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Biomedical subjects

W Mayberry

Publications and source records attributed to W Mayberry.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Relationships among and demographic predictors of dentists' self-reported adherence to national guidelines.

How dentists learn about and integrate new procedures and techniques into dental practice are major concerns in innovation research in dentistry. The purposes of this study were to: (1) develop reliable measures of self-reported adherence to different national guidelines; (2) to examine the relationships among the different measures; and (3) to determine if predictors of these adherence behaviours exist. One thousand U.S. general dentists were asked to complete a survey of adherence behaviours to established guidelines in infection control, radiation protection, and antibiotic prophylaxis. Thirty-five percent responded to the mailed survey. Reliable scales were developed in infection control and antibiotic prophylaxis behaviors. Step-wise multiple regression analysis produced several weak predictors of adherence to guidelines in these two areas. Characteristics of early adopters such as office complexity, membership in professional associations, and year of graduation, were consistent with other dental innovation literature. Significant correlations were found between adherence behaviors in infection control and antibiotic prophylaxis. These correlations do support the findings that practitioners who are early adopters of innovation are likely to do so in more than one area.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

A pilot study of differences in play behavior between children of low and middle socioeconomic status.

Although play is an important activity of childhood, it is often a neglected modality in occupational therapy. Poverty has been identified as a factor that adversely affects the play of children when a limited number of factors are studied. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore multiple play behaviors that may be related to socioeconomic status. The developmental play ages of 41 middle socioeconomic status preschool children (22 boys, 19 girls) and 43 low socioeconomic status preschool children (24 boys, 19 girls) were assessed with a modified version of the Preschool Play Scale (Bledsoe & Shepherd, 1982; Knox, 1974). Teachers rated the children's play behavior after a minimum of 2 months of interaction in their preschool classrooms. No significant differences between these two groups of children were found for developmental play age, play dimensions, or play categories. It was concluded that the exposure to positive experiences, such as peer interaction and preschool setting, may minimize the effects of poverty conditions on the play behavior of children.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1990

Self-esteem in children: considerations for measurement and intervention.

A differentiated model of self-esteem, based on William James's (1890), C. H. Cooley's (1902/1968), and G. H. Mead's (1925/1968) works and developed by Dr. Susan Harter (1983), is presented as a valuable tool for the occupational therapist to use in evaluation and intervention. Competence and social support are considered important components, and discounting is presented as a mechanism for the maintenance or improvement of self-esteem. Social comparison, social desirability, and defensiveness are discussed as important considerations, particularly regarding children with disabilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Ocular pursuit in mentally retarded, cerebral-palsied, and learning-disabled children.

We tested the following groups for visual pursuit abilities: 54 mentally retarded, 46 cerebral-palsied, and 131 learning-disabled children, 3 to 10 years of age. The resulting five behavioral scores, six directions, and total scores were analyzed for age trends. Comparisons were made between the handicapped groups and between the handicapped and normative samples. The scores were also correlated with other visual and postural abilities. All three handicapped groups scored lower than the normative group and also showed patterns different from the normative group and different from each other. The learning-disabled group most closely approximated the normative group's development patterns. Educational data were not able to be used, and we suggest that future research examine the correlations (both in handicapped and nonhandicapped children) of ocular pursuits and educational achievement, and also obtain more complete data on cerebral-palsied children. Therapists may find the visual pursuits test useful particularly when they want to evaluate a number of aspects of ocular pursuit functioning or when they desire more precision than what is usually available by simple observation.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1976

Children's drawings about dentistry.

Drawings about the dentist at work were solicited from 1,101 children in grades 2, 4, 6 and 8 in an urban school district. A system to classify the contents of these drawings was developed. The frequency of various items occurring in the children's drawings was determined. The "typical" or most frequent child's drawing of the dentist at work was described. This drawing contained a normal dental chair, dentist, a patient in the chair and dental cabinetry or furniture. The picture was a very matter-of-fact representation. Abnormal or bizarre pictures occurred infrequently. A few children drew pictures that did not relate to dentistry.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Barrier techniques to infection: a national survey of pediatric dentists.

Pediatric dentists are at increasing risk of exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Therefore, a nationwide survey was conducted to describe pediatric dentists' use of barrier techniques and infection-control procedures and to identify factors that might impede their use. Questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of 1581 practicing pediatric dentists. Seven hundred fifty-two completed questionnaires were returned. Results showed that 95.3% of the respondents have changed some aspect of infection control during the past two years; 85.9% routinely wear gloves; 77.9% routinely wear protective glasses; and 45.6% routinely wear facemasks. Results also highlighted several problems created by the use of gloves and facemasks.

Communicable Disease Control↗