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Biomedical subjects

W Mills

Publications and source records attributed to W Mills.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Safety and efficacy of warfarin started early after submassive venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.

Two anticoagulant regimens, similar except for the timing of warfarin therapy, were compared in patients with clinically submassive venous thromboembolism (VTE). Warfarin was begun after 7 days of continuous intravenous heparin infusion in group L (127 patients) or within 3 days (average 1 day) of starting heparin in group S (139 patients), with similar outcomes. The frequency of symptomatic VTE recurrence during the hospital stay was 4.7% in group L and 3.6% in group S, and that of symptomless new perfusion defects 8.5% in group L and 3.9% in group S. On routine iodine-125-fibrinogen leg scanning of patients presenting with distal thrombosis (in the calf, popliteal, or distal femoral veins) 3.6% of group S but no group L patients had symptomless proximal extension. The incidence of bleeding was similar with both regimens. Outpatient follow-up showed no excess recurrent VTE in either treatment group. Early warfarin treatment significantly shortened hospital stay by an average of 3.9 days (30%) in patients admitted solely because of VTE.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Erythrocyte pyrimidine-5'-nucleotidase activity as a sensitive indicator of lead exposure.

Since the red cell enzyme pyrimidine-5'-nucleotidase (PN) is inhibited by lead, we examined the feasibility of using the activity of this enzyme as a measure of lead exposure. Erythrocyte PN activity was measured in 110 blood samples obtained from subjects working in industries which utilize lead and 40 control subjects. The measurements were then compared with a number of traditional indices of lead poisoning. These included blood and urine lead concentrations and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin, urinary coproporphyrin and urinary delta-aminolaevulinic acid levels. There was a highly significant negative correlation between erythrocyte PN activity and blood lead concentration (-0,83; P less than 0,0001), which was greater than that for any of the other measurements. It was therefore concluded that erythrocyte PN activity is an excellent indicator of lead exposure.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1985

Erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin determination for screening for lead exposure.

Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP), erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin (EZP) and blood lead concentrations were measured in 150 male subjects, 110 of whom were employed in industries where lead exposure was possible. Eighty-seven per cent of these 110 workers had blood lead levels above the maximum safe level of 40 micrograms/dl, which suggests that the factory control of lead toxicity is inadequate. The AVIV dedicated front-face fluorometer (AVIV instruments, New Jersey, USA), which measures EZP, was evaluated as a simple, rapid method of screening for lead accumulation. EZP concentrations agreed well with conventional estimations of FEP (r = 0,987, P less than 0,0001), and both correlated well with the blood lead concentration (r = 0,558, P less than 0,0001 for EZP; r = 0,633, P less than 0,0001 for FEP). The specificity of the EZP level as a screening test was found to be high (98%) and the sensitivity moderately good (83%). In view of the ease and speed of operation of this portable fluorometer, it should prove useful as an aid to the detection of early lead intoxication.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1985

Iron absorption from red and white wines.

Iron (3 mg) was added as ferrous sulphate to 2 dl red wine, white wine and 7% alcohol and its absorption was then measured in 38 fasting male subjects. (The original concentrations of iron in the two wines were low, being 1.01-1.08 mg/l (red wine) and 0.13-0.20 (white wine]. The geometric mean absorption from red wine was only 20% of that from the alcohol solution whilst more than 4 times as much was absorbed from white wine as from the alcohol. Direct comparison showed greater absorption from white wine (10.4%) than from red wine (4.4%). Removal of about 80% of the polyphenols in red wine increased the geometric mean iron absorption from 1.9% to 3.6%. In vitro experiments indicated that iron was less soluble and less dialysable in red wines than in white wines. This was possibly due to the binding of iron to polyphenols in red wines. Electrophoretic studies suggested that the iron in white wines was complexed to hydroxycarboxylic acids.

Absorption↗
PubMed1984

The relative effect of ascorbic acid on iron absorption from soy-based and milk-based infant formulas.

The effect of varying concentrations of ascorbic acid on the absorption of iron from a soy-based infant milk formula containing 6 mg iron/100 g was examined in 64 adult Indian females using the extrinsic radioactive tag method. The corrected geometric mean absorption from the basic soy formula was only 1.8%. Addition of ascorbic acid in a concentration of 40 mg/100 g, did not significantly increase absorption (3.3%; t = 1.8, p greater than 0.07) but raising the concentration to 80 mg/100 g did so (6.9%; t = 2.4, p less than 0.02). No further significant increase was noted when the concentration of ascorbic acid was increased to 160 mg/100 g (7.7%; t = 0.4, p greater than 0.7). The inhibitory effect of soy on iron absorption was further demonstrated by a direct comparison between the soy-based formula and a similar product based on cows' milk. The comparison was made at two concentrations of ascorbic acid. At 40 mg/100 g the geometric mean iron absorption from the soy formula was 2.4% compared with 5.3% from the milk formula (t = 2.8, p less than 0.02), while the corresponding values at 80 mg ascorbic acid/100 g were 7.2 and 19.5%, respectively (t = 3.4, p less than 0.02). The present results confirm the marked inhibitory effect of soy protein on iron absorption and calculations from the absorption figures suggest that such formulas should contain at least 12 mg/100 g iron together with ascorbic acid in a molar ratio of approximately 4:1 if they are to be adequate in terms of iron nutrition.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗