abnormal"control glucose curves, and in four of these (80%) the curves returned to "normal" during treatment, whereas one curve stayed "borderline abnormal." These data suggest that this low-estrogen oral contraceptive has minimal short-term adverse effects on the carbohydrate metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Influence of HLA types on carbohydrate effects of a low-estrogen oral contraceptive.

The lymphocyte HLA types were determined for 13 women, who were then separated into a subgroup of those having a "high" risk for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (B8, B15, AW30) and a "low-risk" subgroup (B7, BW35). A 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test was conducted on each woman before starting on oral contraceptives (OC) and then 6 months after using them. Both blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured. The OC contained 0.035 mg of ethinylestradiol and 0.4 mg of norethindrone. There was a significantly higher 0.5-hour glucose value in the control test in the "high risk" group. There was a significant elevation of the 1-hour plasma insulin value in the 6-month test for the "high-risk" group. The usefulness of the HLA prescreening of women prior to use of OC needs more study.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Insulin receptors in circulating erythrocytes and monocytes from women on oral contraceptives or pregnant women near term.

Altered carbohydrate metabolism occurs in women during pregnancy and in those using oral contraceptives (OC). Insulin binding to circulating erythrocytes and monocytes was studied in 77 nonobese, healthy women volunteers; they were divided into 4 groups: 1) late pregnant (n = 19),2) OC users taking 50 microgram estrogen daily (OC-50; n = 19),3) OC users taking 35 microgram estrogen daily (OC-35; n = 18), and 4) a control group (n = 21). All nonpregnant volunteers were in the luteal phase (days 18-21) of the menstrual cycle. Oral glucose tolerance tests were normal in all groups. Fasting plasma insulin was higher (P < 0.001) in the pregnant group, and plasma insulin responses to the oral glucose tolerance test were higher (P < 0.05) in the pregnant, OC-35, and OC-50 groups compared to that in the control group. The percentage of specific binding of [125I]insulin to 1.2 x 10(7) monocytes/ml (and 4.4 x 10(9) erythrocytes/ml) was similar in all groups (mean +/- SE): pregnant, 6.85 +/- 0.48% (6.85 +/- 0.59%); OC-35, (6.85 +/- 0.40%); OC-50, 6.95 +/- 0.55% (6.73 +/- 0.59%); and control 6.66 +/- 0.64% (7.17 +/- 0.44%). No correlation was found between insulin binding to erythrocytes and monocytes. Average affinity profiles and binding sites per cell (70/erythrocyte and 50,000/monocyte, respesctively) were similar in all groups. Since insulin binding to monocytes in decreased during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, one could extrapolate from our data that pregnant women will have lower insulin binding compared to nonpregnant women in the proliferative phase of the cycle; such a report has appeared recently (Beck-Nielsen et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 49: 810, 1979). Differences in plasma levels of estrogen and progesterone between the secretory and proliferative phases of the cycle are much smaller than between the nonpregnant state and late pregnancy. Therefore, it remains to be seen whether these steroid hormones would cause, by the same mechanism, a decrease in insulin binding (and insulin resistance) during late pregnancy and in the secretory phase of the cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Carbohydrate metabolism in women with a twin pregnancy.

Carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated in 24 women with a twin pregnancy and 24 women with a singleton pregnancy. The groups were of similar age, parity, weight, and gestational age. In each woman an intravenous glucose tolerance test was done using a 25-g glucose load in the last half of gestation. Both blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured and statistically compared. The plasma human placental lactogen levels were significantly higher in the women with the twin gestation (7.3 +/- 0.7 versus 4.7 +/- 0.3 microgram/ml). Although the glucose disappearance rates (K) were not different, there was a significantly lower fasting as well as 5- and 15-minute blood glucose value in the twin pregnancy group. There was also a significantly lower 15-minute insulin level in the twin group. The importance of these findings to the clinical management of twin pregnancies and to the understanding of the metabolic changes in pregnancy is discussed.

Adult↗