[Drug therapy in rheumatology].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W Miehle.
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9 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and one with activated gonarthrosis were treated by means of application of Amuno ointment to one knee in a dosage of 3 X 5 cm ribbon of ointment, rubbed in on an area of approximately 200 cm2, over a period of 3 days. After this interval in 8 patients the knee-joints not treated with ointment were punctured, and synovial fluid was won. In all 10 cases serum level determinations were carried out. The obtained average values in serum ranged from 114.4 - 134.3 ng/ml, the average value found in the synovial fluid was ascertained at 235.6 ng/ml. Although this report is presenting only intermediate results these may nevertheless serve as evidence for a systemic effect of Amuno ointment at the synovium.
Non-steroidal antirheumatics have firmly established their essential role in therapy of rheumatic diseases. They improve the qualitative standards of living by means of removing pain, and are successfully slowing down inflammatory processes. Finally they very often will allow introduction of effective therapy maintaining functions. Regarding effects and side effects of non-steroidal antirheumatics doctors and especially patients should accept the facts of reality. This implies a reasonable desensibilization which will also lead to better compliance of patients.
Physicotherapy is of rather high importance for many rheumatic diseases. Cold as well as warm applications will be positively effecting alleviation of distress and pain if close observation of the various stages is guaranteed. Indications for the different electrotherapeutic proceedings, however, have to some extent not been put up yet. Medical gymnastics is so far representing the only causally active therapy. The present study is demonstrating physicotherapeutic methods in relation to stages of rheumatic disease, as for instance in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, during some forms of non-articular rheumatism and--only fleetingly--arthrosis.
The incomplete form, the so-called Reiter-trias (three-fold Reiter's syndrome) and the form supplemented by skin- and mucous-membrane-lesions are presented. Iritis, conjunctivitis, urethritis as well as visceral complications are being discussed referring to their appearance and frequency. Of essential importance seems to be a specific analysis which will bring to light the often fleeting (eyes, urogenital-region) or willingly concealed (urethritis) symptoms. A differential diagnosis, recommendations for therapy and a prognostic outlook are concluding this short demonstration of Reiter's syndrome.
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A description of the polymyalgia arteriitica is presented: preference of beginning in higher age, leading symptom being muscular pain at the back of the neck, around the shoulders, the upper arms, the buttocks and thighs as well as the visibly augmented erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The arteriitic manifestation being considered, the necessity of adequate corticosteroid therapy is accentuated. Prognosis depends on both factors, localization of the arteriitis and efficient corticosteroid treatment.
There is one reason for unexplained accelerated blood cells sedimentation rate in the aged, which is often neglected:Polymyalgia arteriitica or Arteriitis temporalis. Long-term therapy with cortison normalizes pains and sedimentation rate. Nevertheless, short-term treatment is a way to diagnose the disease "ex juvantibus".
In spite of intensive research, it has not yet been possible to produce a complete explanation of the aetiology and pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.). Therapeutic measures are possible in many phases of the pathogenetic concept, and often produce good, modifying results, improving the course of the disease. No causal therapy of R.A. exists--we do not know the aetiology of this disease. Frustration with conventional medicine on the one side, and the predominating spirit of the times on the other--back to biological methods and the old forms of therapy--are the reasons why chronic polyarthritics drift into the sphere of para-medicine. In the judgement of para-medical methods, "risk/benefit relationship", "superfluous and no longer up-to-date", "controversial--absence of scientific evidence", "controversial", and "controversial--not scientifically acceptable" present some of the decision criteria. Treatment with mussel extracts, beta-sitosterins, THX, and substitution with various substances, as well as anthroposophically-oriented high-potency homeopathy, are to be allocated to the "controversial--not scientifically acceptable" category. If one weighs up the "risk/benefit relationship" of cell therapy, this treatment concept also cannot be supported. Moreover, precisely documented scientific results of this form of therapy do not exist. Methods standing on scientifically-hypothetically interesting ground, but which were tested on too small a group and cannot yet be accepted as sufficiently proven, are therapy with Vitamin E, the use of Thymopoietin, in which, for example, dose-finding and mode of application are not yet firmly established, and therapy with enzyme mixtures. Interferon results, initially extolled in the lay press, have not been confirmed in the most recent studies. Thymopoietin treatments, via the laborious road to the correct application (oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous as bolus, intravenous--fractionated), show encouraging successes. As tissue-localized immune complexes (which sort?) play a role in the pathogenesis of R.A., but enzyme mixtures, apart from the problems of absorption, only influence circulating immune complexes, and moreover, in many diseases neither the aetiology nor the pathogenesis is connected with the immune complexes, this therapy concept can be regarded neither as causal nor as scientifically guaranteed. In summary: from the start-point that healing is the ideal aim, it has been forgotten that there are many human sufferings which medicine can ease and ameliorate, but not yet cure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A 22-year old male patient developed--following a short phase of monarthritis--the symptoms of a symmetric, polysynoviatic, discrete erosive rheumatoid arthritis, thus fulfilling five of seven ACR criteria. Initially as well as persisting during the course of the disease the palpable swelling of synovitis showed a coarse character. The radiological progression at the hands during an interval of eight years being only minimal the loss of functions, up to contraction of joints (left hip) augmented considerably during that time. Neither rheumatoid factor or antinuclear antibodies nor evident eosinophilia or hypergammaglobulinaemia could be proved or verified. In 1994 muscle biopsy led to the diagnosis "fasciitis with low-graded eosinophilia". Anamnestic, clinical and radiological signs and data as well as the course of the disease and assessing of differential diagnoses are presented and discussed.